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M I K H A I L BU L G A K O V M A S T E R A N D MA R G A R I TA R I C H A R D PE V E A R A N D LA R I S S A VO L O K H O N S K Y E N G L I S H TR A N S L AT I O N A N D NO T E S C H A R L I E STO N E I L L U S T R AT I O N S J O S E F NY G R I N PDF P R E PA R AT I O N A N D TY P E S E T T I N G M I K H A I L BU L G A K O V Master and Margarita M A S T E R A N D MA R G A R I TA Released under Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial Licence.

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English translation by Richard PevearandLarissa Volokhonsky . This translation published in P E N G U I NBO O K S , 1997.

Illustrations by Charlie Stone.

M IKT EX L A T E X typesetting by Josef Nygrin, in March 2008.

http://www.paskvil.com/ Some rights reserved c 2008 Josef Nygrin Contents Introduction 1 Note and Acknowledgements 13 Book I. 15 1 Never Talk with Strangers 17 2 Pontius Pilate 30 3 The Seventh Proof 54 4 The Chase 59 5 There were Doings at Griboedov's 67 6 Schizophrenia, as was Said 79 7 A Naughty Apartment 87 8 The Combat between the Professor and the Poet 98 9 Koroviev's Stunts 106 10 News From Yalta 115 11 Ivan Splits in Two 126 12 Black Magic and Its Exposure 130 13 The Hero Enters 144 14 Glory to the Cock! 162 15 Nikanor Ivanovich's Dream 170 16 The Execution 182 17 An Unquiet Day 194 18 Hapless Visitors 206 Book II. 227 19 Margarita 229 20 Azazello's Cream 242 21 Flight 247 22 By Candlelight 260 23 The Great Ball at Satan's 273 24 The Extraction of the Master 288 25 How the Procurator Tried to Save Judas of Kiriath 309 26 The Burial 319 27 The End of Apartment No.50 340 28 The Last Adventures of Koroviev and Behemoth 355 29 The Fate of the Master and Margarita is Decided 367 30 It's Time! It's Time! 372 31 On Sparrow Hills 383 32 Forgiveness and Eternal Refuge 387 Epilogue 393 Mikhail Afanasievich Bulgakov 405 Epigraph FA U S T :

Nun gut, wer bist du denn?

ME P H I S TO P H E L E S :

Ein Teil von jener Kraft, Die stets das B ¨ ose will und stets das Gute schafft.

— F A U S T :

Who then art thou?

M E P H I S TO P H E L E S :

Part of that power which still Produceth good, whilst ever scheming ill. 11 The epigraph comes from the scene entitled `Faust's Study'in the rst part of the drama Faustby Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1842). The question is asked by Faust; the answer comes from the demon Mephistopheles.

Bulgakov originally considered including the epigraph from Goethe's Faustin the origi- nal German. The line comes shortly after Mephistopheles appears in Faust's study, hav- ing followed him in as a black poodle. Mikhail Bulgakov –Master and Margarita Introduction Mikhail Bulgakov worked on this luminous book throughout one of the darkest decades of the century. His last revisions were dictated to his wife a few weeks before his death in 1940 at the age of forty-nine. For him, there was never any question of publishing the novel. The mere existence of the manuscript, had it come to the knowledge of Stalin's police, would almost certainly have led to the permanent disappearance of its author.

Yet the book was of great importance to him, and he clearly believed that a time would come when it could be published. Another twenty-six years had to pass before events bore out that belief and The Master and Margarita, by what seems a surprising oversight in Soviet literary politics, nally ap- peared in print. The effect was electrifying.

The monthly magazine Moskva,otherwise a rather cautious and quiet publication, carried the rst part of The Master and Margaritain its Novem- ber 1966 issue. The 150,000 copies sold out within hours. In the weeks that followed, group readings were held, people meeting each other would quote and compare favourite passages, there was talk of little else. Cer- tain sentences from the novel immediately became proverbial. The very language of the novel was a contradiction of everything wooden, of cial, imposed. It was a joy to speak.

When the second part appeared in the January 1967 issue of Moskva, it was greeted with the same enthusiasm. Yet this was not the excitement caused by the emergence of a new writer, as when Aleksandr Solzhenit- syn's One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich appeared in the magazineNovy Mir in 1962. Bulgakov was neither unknown nor forgotten. His plays had begun to be revived in theatres during the late fties and were published in 1962. His superb Life of Monsieur de Moliere came out in that same year.

