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RACISM IN SCHOOLS 5
Racism in schools
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Racism in schools
Harper S. R. (2012). Race without Racism: How Higher Education Researchers Minimize Racist Institutional Norms. The Review of Higher Education. Fall 2012, Vol. 36, No. 1 Supplement, pp. 9-29. Retrieved from https://www.gse.upenn.edu/diversity/sites/gse.upenn.edu.diversity/files/Harper%20(2012)%20RHE_0.pdf
This article gives the details of a research on the diminishing existence of racism in higher learning institutions and the methods that have been employed in these institutions to ensure the race is understood without students becoming racists or facilitating the vice. The author first gives a long historical account of events on racism and how it was defined long ago since it was declared a vice punishable by law. Numerous articles published in seven peer-reviewed journals are analyzed to provide credible data for this research. The author found that there is a diminishing trend of racist behaviors or activities in institutions of higher learning in America. The summary of these articles provides very useful information the selected topic research.
Jackson J. S., Brown T. N., Williams D. R., Torres M., Sellers S. L. & Brown K. (1996). Racism and the physical and mental health status of African Americans: a thirteen-year national panel study. Institute of Social Research-University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://www.isr.umich.edu/williams/All%20Publications/DRW%20pubs%201996/racism%20and%20the%20physical%20and%20mental%20health.pdf
This paper is an examination of the relationship that exists between racism and the physical and mental health of the African American children in schools. A sample size of 623 African American children were examined and observed both physically and mentally. This number contained both black children that already experienced racism and those that never did for credible comparison. Also, this article can be used to gauge how long ago racial divide began schools and in comparison to Harper's article whether it has in deed diminished. This article does not just give an account of racism in schools in America but it also fives evidence of the racism affects the physical and mental statuses of children who are discriminated against. Even though the article seems to have been published in the nineties, it has very useful information that is vital for the topic and the research questions.
Kohli R. (2008). Breaking the cycle of racism in the classroom: critical race reflections from future teachers of color. Teacher Education Quarterly, Fall 2008. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ838707.pdf
In the beginning paragraph, the author gives his position on the topic as a specialist in a middle school in Oakland, California. Her article discusses how teachers and other professionals in middle schools in the state in the USA can break the cycle of racism. She believes that all hell on racism break lose in middle school. The article also discusses some of the standards of teaching that had been set to help in curbing the vice and the existing conflicts in these standards. People are confused on whose standards to use, and some have been modified to fit modern education while others have not. Then she talks about what she means by breaking the cycle of racism. The data used in this article is collected from a sample of undergraduate students from various Universities and colleges in California, and it constitutes what they remember about racist behaviors in middle schools. This article is a vital source of information that is without any doubt necessary for the topic of research.
References
Harper S. R. (2012). Race without Racism: How Higher Education Researchers Minimize Racist Institutional Norms. The Review of Higher Education. Fall 2012, Vol. 36, No. 1 Supplement, pp. 9-29. Retrieved from https://www.gse.upenn.edu/diversity/sites/gse.upenn.edu.diversity/files/Harper%20(2012)%20RHE_0.pdf
Jackson J. S., Brown T. N., Williams D. R., Torres M., Sellers S. L. & Brown K. (1996). Racism and the physical and mental health status of African Americans: a thirteen year national panel study. Institute of Social Research-University of Michigan. retrieved from http://www.isr.umich.edu/williams/All%20Publications/DRW%20pubs%201996/racism%20and%20the%20physical%20and%20mental%20health.pdf
Kohli R. (2008). Breaking the cycle of racism in the classroom: critical race reflections from future teachers of color. Teacher Education Quarterly, Fall 2008. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ838707.pdf