A description of at least three initial energy management opportunities and an estimate of cost, energy savings, cost savings, and payback. Examples: LED lighting upgrade, HVAC upgrade, motor upgrade,
Final Assignment BUSI 3523 – Energy Systems Operations
Case #1 - Yorkville Care Centre
Building Description
The Yorkville Care Centre is a single-storey, assisted living health care facility with 213 beds in Kelowna, British Columbia. The footprint of the entire facility measures approximately 14,400 m2 (155,000 ft2). The facility consists of patient care spaces, amenities, and support and utility areas. The building also houses the gerontology centre, providing further support to permanent or temporary patients.
The building occupancy schedule is as follows:
Monday to Friday | Saturday | Sunday | |
Residences | 24 hours | 24 hours | 24 hours |
Offices | 8:00 – 16:30 | 8:00 – 16:30 | Closed |
Kitchen | 5:00 – 20:00 | 5:00 – 20:00 | 5:00 – 20:00 |
Natural gas and electricity is supplied by a local utility – no energy is generated onsite. The bills are attached in a spreadsheet.
An energy study determined the building energy breakdown as follows:
Electricity Consumption per Year (2,017,571 in 2016)
Lighting: 557,400 kWh/y
Space Cooling: 235,841 kWh/y
Plug Loads (Computers, Other Equipment): 268,628 kWh/y
Pumps: 210,010 kWh/y
Ventilation Fans: 893,479 kWh/y
Space Heating: 0 kWh/y
Natural Gas Consumption per Year (15,500 GJ/y in 2016)
Space heating (Boilers and Rooftop Units): 12,447 GJ/y
Domestic Hot Water: 2453 GJ/y
Other (Kitchen and Laundry): 600 GJ/y
A basic description of the facility is presented below:
Building Envelope
Typical masonry brick with concrete slab in good condition – Good condition
Windows are single pane metal frame – Poor condition
Roof is asphaltic 2 ply SBS one layer overlay board with isocyanurate insulation – Good condition
Lighting
Interior lighting Standard 2 x 4’ 17W T8 Lamp Fixtures
Wall sconces - 24W CFL
Exterior lighting – 100W HPS fixtures
Parking lighting – 150W metal halide fixtures
Boilers
Water heating for the building is provided by four Cleaver Brooks natural gas fired draft boilers. These were installed in 1977 and 1985. All boilers are fire tube and at end-of-life.
2 x 6,277 MBH Input Rated Capacity, 80% efficiency in poor condition
2 x 2,930 MBH Input Rated Capacity, 80% efficiency in poor condition
Space Cooling
One 200-tonne Trane air cooled R-series unit installed in 2013 that supplied chiller water in good condition
5 x 18 tonne roof top units in good condition
Some minor additional air conditioning
Ventilation
51 exhaust fans (EFs) in good condition
31 central air handling units (AHUs) in good condition
Very poor controls using old pneumatic actuators for controls
No demand controlled ventilation
No centralized controls or building management system
Domestic Hot Water
2 x 750 MBH Input Rated Capacity, 85% in good condition installed in 2013
Pumps
All pumps are constant speed ranging from 0.5 to 10 hp
Other End Uses
There is a commercial laundry facility on site
There is a commercial kitchen that has a series of old equipment at end of life:
2 commercial refrigerators from 1989
2 natural gas convection ovens
1 natural gas fryer
1 natural gas griddle
2 commercial natural gas dishwasher
There is an office with a variety of IT plug loads like computers
Energy and Facilities Management
The facility has one full time, on-site operator in charge of maintenance
Your organization has one mechanical and electrical engineer that can assist with projects but that’s located in a central office away from the care facility
There has never been any energy efficiency work done at the facility
There is no Energy Management Plan
There are no behavioral energy management initiatives
Your organization has never looked at energy management. You are their first employee dedicated to energy management.
There is no building management system.
Occupant Concerns
The building has many cold spots in winter and warm parts in summer.