His early stories were reprinted. Then, in 1965, came the Theatrical Novel, based on his years of experience with Stanislavsky's renowned Moscow Art Theatre. And nally in 1966 a volume of Selected Prosewas published, containing the complete text of Bulgakov's rst novel .The White Guard, written in the twenties and dealing with nearly contemporary events of 1 2 Mikhail Bulgakovthe Russian civil war in his native Kiev and the Ukraine, a book which in its clear-sighted portrayal of human courage and weakness ranks among the truest depictions of war in all of literature. Bulgakov was known well enough, then. But, outside a very small group, the existence of The Master and Margarita was completely unsus- pected. That certainly accounts for some of the amazement caused by its publication. It was thought that virtually all of Bulgakov had found its way into print. And here was not some minor literary remains but a major novel, the author 's crowning work. Then there were the qualities of the novel itself– its formal originality, its devastating satire of Soviet life, and of Soviet literary life in particular, its `theatrical' rendering of the Great Terror of the thirties, the audacity of its portrayal of Jesus Christ and Pon- tius Pilate, not to mention Satan. But, above all, the novel breathed an air of freedom, artistic and spiritual, which had become rare indeed, not only in Soviet Russia. We sense it in the special tone of Bulgakov's writ- ing, a combination of laughter (satire, caricature, buffoonery) and the most unguarded vulnerability. Two aphorisms detachable from the novel may suggest something of the complex nature of this freedom and how it may have struck the novel's rst readers. One is the much-quoted `Manuscripts don't burn', which seems to express an absolute trust in the triumph of poetry, imagination, the free word, over terror and oppression, and could thus become a watchword of the intelligentsia. The publication of The Master and Margarita was taken as a proof of the assertion. In fact, during a moment of fear early in his work on the novel, Bulgakov did burn what he had written. And yet, as we see, it refused to stay burned. This moment of fear, however, brings me to the second aphorism - `Cowardice is the most terrible of vices' - which is repeated with slight variations several times in the novel. More penetrating than the de ant `Manuscripts don't burn', this word touched the inner experience of generations of Russians. To por- tray that experience with such candour required another sort of freedom and a love for something more than `culture'. Gratitude for such perfect expression of this other, deeper freedom must surely have been part of the enthusiastic response of readers to the novel's rst appearance. And then there was the sheer unlikeliness of its publication. By 1966 the `thaw' that had followed Stalin's death was over and a new freeze was coming. The hopes awakened by the publication of One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, the rst public acknowledgement of the existence of the Gulag, had been disappointed. In 1964 came the notorious trial of the poet Joseph Brodsky, and a year later the trial of the writers Andrei Sinyavsky and Yuli Daniel, both sentenced to terms in that same Gulag. Solzhenitsyn saw a new Stalinization approaching, made worse by the terrible sense of Master and Margarita 3repetition, stagnation and helplessness. Such was the monotonously grim atmosphere of the Brezhnev era. And in the midst of it there suddenly burst The Master and Margarita, not only an anomaly but an impossibility, a sort of cosmic error, evidence of some hidden but fatal crack in the system of Soviet power. People kept asking, how could they have let it happen? Bulgakov began work on the rst version of the novel early in 1929, or possibly at the end of 1928. It was abandoned, taken up again, burned, resurrected, recast and revised many times. It accompanied Bulgakov through the period of greatest suffering for his people – the period of forced collectivization and the rst ve-year plan, which decimated Rus- sia's peasantry and destroyed her agriculture, the period of expansion of the system of `corrective labour camps', of the penetration of the secret police into all areas of life, of the liquidation of the intelligentsia, of vast party purges and the Moscow `show trials'. In literature the same strug- gle went on in miniature, and with the same results. Bulgakov was not arrested, but by 1930 he found himself so far excluded that he could no longer publish or produce his work. In an extraordinarily forthright let- ter to the central government, he asked for permission to emigrate, since the hostility of the literary powers made it impossible for him to live. If emigration was not permitted, `and if I am condemned to keep silent in the Soviet Union for the rest of my days, then I ask the Soviet government to give me a job in my speciality and assign me to a theatre as a titular director.' Stalin himself answered this letter by telephone on 17 April, and shortly afterwards the Moscow Art Theatre hired Bulgakov as an assis- tant director and literary consultant. However, during the thirties only his stage adaptations of Gogol's Dead Soulsand Cervantes' Don Quixotewere granted a normal run. His own plays either were not staged at all or were quickly withdrawn, and his Life of Monsieur de Moliere,written in 1932–5 for the collection Lives of Illustrious Men, was rejected by the publisher.

These circumstances are everywhere present in The Master and Margarita, which was in part Bulgakov's challenge to the rule of terror in literature.

The successive stages of his work on the novel, his changing evaluations of the nature of the book and its characters, re ect events in his life and his deepening grasp of what was at stake in the struggle. I will brie y sketch what the study of his archives has made known of this process. The novel in its de nitive version is composed of two distinct but in- terwoven parts, one set in contemporary Moscow, the other in ancient Jerusalem (called Yershalaim). Its central characters are Woland (Satan) and his retinue, the poet Ivan Homeless, Pontius Pilate, an unnamed writer known as `the master ', and Margarita. The Pilate story is condensed into four chapters and focused on four or ve large-scale gures. The Moscow 4 Mikhail Bulgakovstory includes a whole array of minor characters. The Pilate story, which passes through a succession of narrators, nally joins the Moscow story at the end, when the fates of Pilate and the master are simultaneously decided. The earliest version, narrated by a rst-person `chronicler ' and entitled The Engineer's Hoof, was written in the rst few months of 1929.

It contained no trace of Margarita and only a faint hint of the master in a minor character representing the old intelligentsia. The Pilate story was con ned to a single chapter. This version included the essentials of the Moscow satire, which afterwards underwent only minor revisions and re- arrangements. It began in much the same way as the de nitive version, with a dialogue between a people's poet and an editor (here of an anti- religious magazine. The Godless)on the correct portrayal of Christ as an exploiter of the proletariat. A stranger (Woland) appears and, surprised at their unbelief, astounds them with an eyewitness account of Christ's cru- ci xion. This account forms the second chapter, entitled `The Gospel of Woland'. Clearly, what rst spurred Bulgakov to write the novel was his outrage at the portrayals of Christ in Soviet anti-religious propaganda (The Godless was an actual monthly magazine of atheism, published from 1922 to 1940).

