Hello this assignment is not that complicated you just have to find the answers from the slide of week 5 and week 6 that I have attached. I have also attached the assignment question paper . this assi
Assignment 3 (Total marks: 60)
Name (full name): Student ID:
Failure to write full name and ID will result in a 2% penalty on the marks obtained.
Part A: | Part B: | Part C: | Total: |
Answer the questions below. For multiple choice questions, please make the chosen answer (the entire sentence) BOLD or underlined.
Part A: Pest management
1. The synthetic chemicals designed to control pest populations should more appropriately be called:
Herbicides
Fungicides
Pesticides
Biocides
2. Which Canadian agency regulate all pesticides manufactured, imported, sold, or used in Canada?
Environment Canada
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Health Canada
None of the above
3. Due to repeated exposure to the same chemicals, over time, how many species of of malaria-carrying mosquitoes developed genetic resistance to DDT?
15 species or less
20 to 30 species
40 to 45 species
50 or more species
4. What species of spider can keep house clear of cockroaches?
Wolf spider
Banana spider
Crab spider
All of the above
5. How many children die each year in North America due to unsafe storage of pesticides?
About 10
About 20
About 30
None of the above
6. Approximately, what percent of the world’s potential human food supply is lost to pests before harvest?
27%
33%
40%
None of the above
7. Which law of nature dictates that predatory insects are likely to be highly effective in controlling prey insect populations?
The law of natural selection
Survival of the fittest
Second Law of thermodynamics
None of the above
8. Since when farmers started to use chemicals extracted from nature to control or kill pests?
Sixteenth century
Nineteenth century
Twentieth century
None of the above
9. A group of chemicals that can make a pesticide water soluble and highly toxic to insects but relatively harmless to mammals and birds is known as:
Atrazine
Malathion
Pyrethrins
None of the above
10. Since mid-20th century, how many species of weeds have developed genetic resistance to one or more pesticides?
1000
500
300
200
11. DDT created a positive feedback loop in terms of the amount of pesticide use because:
It was ineffective in controlling pests
It killed off insect predators
It caused bio-magnification
Both (b) and (c)
12. What were the first batch of POPs that the global community agreed to control, reduce, phase and destroy any remaining stockpiles via the Stockholm Convention called?
13. Which Canadian municipality was the first to ban use of pesticides for cosmetic purposes on lawn?
Prince George
Hudson
Sherbrook
Halifax
14. What percent of the potential pest species population is controlled by natural enemies (predators, parasites, and disease organisms)?
about 98%
About 75%
About 56%
None of the above
15. Insects produce many products that are consumed/used by humans, such as:
Honey
Silk
Royal jelly
All of the above
16. The overall aim of integrated pest management is to:
Eradicate pest population
Use moderate level of synthetic pesticides
Reduce crop loss to an economically acceptable level
All of the above
17. By late middle ages, which of the following natural substances were used by farmers for pest control?
Arsenic
Lead
Mercury
All of the above
18. What method can be used to reduce unnecessary or over spraying of pesticides?
19. In which sector of agriculture has biological pest control been most successful?
20. What might work to make IPM principles more effective and lower the reliance on chemical pesticides?
Set up government-funded pilot projects
Create a special crop insurance for farmers willing to switch to IPM
Remove subsidies that favor pesticides
All of the above
Part B: Urbanization and sustainable cities (Chapter 25 and Sustainable Winnipeg) [30]
1. By 2050, approximately what proportion of the global population are expected to live in urban areas [1]?
One third
One half
Two thirds
Three quarters
2. Why is Curitiba, Brazil an ecocity? [1]
Cars are allowed downtown only during certain hours.
The city puts a focus on mass transit.
It is expensive to live there.
The city limits the number of people allowed to live there.
3. Mention one push factors contributing to the growth of urban areas through migration (from rural to urban areas): [1]
4. What is a mega city? [1]
5. By what percentage did the urban population increase between 1850 and 2014 due to the global urban revolution? [1]
It increased from 2% in 1850 to 54%
It increased from 10% in 1850 to 65%
It increased from 20% in 1850 to 50%
It increased from 40% in 1850 to 65%
6. Which statement best characterizes the squatter settlement populations of most cities in developing countries? [1]
They are declining in number.
They have lower incomes than do the rural poor.
They are people who don’t pay taxes and live off social welfare.
They consist of people living in makeshift shelters.
