Literature Review Draft
Expanded Comparison Matrix
Article 1 | Article 2 | Article 3 | |
Title/Author(s) | Relationships Among Structural Empowerment, Psychological Empowerment, And Burnout in Registered Staff Nurses Working in Outpatient Dialysis Centers O’Brien | Analyzing Student Complaints Against Nursing Programs: Taxonomies of Complaints and Outcomes Wolf &Czekanski | Transformational Leadership in the Public Sector: Does Structure Matter? Wright & Pandey |
Persistent GCU library link | http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2011397511&site=ehost-live&scope=site | http://dx.doi.org.library.gcu.edu:2048/10.1016/j.profnurs.2011.06.004 | http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=52860455&site=ehost-live&scope=site |
Purpose of the study What is the author’s rationale for selecting this topic?Does he build a strong case? | To offer an overview of the relationships between burnout in registered staff nurses working in outpatient hemodialysis settings, psychological empowerment, and structural empowerment. The author uses data gathered from 500 registered nurses measuring burnout using the Emotional Exhaustion Subscale (EES) of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire (CWEQ-II) was used to measure the structural empowerment element and psychological empowerment was measured using Spreitzer’s Psychological Empowerment Instrument. Using correlational analysis it was determined that all dimensions were related, significantly, to burnout. | To analyze student complaints against nursing programs and to receive careful review consistent with policies, established systems, and continuous quality improvement approaches. Suggested that program administrators must manage complaints equitably and professionally so that the conduct of programs does not violate programs and accrediting organizations standards or procedures. The author builds a strong argument based on the need to examine the characteristics of the complaints made in the nursing programs of a private university so that in the future, the database might include types of complaints identified during the investigation based on the analysis so the series of activities moves more smoothly than previously. Complaints were defined according to the policy that was formulated. | To analyze the characteristics of the public sector organizations in the U.S.A and explore the importance of analyzing the characteristics of bureaucracy as this inhibits the transformational leadership in the public sector. The study intends to investigate the impact of the organizational and contextual influences to the efficiency of transformational leadership. The author builds a plausible argument based on the need for followers to be flexible in order for a leader to motivate them beyond satisfactory performance. In addition, the structure and controls in place for public organizations might impede the effectiveness of a transformational leader. |
Research Question(s) What question(s) does the author present? | This study looked at the following hypotheses:
between structural empowermentand burnout.
| This study looked at the following hypothesis: Suggestion that a nursing program interested in achieving and maintaining accreditation status needs to create a definition of a formal complaint and a procedure for constituents to follow when filing a formal complaint. What are the types of complaints submitted by nursing students? Who, in addition to students, are other complainants? What are the outcomes of the complaints? Will the method be framed by principles of continuous quality improvement? | The study looked at the following hypothesis: Suggested that the more hierarchical an organization’s authority structure, the lower the reported practice of transformational leadership behaviors. Suggested that the weaker the lateral/upward communication in an organization, the lower the reported practice of transformational leadership behaviors. Why is it that the greater organizational formalization, the lower the reported practice of transformational leadership behaviors? What contributes the more an organization’s structure impedes the establishment of extrinsic reward-performance, contingencies the higher the reported practice of transformational leadership behaviors? Will the use of organizational performance measures will decrease the reported transformational leadership behaviors? |
Literature Review How is this organized? What are the main themes found in the review? Who are the main authors used? | It is organized by explaining definitions and then moving to related theories. The Literature Review begins with a definition of burnout and then explains the conditions of burnout as it presents in a number of settings. The review moves to empowering structures and psychological empowerment and the ways in which the structuresand empowerment present themselves within the workplace in connection to burnout. | It is organized by searching the cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Education Resources Information Center, Medline databases and netted minimal results on program complaints. The Literature Review’s main theme focused on a variety of topics such as sexual harassment, disability discrimination complaints and the program design. The literature review questions whether or not there is an influence between correcting nursing program grievances/concerns and making an effort to incessant improvement and alterations to the nursing program environment. | It is organized by identifying controls and structures which are in place for public organizations, Once identification has occurred, related theories were examined. The Literature Review’s main theme focused on the author’s explaining what transformational leadership is and the requirements needed to become successful. Additional review of literature focused on structure of an organization, forming processes and procedures, reward systems, and how the chain of command should be formed. The influence of these topics correlated with the outcome. |
Sample Population(s) What group(s) is/are being studied? | 500 registered nurses working in outpatient hemodialysis centers in the U.S. | This descriptive study analyzed a convenience sample (N = 98) of complaints submitted by undergraduate and graduate nursing students attending an urban, private university and by students' parents. | 1,322 high-level public administrators in municipalities exceeding 50,000 residents. |
Limitations What are the limitations of the study?Why can it only encompass so much? | One limitation might be that the average age of the respondents was 49.6 years. Others include: Mostly Caucasian Mostly full-time Nurses came only from a professional organization Years of experience Methodology used Since the study only took into account the perceptions of nurses, the study did not look into how nursing management saw the concept of burnout played out in their nurses. | One limitation of the study may be the challenge of evaluating faculty teaching the course. Others include: There was no control over the data collection process for the complaints submitted in the time selected and when entered into the Excel spreadsheet. No data collection instrument was used as a consistent document for recording complaint descriptors. Entire results were not actual as many students did not submit complaints due to imagined retaliation from faculty and administrators. Consequently, the number of complaints may fall far short of the actual problems that students need to report. | One limitation might be that mostly Caucasian. Others include: Many jurisdictions had only 3 respondents, which might not be representative of the opinions of other direct reports. A reduced number of questions were used to identify transformational leadership to keep the survey short. Possibly causing false identification of transformational leaders. Transformational leadership might not be the result of less hierarchical organizations, it might cause them.
There is not a way to prove which came first. The results might be indicate only of the 205 local governments studied, not other public organizations. |
Results/ Conclusions What did the author find through the study?Was the original questionanswered? | The authors research found that the dimensions measured were significantly related to burnout. Hypotheses 1, 2, and 3 were supported by the research findings. Hypothesis 4 was found not to have a significant relationship on structural empowerment nor burnout. Therefore all hypotheses were either supported or unsupported by the data collected. | The authors study concluded that undergraduate nursing students made the most complaints and the dean was involved more frequently in complaints than the directors or faculty members. Failure and dismissal from the program was the highest frequency, next highest was grading, then teaching, and finally testing. The authors indicated that from the results of the data, the outcome form the students complaints, which were communication and clarification, were resolved. In this study, the conclusion does answer the question on the impact of resolving nursing program complaints by providing continuous improvement and engagement with faculty. | The author’s study concluded that there were varied results regarding the data of government structure and transformational leadership style. The author’s found that local government agencies are not always as rigid with their administrative leadership as perceived. Data varied in regards to the research question. The study did not support the data on how an agency is structured, as it hinders transformational style leadership. What evidence suggested was that transformational style leadership is hindered by its very own structure. Taken as a whole, these findings challenge the strong and pessimistic prior expectations fostered by mainstream management literature about the prospects of transformational leadership in the public sector. |
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