His response was based on a simple reversal – a vivid circumstantial nar- rative of what was thought to be a `myth' invented by the ruling class, and a breaking down of the self-evident reality of Moscow life by the intrusion of the `stranger '. This device, fundamental to the novel, would be more fully elaborated in its nal form. Literary satire was also present from the start. The fth chapter of the de nitive version, entitled There were Do- ings at Griboedov's', already appeared intact in this earliest draft, where it was entitled `Mania Furibunda'. In May of 1929, Bulgakov sent this chap- ter to a publisher, who rejected it. This was his only attempt to publish anything from the novel.

The second version, from later in the same year, was a reworking of the rst four chapters, lling out certain episodes and adding the death of Ju- das to the second chapter, which also began to detach itself from Woland and become a more autonomous narrative. According to the author 's wife, Elena Sergeevna, Bulgakov partially destroyed these two versions in the spring of 1930 – `threw them in the re', in the writer 's own words.

What survived were two large notebooks with many pages torn out. This was at the height of the attacks on Bulgakov . in the press, the moment of his letter to the government. After that came some scattered notes in two notebooks, kept intermit- tently over the next two years, which was a very dif cult time for Bul- gakov. In the upper-right-hand corner of the second, he wrote: Master and Margarita 5`Lord, help me to nish my novel, 1931.' In a fragment of a later chapter, entitled `Woland's Flight', there is a reference to someone addressed familiarly as ty,who is told that he `will meet with Schubert and clear mornings'. This is obviously the master, though he is not called so. There is also the rst mention of the name of Margarita. In Bulgakov's mind, the main outlines of a new conception of the novel were evidently already clear.

This new version he began to write in earnest in October of 1932, dur- ing a visit to Leningrad with Elena Sergeevna, whom he had just married.

(The `model' for Margarita, who had now entered the composition, she was previously married to a high-ranking military of cial, who for some time opposed her wish to leave him for the writer, leading Bulgakov to think he would never see her again.) His wife was surprised that he could set to work without having any notes or earlier drafts with him, but Bul- gakov explained, 'I know it by heart.' He continued working, not without long interruptions, until 1936. Various new tides occurred to him, all still referring to Satan as the central gure – The Great Chancellor, Satan, Here I Am, The Black Theologian, He Has Come, The Hoofed Consultant. As in the earliest version, the time of the action is 24– 5 June, the feast of St John, traditionally a time of magic enchantments (later it was moved to the time of the spring full moon). The nameless friend of Margarita is called `Faust' in some notes, though not in the text itself. He is also called `the poet', and is made the author of a novel which corresponds to the `Gospel of Woland' from the rst drafts. This historical section is now broken up and moved to a later place in the novel, coming closer to what would be the arrangement in the nal version.

Bulgakov laboured especially over the conclusion of the novel and what reward to give the master. The ending appears for the rst time in a chapter entitled `Last Flight', dating from July 1956. It differs little from the nal version. In it, however, the master is told explicitly and directly:

The house on Sadovaya and the horrible Bosoy will vanish from your memory, but with them will go Ha-Nozri and the forgiven hegemon. These things are not for your spirit. You will never raise yourself higher, you will not see Yeshua, you will never leave your refuge.

In an earlier note, Bulgakov had written even more tellingly: `You will not hear the liturgy. But you will listen to the romantics...' These words, which do not appear in the de nitive text, tell us how painfully Bulgakov 6 Mikhail Bulgakovweighed the question of cowardice and guilt in considering the fate of his hero, and how we should understand the ending of the nal version. They also indicate a thematic link between Pilate, the master, and the author himself, connecting the historical and contemporary parts of the novel. In a brief reworking from 1936-7, Bulgakov brought the beginning of the Pilate story back to the second chapter, where it would remain, and in another reworking from 1937-8 he nally found the de nitive tide for the novel. In this version, the original narrator, a characterized `chron- icler ', is removed. The new narrator is that uid voice – moving freely from detached observation to ironic double voicing, to the most personal interjection - which is perhaps the nest achievement of Bulgakov's art.

The rst typescript of The Master and Margarita, dating to 1958, was dic- tated to the typist by Bulgakov from this last revision, with many changes along the way. In 1939 he made further alterations in the typescript, the most important of which concerns the fate of the hero and heroine. In the last manuscript version, the fate of the master and Margarita, announced to them by Woland, is to follow Pilate up the path of moonlight to nd Yeshua and peace. In the typescript, the fate of themaster, announced to Woland by Matthew Levi, speaking for Yeshua, is not to follow Pilate but to go to his `eternal refuge' with Margarita, in a rather German-Romantic setting, with Schubert's music and blossoming cherry trees. Asked by Woland, `But why don't you take him with you into the light?' Levi replies in a sorrowful voice, `He does not deserve the light, he deserves peace.' Bulgakov, still pondering the problem of the master 's guilt (and his own, for what he considered various compromises, including his work on a play about Stalin's youth), went back to his notes and revisions from 1936, but lightened their severity with an enigmatic irony. This was to be the de ni- tive resolution. Clearly, the master is not to be seen as a heroic martyr for art or a `Christ- gure'. Bulgakov's gentle irony is a warning against the mistake, more common in our time than we might think, of equating artistic mastery with a sort of saintliness, or, in Kierkegaard's terms, of confusing the aesthetic with the ethical. In the evolution of The Master and Margarita, the Moscow satire of Wola- nd and his retinue versus the literary powers and the imposed normality of Soviet life in general is there from the rst, and comes to involve the master when he appears, acquiring details from the writer 's own life and with them a more personal tone alongside the bantering irreverence of the demonic retinue. The Pilate story, on the other hand, the story of an act of cowardice and an interrupted dialogue, gains in weight and independence as Bulgakov's work progresses. From a single inset episode, it becomes the centrepiece of the novel, setting off the contemporary events and serving Master and Margarita 7as their measure. In style and form it is a counterpoint to the rest of the book. Finally, rather late in the process, the master and Margarita appear, with Margarita coming to dominate the second part of the novel. Her story is a romance in the old sense - the celebration of a beautiful woman, of a true love, and of personal courage. These three stories, in form as well as content, embrace virtually all that was excluded from of cial Soviet ideology and its literature. But if the con nes of `socialist realism' are utterly exploded, so are the con nes of more traditional novelistic realism. The Master and Margaritaas a whole is a consistently free verbal construction which, true to its own premises, can re-create ancient Jerusalem in the smallest physical detail, but can also alter the speci cs of the New Testament and play variations on its prin- cipal gures, can combine the realities of Moscow life with witchcraft, vampirism, the tearing off and replacing of heads, can describe for sev- eral pages the sensation of ight on a broomstick or the gathering of the infamous dead at Satan's annual spring ball, can combine the most acute sense of the fragility of human life with con dence in its indestructibility.