7. What motivates people who migrate to cities? [1]
Access to education, innovation, and culture
Greater employment opportunity
Better healthcare
All of the above
8. Which one of the policies might have contributed to urban sprawl? [1]
Availability of ample land
Zoning laws requiring separation of residential and business districts
Tax laws encouraging home ownership
All of the above
9. Which city experiences “fecal snow”? [1]
a. Calcutta
b. Mexico City
c. Sao Paulo
d. Rio de Janeiro
10. Urban sprawl causes many undesirable impacts, including: [1]
Habitat fragmentation
Increased flooding
Increased number deaths from accidents
All of the above
11. What is the most recent shift seen in North American internal human populations? [1]
a shift from agricultural areas to cities
a shift from north and east to south and west
a shift from urban areas to rural areas
all of the above
12. Which statement most accurately represents the use of resources by urban populations around the world? [1]
Urban populations occupy about 2% of the planet’s area and consume 75% of the resources
Urban populations occupy about 8% of the planet’s area and consume 70% of the resources.
Urban populations occupy about 10% of the planet’s area and consume 88% of the resources.
Urban populations occupy about 20% of the planet’s area and consume 33% of the resources.
13. Which of the following is an environmental benefit of urbanization? [1]
readily available workforce
thriving cultural landscape
economically feasible recycling
all of the above
14. Prolonged exposure to which level of noise can cause permanent hearing loss? [1]
> 100 decibels
> 65 decibels
> 75 decibels
> 85 decibels
15. How much louder is a sound registering 50 dbA compared to one registering 30 dbA? [1]
1.67 times louder
20 times louder
100 times louder
1000 times louder
16. The City of Toronto introduced the ‘lights-out’ program from 11 pm to dawn to: [1]
Save energy consumption and reduce emission of greenhouse gases
To help reduce interference with the airplane navigation systems
To reduce the number of birds colliding with tall buildings
It encourages nightly zooplankton feeding
17. Globally, what percentage of travel occurs by foot, bicycle, motor scooter, and bus? [1]
45%
80%
70%
90%
18. What percentage of all urban transportation in Canada and the US is undertaken by passenger vehicles? [1]
98%
88%
78%
68%
19. In which country, the right to buy a car is auctioned to the highest bidder and the revenue is reinvested to providing a reliable mass transit system? [1]
Japan
Denmark
China
Singapore
20. What is the term for a scenario in which the construction of roads leads to the sale of more cars, which in turn leads to the construction of even more roads? [1]
antagonistic interaction
positive feedback loop
negative feedback loop
None of the above
21. What is the source of 90% of the funds used to support government services (schools, roads, policing, fire protection, welfare, etc.)? [1]
income tax
sales tax
fees and licenses
property tax
22. What can impede ecologically sound development? [1]
establishing land trusts
taxing land on the basis of the economically highest potential use
requiring environmental impact analysis for private projects
implementing conservation easements
23. What of the following measures can help deal with uncontrolled growth and sprawl? [1]
discouraging mixed use zoning
taxing buildings rather than land
promoting high-density clusters
issuing free building permits
24. ‘Smart growth’ strategies are adopted to: [1]
reduce urban sprawls
reduce carbon emissions and pollution from cars
protect ecologically sensitive areas
all of the above
25. The most effective ways to slow down and control urban sprawl include: [1]
Revitalize neighborhoods and downtown areas
Set growth boundaries around cities
Preserve open spaces outside urban areas
All of the above
26. Migration of people and businesses from urban centres to rural areas in some big cities is: [1]
Causing budget crunch
Reinvigorating family farming
Reducing urban poverty
All of the above
27. What is one means of creating urban open space? [1]
Encouraging clusters and vertical growth
Instituting greenbelts
Improving public transport
All of the above
28. Benefits provided by vegetation in urban areas include: [1]
a. providing habitat for wildlife
b. cooling air temperature
c. filtering pollutants
d. all of the above
29. Given an example of ‘reconciliation ecology’ from your textbook. [1]
30. What is the time horizon used for “Sustainable Winnipeg?” [1]
PART 3: Short questions [10]
1. Why do some people say that plants and insects have been in an “arms race” for millions of years? [2]
2. A book published in the second-half of the 20th century on the use and impacts of synthetic pesticides is widely credited for the birth of grass-root environmental movement in the west. Based on online research, answer the following: [1+2=3]
(a) Who was the author of the book and what was the title?
(b). Mention four key points made in the book.
3. Mention one action (per issue) that can help deal with the following issues in urban areas: [0.5x4=2]
Air pollution:
Water pollution:
Solid waste:
Loss of habitat:
4. What is the traditional way of showing the inter-linkages between economy, society and the environment (show in a diagram)? How did the City of Winnipeg envision this relationship in their strategy document (show in a diagram)? Which model do you endorse and why? [3]