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Electric al Instrumen ta tion Assignmen t Y ou ar e task ed with the ins trumenta tion design f or a geophysic al ins trumen ta tion pr oject. Y ou need t o design and v alidate a lo w cost, R TD-based sensor and surf ace readout (SR O) box. Man y of these sensor s will be ins talled ar ound a “ dormant” v olc ano and be c onnected to a cen tral SR O box (12 sensor s per bo x) that will do the f ollowing with in forma tion fr om each sensor: • Output t emperatur e to a 1-5 V analog output linearly sc aled fr om 20 °C t o 125 °C. The output should ha ve a t leas t 12 bits of r esolution available noise- free, buf fer the output t o have an output impedance of less than 100 Ω and provide t emper atur e in forma tion within one sec ond of the sensor tr ansmitting tha t data. • If the t emperatur e fr om an y connect ed sensor c ontinuously incr eases o ver 1000 c onsecutiv e r eadings (t aken once a sec ond) then an LED alarm on the SR O box mus t be lit. The SR O box contains a 12V , 80 Ah batt er y in tended t o power both the sensor and SR O box. Each sensor is c onnected to the SR O box through a long (3-5 km), single c onductor, c oa xial c able. Due t o the pr oximity t o pump jack s and oil and g as equipment, there is ample of 60 Hz and 400 Hz noise pr esent on the c onductor. Y ou c an model the c able as follows: S e n so r S R O B ox The R TD sensor is a P T100 type, gr ade A sensor. Y our objectiv e is to design and simula te (or build): 1. The sensor , including cir cuitry to enc ode and send t emperatur e to the SR O box. 2. The SR O box (single channel and po wer supply), including the cir cuit to receiv e the signal fr om the sensor , pr oduce the 1-5V input, and ligh t the led when required. 1 E ach SR O box should be able t o operate aut onomously f or one month – please budg et y our a vailable ener gy carefully . Plan f or 12 sensor s per SRO box, but only model/ show one. Assume tha t the following cir cuit componen ts already e xist (i.e. no need t o create them in y our cir cuit): • Ideal +12V , +5V and -12V v oltage r ails, all sour ced fr om the ba tt er y. Assume 100% c onver sion e fficiency f or the -12V and +5V r ails. • A 1 sec ond oscilla tor with a duty cy cle and output v olt age of y our choice. Y ou ar e welcome t o use an y componen ts that you lik e, but using a micr ocon troller is disc ouraged (signific antly incr eases the design c omplexity of the pr oject). K eep in mind: • Con ven tional electr onic componen ts, especially micr ocon troller s and digit al electronics, begin t o f ail abo ve 120 °C unless r ated f or higher t emperatur es (e. g. aut omotiv e parts). • Y ou ha ve a v ariety of appr oaches a t your disposal f or communic ating t emper atur e in forma tion acr oss the c able. A tt emp ting t o measur e the RTD resistance thr ough the long (v ariable length), noisy cable fr om the SR O bo x is pr obably not the bes t approach. • An y po wer the sensor uses mus t arrive at the sensor thr ough the same c able used to conve y the in forma tion back t o the SRO box. • Y ou do not ha ve a gr ound c onnection in either the sensor or the SR O box. • A v oltage r efer ence is dif fer en t fr om a dr opout r egula tor . If y ou need an accur ate v oltage sour ce then use a v oltage r efer ence. • Do not model c ounter in y our analog simula tion. Check the lectur e notes from las t class (FPGA II) in the addendum - c ounter s ar e in troduced. Coun ter s ar e simple de vices that are eas y to in tegr ate in to cir cuits. Y ou can pr ovide a c ounter + logic cir cuit and describe its oper ation without the needed t o simulate. • Use a t ool like h ttp s:// ever ycir cuit.c om/ t o model y our c ounter + logic. • If y ou w ould lik e to br eak out the linear , 5V output of y our cir cuit design in to a separ ate simula tion then y ou can do so , but please use a r easonably accurate The venin equiv alent circuit f or y our signal sour ce (i.e. voltage sour ce + output impedance). Within y our team, y ou may wish t o decide ho w to communic ate po wer and in forma tion back and f orth, then deleg ate the design of the sensor and SR O box separ ately . 2