Bulgakov underscores the continuity of this verbal world by having cer- tain phrases – `Oh, gods, my gods', `Bring me poison', `Even by moonlight I have no peace' – migrate from one character to another, or to the narrator.

A more conspicuous case is the Pilate story itself, successive parts of which are told by Woland, dreamed by the poet Homeless, written by the master, and read by Margarita, while the whole preserves its stylistic unity. Nar- row notions of the `imitation of reality' break down here. But The Master and Margarita is true to the broader sense of the novel as a freely develop- ing form embodied in the works of Dostoevsky and Gogol, of Swift and Sterne, of Cervantes, Rabelais and Apuleius. The mobile but personal nar- rative voice of the novel, the closest model for which Bulgakov may have found in Gogol's Dead Souls,is the perfect medium for this continuous verbal construction. There is no multiplicity of narrators in the novel. The voice is always the same. But it has unusual range, picking up, parodying, or ironically undercutting the tones of the novel's many characters, with undertones of lyric and epic poetry and old popular tales. Bulgakov always loved clowning and agreed with E. T. A. Hoffmann that irony and buffoonery are expressions of `the deepest contemplation of life in all its conditionality'. It is not by chance that his stage adapta- tions of the comic masterpieces of Gogol and Cervantes coincided with the writing of The Master and Margarita. Behind such speci c `in uences' stands the age-old tradition of folk humour with its carnivalized world- view, its reversals and dethronings, its relativizing of worldly absolutes – a tradition that was the subject of a monumental study by Bulgakov's 8 Mikhail Bulgakovcountryman and contemporary Mikhail Bakhtin. Bakhtin's Rabelais and His World, which in its way was as much an explosion of Soviet reality as Bulgakov's novel, appeared in 1965, a year before The Master and Mar- garita. The coincidence was not lost on Russian readers. Commenting on it, Bulgakov's wife noted that, while there had never been any direct link between the two men, they were both responding to the same historical situation from the same cultural basis.

Many observations from Bakhtin's study seem to be aimed directly at Bulgakov's intentions, none more so than his comment on Rabelais's trav- esty of the `hidden meaning', the `secret', the `terrifying mysteries' of re- ligion, politics and economics: `Laughter must liberate the gay truth of the world from the veils of gloomy lies spun by the seriousness of fear, suffering, and violence.' The settling of scores is also part of the tradition of carnival laughter. Perhaps the most pure example is the Testamentof the poet Francois Villon, who in the liveliest verse handed out appropriate `legacies' to all his enemies, thus entering into tradition and even earning himself a place in the fourth book of Rabelais's Gargantua and Pantagruel.

So, too, Bakhtin says of Rabelais:

In his novel ... he uses the popular-festive system of images with its charter of freedoms consecrated by many centuries; and he uses it to in- ict a severe punishment upon his foe, the Gothic age ... In this setting of consecrated rights Rabelais attacks the fundamental dogmas and sacra- ments, the holy of holies of medieval ideology.

And he comments further on the broad nature of this tradition:

For thousands of years the people have used these festive comic images to express their criticism, their deep distrust of of cial truth, and their highest hopes and aspirations. Freedom was not so much an exterior right as it was the inner content of these images. It was the thousand-year-old language of feariessness, a language with no reservations and omissions, about the world and about power.

Bulgakov drew on this same source in settling his scores with the cus- todians of of cial literature and of cial reality.

The novel's form excludes psychological analysis and historical com- mentary. Hence the quickness and pungency of Bulgakov's writing. At the same time, it allows Bulgakov to exploit all the theatricality of its great scenes – storms, ight, the attack of vampires, all the antics of the demons Koroviev and Behemoth, the s ´ eance in the Variety theatre, the ball at Sa- tan's, but also the meeting of Pilate and Yeshua, the cruci xion as wit- Master and Margarita 9nessed by Matthew Levi, the murder of Judas in the moonlit garden of Gethsemane.

Bulgakov's treatment of Gospel gures is the most controversial aspect of The Master and Margarita and has met with the greatest incomprehen- sion. Yet his premises are made clear in the very rst pages of the novel, in the dialogue between Woland and the atheist Berlioz. By the deepest irony of all, the `prince of this world' stands as guarantor of the `other ' world.