The building heat and cooling is left on overnight
The lighting in the building is very poor with various different colour lights and many burnt-out fluorescent tubes
The windows are drafty and give the patients chills
An energy assessment was done at the site in 2018, and came up with the following 24 recommendation:
ECM | Description | System | Natural Gas Savings (GJ/yr) | Electricity Demand Savings (kW) | Electricity Energy Savings (kWh/yr) | Natural Gas Savings ($/yr) | Electricity Savings ($/yr) | Total Savings Inc. Avoided O&M ($/yr) | Implementation Cost |
ECM 1 | Boilers Hot Water Supply Temperature Reset | Boilers | 586 | - | - | 5,185 | - | 5,185 | 12,657 |
ECM 2 | Chiller Water Supply Temperature Reset | Chiller | - | 13 | 26,169 | - | 3,026 | 3,026 | 7,100 |
ECM 3 | Domestic Hot Water Pumps Shutdown | Pumps | - | 0.8 | 2,628 | - | 251 | 251 | 5,314 |
ECM 4 (4) | LED Upgrade of Existing Interior T8 and Exterior Metal Halide and High Pressure Sodium Lighting | Lighting | 59 | 354,600 | 30,087 | 42,147 | 145,136 | ||
ECM 5 | Shut Down during 21:00-5:00 (8 h)& Reduced Airflow During Day | AHU-3 and EF-3 | 1,159 | 87,929 | 10,261 | 8,289 | 19,379 | 19,129 | |
ECM 6 | Night Setback (18 C vs. 22 C), Setup (24 C vs. 22 C), DCV (zero OA with CO2 sensor) and VFD: during 22:00-5:00 (7 h) | AHU-4 and EF-2 | 97 | 10 | 25,095 | 856 | 2,778 | 3,911 | 10,714 |
ECM 7 | Night Setback (18 C vs. 22 C), Setup (24 C vs. 22 C), DCV (zero OA with CO2 sensor) and VFD: during 22:00-5:00 (7 h) | AHU-5 and EF-4 | 27 | 7,454 | 241 | 823 | 1,147 | 7,766 | |
ECM 8 | Low Occupancy HVAC Shut Down during 21:00-5:00 (8 h) | AHU-20 and FE-11 | 190 | 14,293 | 1,684 | 1,300 | 3,114 | 3,498 | |
ECM 9 | Low Occupancy HVAC System Shut Down during 21:00-5:00 (8 h) | AHU-21 and FE-17 | 297 | 6,159 | 2,626 | 600 | 3,286 | 3,498 | |
ECM 10 | Low Occupancy HVAC Shut Down during 18:00-5:00 (11 h) | RTU-BAL (F-10) | 414 | 7,027 | 3,668 | 1,039 | 4,810 | 3,498 | |
ECM 11 | Low Occupancy HVAC Shut Down during 18:00-5:00 (11 h) | F-25 and P-24/25 | 83 | 9,891 | 738 | 874 | 1,700 | 3,498 | |
ECM 12 | Variable Frequency Drives for Pumps 1 & 2 | Pumps | - | 43,020 | - | 3,549 | 3,904 | 16,808 | |
ECM 13 | Variable Frequency Drives for Pumps 3 & 4 | Pumps | - | 32,160 | - | 2,653 | 2,919 | 15,708 | |
ECM 14 | Variable Frequency Drives for Pumps 5 & 6 | Pumps | - | 10,468 | - | 887 | 975 | 15,048 | |
ECM 15 | Variable Frequency Drives for Pumps P1 | Pumps | - | 13,116 | - | 1,082 | 1,190 | 7,722 | |
ECM 16 | Night Setback (18 C vs. 22 C), Setup (24 C vs. 22 C), Add Demand Control Ventilation during 22:00-5:00 (7 h) | AHU-1 | 20 | 10,184 | 180 | 1,104 | 1,394 | 8,096 | |
ECM 17 | Night Setback (18 C vs. 22 C), Setup (24 C vs. 22 C), Add Demand Control Ventilation during 22:00-5:00 (7 h) | AHU-2 | 32 | 9,193 | 287 | 1,014 | 1,403 | 7,986 | |
ECM 18 | Shut Down during 18:00-5:00 (11 h) | AHU-3 and FE-1 | 140 | 12,249 | 1,243 | 1,102 | 2,456 | 3,498 | |
ECM 19 | Night Setback (18 C vs. 22 C), Setup (24 C vs. 22 C), Add Demand Control Ventilation during 22:00-5:00 (7 h) | AHU-4 | 23 | 10,185 | 199 | 1,107 | 1,416 | 7,986 | |
ECM 20 | Night Setback (18 C vs. 22 C), Setup (24 C vs. 22 C), DCV (zero OA with CO2 sensor) and VFD: during 22:00-5:00 (7 h) | AHU-5 | 15 | 5,962 | 134 | 650 | 849 | 7,766 | |
ECM 21 | Low Occupancy HVAC Shut Down during 21:00-5:00 (8 h) | AHU-6 and FE-9 | 137 | 4,685 | 1,214 | 454 | 1,713 | 3,498 | |
ECM 22 | Low Occupancy HVAC Shut Down during 19:00-5:00 (10 h) | AHU-22 | 52 | 2,231 | 464 | 291 | 784 | 3,498 | |
ECM 23 | Door Weather Stripping and Air Sealing | Doors | 105 | - | - | 927 | - | 927 | 3,401 |
ECM 24 | Heat Elements Insulation | Pipes, Valves | 433 | - | - | 3,831 | - | 3,831 | 10,356 |
The energy assessment did not provide recommendations for large capital equipment (boilers, kitchen equipment, water heaters, etc) that were at the end of life. The recommendation is to replace those units at their end-of-life with the highest efficiency models.