It exists, since he exists. But he says nothing directly about it. Apart from divine revelation, the only language able to speak of the `other ' world is the language of parable. Of this language Kafka wrote, in his parable `On Parables':

Many complain that the words of the wise are always merely parables and of no use in daily life, which is the only life we have. When the sage says: 'Go over,' he does not mean that we should cross to some actual place, which we could do anyhow if it was worth the trouble; he means some fabulous yonder, something unknown to us, something, too, that he cannot des- ignate more precisely, and therefore cannot help us here in the least. All these parables really set out to say simply that the incomprehensible is incomprehensible, and we know that al- ready. But the cares we have to struggle with every day: that is a different matter.

Concerning this a man once said: Why such reluctance? If you only followed the parables, you yourselves would become parables and with that nd of all your daily cares.

Another said: I bet that is also a parable.

The rst said: You win.

The second said: But unfortunately only in parable.

The rst said: No, in reality. In parable you lose.

A similar dialogue lies at the heart of Bulgakov's novel. In it there are those who belong to parable and those who belong to reality. There are those who go over and those who do not. There are those who win in parable and become parables themselves, and there are those who win in reality. But this reality belongs to Woland. Its nature is made chillingly clear in the brief scene when he and Margarita contemplate his special globe. Woland says: 10 Mikhail Bulgakov`For instance, do you see this chunk of land, washed on one side by the ocean? Look, it's lling with re. A war has started there. If you look closer, you'll see the details.' Margarita leaned towards the globe and saw the little square of land spread out, get painted in many colours, and turn as it were into a relief map. And then she saw the little ribbon of a river, and some village near it. A little house the size of a pea grew and became the size of a matchbox. Suddenly and noiselessly the roof of this house ew up along with a cloud of black smoke, and the walls collapsed, so that nothing was left of the little two-storey box except a small heap with black smoke pouring from it. Bringing her eye stf closer, Margarita made out a small female gure lying on the ground, and next to her, in a pool of blood, a little child with outstretched arms.

That's it,' Woland said, smiling, `he had no time to sin. Abad- don's work is impeccable.' When Margarita asks which side this Abaddon is on, Woland replies: `He is of a rare impartiality and sympathizes equally with both sides of the ght. Owing to that, the results are always the same for both sides.' There are others who dispute Woland's claim to the power of this world.

They are absent or all but absent from The Master and Margarita.But the reality of the world seems to be at their disposal, to be shaped by them and to bear their imprint. Their names are Caesar and Stalin. Though absent in person, they are omnipresent. Their imposed will has become the measure of normality and self-evidence. In other words, the normality of this world is imposed terror. And, as the story of Pilate shows, this is by no means a twentieth-century phenomenon. Once terror is identi ed with the world, it becomes invisible. Bulgakov's portrayal of Moscow under Stalin's terror is remarkable precisely for its weightless, circus-like theatricality and lack of pathos. It is a sub-stanceless reality, an empty suit writing at a desk.

The citizens have adjusted to it and learned to play along as they always do. The mechanism of this forced adjustment is revealed in the chapter recounting `Nikanor Ivanovich's Dream', in which prison, denunciation and betrayal become yet another theatre with a kindly and helpful master of ceremonies. Berlioz, the comparatist, is the spokesman for this `nor- mal' state of affairs, which is what makes his conversation with Woland so Master and Margarita 11interesting. In it he is confronted with another reality which he cannot rec- ognize. He becomes `unexpectedly mortal'. In the story of Pilate, however, a moment of recognition does come. It occurs during Pilate's conversation with Yeshua, when he sees the wandering philosopher 's head oat off and in its place the toothless head of the aged Tiberius Caesar. This is the piv- otal moment of the novel. Pilate breaks off his dialogue with Yeshua, he does not `go over ', and afterwards must sit like a stone for two thousand years waiting to continue their conversation. Parable cuts through the normality of this world only at moments.

These moments are preceded by a sense of dread, or else by a presen- timent of something good. The rst variation is Berlioz's meeting with Woland. The second is Pilate's meeting with Yeshua. The third is the 'self- baptism' of the poet Ivan Homeless before he goes in pursuit of the mys- terious stranger. The fourth is the meeting of the master and Margarita.

These chance encounters have eternal consequences, depending on the response of the person, who must act without foreknowledge and then becomes the consequences of that action.

The touchstone character of the novel is Ivan Homeless, who is there at the start, is radically changed by his encounters with Woland and the master, becomes the latter 's `disciple' and continues his work, is present at almost every turn of the novel's action, and appears nally in the epi- logue. He remains an uneasy inhabitant of `normal' reality, as a historian who `knows everything', but each year, with the coming of the spring full moon, he returns to the parable which for this world looks like folly.

Richard Pevear 12 Mikhail Bulgakov Mikhail Bulgakov –Master and Margarita A Note on the Text and Acknowledgements At his death, Bulgakov left The Master and Margaritain a slightly un n- ished state. It contains, for instance, certain inconsistencies - two versions of the `departure' of the master and Margarita, two versions of Yeshua's entry into Yershalaim, two names for Yeshua's native town. His nal re- visions, undertaken in October of 1939, broke off near the start of Book Two. Later he dictated some additions to his wife, Elena Sergeevna, no- tably the opening paragraph of Chapter 32 ('Gods, my gods! How sad the evening earth!'). Shortly after his death in 1940, Elena Sergeevna made a new typescript of the novel. In 1965, she prepared another typescript for publication, which differs slightly from her 1940 text. This 1965 text was published by Moskvain November 1966 and January 1967. However, the editors of the magazine made cuts in it amounting to some sixty typed pages. These cut portions immediately appeared in samizdat(unof cial Soviet 'self-publishing'), were published by Scherz Verlag in Switzerland in 1967, and were then included in the Possev Verlag edition (Frankfurt- am-Main, 1969) and the YMCA-Press edition (Paris, 1969). In 1975 a new and now complete edition came out in Russia, the result of a comparison of the already published editions with materials in the Bulgakov archive.

It included additions and changes taken from written corrections on other existing typescripts. The latest Russian edition (1990) has removed the most important of those additions, bringing the text close once again to Elena Sergeevna's 1965 typescript. Given the absence of a de nitive autho- rial text, this process of revision is virtually endless. However, it involves changes that in most cases have little bearing for a translator.

The present translation has been made from the text of the original magazine publication, based on Elena Sergeevna's 1965 typescript, with all cuts restored as in the Possev and YMCA-Press editions. It is complete and unabridged.

The translators wish to express their gratitude to M. O. Chudakova for 13 14 Mikhail Bulgakovher advice on the text and to Irina Kronrod for her help in preparing the Further Reading.

Richard Pevear, Larissa Volokhonsky Book I. Mikhail Bulgakov –Master and Margarita Chapter 1 Never Talk with Strangers At the hour of the hot spring sunset two citizens appeared at the Patri- arch's Ponds. 1 One of them, approximately forty years old, dressed in a grey summer suit, was short, dark-haired, plump, bald, and car- ried his respectable fedora hat in his hand. His neatly shaven face was adorned with black horn-rimmed glasses of a supernatural size. The other, a broad-shouldered young man with tousled reddish hair, his checkered cap cocked back on his head, was wearing a cowboy shirt, wrinkled white trousers and black sneakers.

The rst was none other than Mikhail Alexandrovich Berlioz, 2 editor of a fat literary journal and chairman of the board of one of the major Moscow literary associations, called Massolit 3 for short, and his young companion was the poet Ivan Nikolayevich Ponyrev, who wrote under the pseudonym of Homeless. 41 The Patriarch's Ponds: Bulgakov uses the old name for what in 1918 was rechristened `Pioneer Ponds'. Originally these were three ponds, only one of which remains, on the place where Philaret, eighteenth-century patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, had his residence. 2Berlioz: Bulgakov names several of his characters after composers. In addition to Berlioz, there will be the nancial director Rimsky and the psychiatrist Stravinsky. The efforts of critics to nd some meaning behind this fact seem rather strained. 3Massolit: An invented but plausible contraction parodying the many contractions introduced in post-revolutionary Russia. There will be others further on - Dramlit House (House for Dramatists and Literary Workers), ndirector ( nancial director), and so on. 4Homeless: In early versions of the novel, Bulgakov called his poet Bezrodny (`Tast- less' or `Familyless'). Many `proletarian' writers adopted such pen-names, the most fa- mous being Alexei Peshkov, who called himself Maxim Gorky (gorky meaning `bitter ').

Others called themselves Golodny (`Hungry'), Besposhchadny (`Merciless'), Pribludny (`Stray'). Worthy of special note here is the poet E m Pridvorov, who called himself Demian Bedny (`Poor '), author of violent anti-religious poems. It may have been the reading of Bedny that originally sparked Bulgakov's impulse to write The Master and 17 18 Mikhail BulgakovOnce in the shade of the barely greening lindens, the writers dashed rst thing to a brightly painted stand with the sign: `Beer and Soft Drinks.' Ah, yes, note must be made of the rst oddity of this dreadful May evening. There was not a single person to be seen, not only by the stand, but also along the whole walk parallel to Malaya Bronnaya Street. At that hour when it seemed no longer possible to breathe, when the sun, hav- ing scorched Moscow, was collapsing in a dry haze somewhere beyond Sadovoye Ring, no one came under the lindens, no one sat on a bench, the walk was empty.

`Give us seltzer,' Berlioz asked.

`There is no seltzer,' the woman in the stand said, and for some reason became offended.

`Is there beer?' Homeless inquired in a rasping voice.

`Beer 'll be delivered towards evening,' the woman replied.

`Then what is there?' asked Berlioz.

`Apricot soda, only warm,' said the woman.

`Well, let's have it, let's have it! ...' The soda produced an abundance of yellow foam, and the air began to smell of a barber-shop. Having nished drinking, the writers immediately started to hiccup, paid, and sat down on a bench face to the pond and back to Bronnaya.

Here the second oddity occurred, touching Berlioz alone. He suddenly stopped hiccupping, his heart gave a thump and dropped away some- where for an instant, then came back, but with a blunt needle lodged in it.

Besides that, Berlioz was gripped by fear, groundless, yet so strong that he wanted to ee the Ponds at once without looking back.

Berlioz looked around in anguish, not understanding what had fright- ened him. He paled, wiped his forehead with a handkerchief, thought:

`What's the matter with me? This has never happened before. My heart's acting up... I'm overworked... Maybe it's time to send it all to the devil and go to Kislovodsk...' 5 And here the sweltering air thickened before him, and a transparent cit- izen of the strangest appearance wove himself out of it. A peaked jockey's cap on his little head, a short checkered jacket also made of air.

...A citizen seven feet tall, but narrow in the shoulders, unbelievably thin, and, kindly note, with a jeering physiognomy. Margarita. In his Journal of 1925 (the so-called `Con scated Journal' which turned up in the les of the KGB and was published in 1990), Bulgakov noted: `Jesus Christ is pre- sented as a scoundrel and swindler... There is no name for this crime.' 5Kislovodsk: Literally `acid waters', a popular resort in the northern Caucasus, fa- mous for its mineral springs. Master and Margarita 19The life of Berlioz had taken such a course that he was unaccustomed to extraordinary phenomena. Turning paler still, he goggled his eyes and thought in consternation:

`This can't be!...' But, alas, it was, and the long, see-through citizen was swaying before him to the left and to the right without touching the ground.

Here terror took such possession of Berlioz that he shut his eyes. When he opened them again, he saw that it was all over, the phantasm had dis- solved, the checkered one had vanished, and with that the blunt needle had popped out of his heart.

`Pah, the devil!' exclaimed the editor. `You know, Ivan, I nearly had heat stroke just now! There was even something like a hallucination...' He attempted to smile, but alarm still jumped in his eyes and his hands trembled. However, he gradually calmed down, fanned himself with his handkerchief and, having said rather cheerfully: `Well, and so...' went on with the conversation interrupted by their soda-drinking.

This conversation, as was learned afterwards, was about Jesus Christ.

The thing was that the editor had commissioned from the poet a long anti-religious poem for the next issue of his journal. Ivan Nikolaevich had written this poem, and in a very short time, but unfortunately the editor was not at all satis ed with it. Homeless had portrayed the main character of his poem - that is, Jesus - in very dark colours, but nevertheless the whole poem, in the editor 's opinion, had to be written over again. And so the editor was now giving the poet something of a lecture on Jesus, with the aim of underscoring the poet's essential error.

It is hard to say what precisely had let Ivan Nikolaevich down - the descriptive powers of his talent or a total unfamiliarity with the question he was writing about - but his Jesus came out, well, completely alive, the once-existing Jesus, though, true, a Jesus furnished with all negative fea- tures.

Now, Berlioz wanted to prove to the poet that the main thing was not how Jesus was, good or bad, but that this same Jesus, as a person, simply never existed in the world, and all the stories about him were mere ction, the most ordinary mythology.

It must be noted that the editor was a well-read man and in his con- versation very skillfully pointed to ancient historians - for instance, the famous Philo of Alexandria 6 and the brilliantly educated Flavius Jose- 6 Philo of Alexandria: (20 BC–54 AD), Greek philosopher of Jewish origin, a biblical exegete and theologian, in uenced both the Neo-Platonists and early Christian thinkers. 20 Mikhail Bulgakovphus 7 - who never said a word about the existence of Jesus. Displaying a solid erudition, Mikhail Alexandrovich also informed the poet, among other things, that the passage in the fteenth book of Tacitus's famous An- nals, 8 the forty-fourth chapter, where mention is made of the execution of Jesus, was nothing but a later spurious interpolation.

The poet, for whom everything the editor was telling him was new, listened attentively to Mikhail Alexandrovich, xing his pert green eyes on him, and merely hiccupped from time to time, cursing the apricot soda under his breath.

There's not a single Eastern religion,' Berlioz was saying, `in which, as a rule, an immaculate virgin did not give birth to a god. And in just the same way, without inventing anything new, the Christians created their Jesus, who in fact never lived. It's on this that the main emphasis should be placed...' Berlioz's high tenor rang out in the deserted walk, and as Mikhail Alexandrovich went deeper into the maze, which only a highly educated man can go into without risking a broken neck, the poet learned more and more interesting and useful things about the Egyptian Osiris, 9 a benevo- lent god and the son of Heaven and Earth, and about the Phoenician god Tammoz, 10 and about Marduk, 11 and even about a lesser known, terrible god, Vitzliputzli, 12 once greatly venerated by the Aztecs in Mexico. And just at the moment when Mikhail Alexandrovich was telling the poet how the Aztecs used to fashion gurines of Vitzli-putzli out of dough - the rst man appeared in the walk.

Afterwards, when, frankly speaking, it was already too late, various institutions presented reports describing this man. A comparison of them cannot but cause amazement. Thus, the rst of them said that the man was short, had gold teeth, and limped on his right leg. The second, that 7 Flavius Josephus: (57–100 AD), Jewish general and historian, born in Jerusalem, the author of The Jewish War and Antiquities of the Jews. Incidentally, Berlioz is mistaken:

Christ is mentioned in the latter work. 8Tacitus's [famous] Annals: A work, covering the years AD 14-66, by Roman historian Cornelius Tacitus (55–120 AD). He also wrote a History of the years AD 69-70, among other works. Modern scholarship rejects the opinion that the passage Berlioz refers to here is a later interpolation. 9Osiris: Ancient Egyptian protector of the dead, brother and husband of Isis, and father of the hawk-headed Horus, a `corn god', annually killed and resurrected. 10Tammuz: A Syro-Phoenician demi-god, like Osiris a spirit of annual vegetation.

11 Marduk: Babylonian sun-god, leader of a revolt against the old deities and institutor of a new order. 12Vitzliputzli: Also known as Huitzilopochdi, the Aztec god of war, to whom human sacri ces were offered. Master and Margarita 21the man was enormously tall, had platinum crowns, and limped on his left leg. The third laconically averred that the man had no distinguishing marks. It must be acknowledged that none of these reports is of any value.

First of all, the man described did not limp on any leg, and was nei- ther short nor enormous, but simply tall. As for his teeth, he had platinum crowns on the left side and gold on the right. He was wearing an expen- sive grey suit and imported shoes of a matching colour. His grey beret was cocked rakishly over one ear; under his arm he carried a stick with a black knob shaped like a poodle's head. 13 He looked to be a little over forty. Mouth somehow twisted. Clean-shaven. Dark-haired. Right eye black, left - for some reason - green. Dark eyebrows, but one higher than the other. In short, a foreigner. 14 Having passed by the bench on which the editor and the poet were placed, the foreigner gave them a sidelong look, stopped, and suddenly sat down on the next bench, two steps away from the friends.

`A German...' thought Berlioz. `An Englishman...' thought Homeless.

`My, he must be hot in those gloves.' And the foreigner gazed around at the tall buildings that rectangu- larly framed the pond, making it obvious that he was seeing the place for the rst time and that it interested him. He rested his glance on the up- per oors, where the glass dazzlingly re ected the broken-up sun which was for ever departing from Mikhail Alexandrovich, then shifted it lower down to where the windows were beginning to darken before evening, smiled condescendingly at something, narrowed his eves, put his hands on the knob and his chin on his hands.

`For instance, Ivan,' Berlioz was saying, `you portrayed the birth of Je- sus, the son of God, very well and satirically, but the gist of it is that a whole series of sons of God were born before Jesus, like, say, the Phoeni- cian Adonis, 15 the Phrygian Atris, 16 the Persian Mithras. 17 And, to put it brie y, not one of them was born or ever existed, Jesus included, and what's necessary is that, instead of portraying his birth or, suppose, the coming of the Magi, 18 you portray the absurd rumours of their coming. 13 A poodle's head: In Goethe's Faust, Mephistopheles rst gets to Faust by taking the form of a black poodle. 14A foreigner: Foreigners aroused both curiosity and suspicion in Soviet Russia, repre- senting both the glamour of `abroad' and the possibility of espionage. 15Adonis: Greek version of the Syro-Phoenician demi-god Tammuz.

16 Attis: Phrygian god, companion to Cybele. He was castrated and bled to death.

17 Mithras: God of light in ancient Persian Mazdaism.

18 Magi: The three wise men from the east (a magus was a member of the Persian priestly caste) who visited the newborn Jesus (Matt. 2:1–12). 22 Mikhail BulgakovOtherwise it follows from your story that he really was born!...' Here Homeless made an attempt to stop his painful hiccupping by holding his breath, which caused him to hiccup more painfully and loudly, and at that same moment Berlioz interrupted his speech, because the for- eigner suddenly got up and walked towards the writers. They looked at him in surprise.

`Excuse me, please,' the approaching man began speaking, with a for- eign accent but without distorting the words, `if, not being your acquain- tance, I allow myself... but the subject of your learned conversation is so interesting that...' Here he politely took off his beret and the friends had nothing left but to stand up and make their bows.

`No, rather a Frenchman ....' thought Berlioz.

`A Pole? ...' thought Homeless.

It must be added that from his rst words the foreigner made a repel- lent impression on the poet, but Berlioz rather liked him - that is, not liked but ... how to put it ... was interested, or whatever.

`May I sit down?' the foreigner asked politely, and the friends some- how involuntarily moved apart; the foreigner adroitly sat down between them and at once entered into the conversation:

`Unless I heard wrong, you were pleased to say that Jesus never ex- isted?' the foreigner asked, turning his green left eye to Berlioz.

`No, you did not hear wrong,' Berlioz replied courteously, `that is pre- cisely what I was saying.' `Ah, how interesting!' exclaimed the foreigner.

`What the devil does he want?' thought Homeless, frowning.

`And you were agreeing with your interlocutor?' inquired the stranger, turning to Homeless on his right.

`A hundred per cent!' con rmed the man, who was fond of whimsical and gurative expressions.

`Amazing!' exclaimed the uninvited interlocutor and, casting a thievish glance around and muf ing his low voice for some reason, he said:

`Forgive my importunity, but, as I understand, along with everything else, you also do not believe in God?' he made frightened eyes and added:

`I swear I won't tell anyone!' `No, we don't believe in God,' Berlioz replied, smiling slightly at the foreign tourist's fright, but we can speak of it quite freely.' The foreigner sat back on the bench and asked, even with a slight shriek of curiosity:

`You are - atheists?!' Master and Margarita 23Yes, we're atheists,' Berlioz smilingly replied, and Homeless thought, getting angry: `Latched on to us, the foreign goose!' `Oh, how lovely!' the astonishing foreigner cried out and began swivel- ing his head, looking from one writer to the other.

`In our country atheism does not surprise anyone,' Berlioz said with diplomatic politeness. `The majority of our population consciously and long ago ceased believing in the fairytales about God.' Here the foreigner pulled the following stunt: he got up and shook the amazed editor 's hand, accompanying it with these words: 24 Mikhail Bulgakov`Allow me to thank you with all my heart!' `What are you thanking him for?' Homeless inquired, blinking.

`For some very important information, which is of great interest to me as a traveler,' the outlandish fellow explained, raising his nger signi - cantly.

The important information apparendy had indeed produced a strong impression on the traveler, because he passed his frightened glance over the buildings, as if afraid of seeing an atheist in every window.

`No, he's not an Englishman ...' thought Berlioz, and Homeless thought:

`Where'd he pick up his Russian, that's the interesting thing!' and frowned again.

`But, allow me to ask you,' the foreign visitor spoke after some anxious re ection, `what, then, about the proofs of God's existence, of which, as is known, there are exactly ve?' `Alas!' Berlioz said with regret. `Not one of these proofs is worth any- thing, and mankind shelved them long ago. You must agree that in the realm of reason there can be no proof of God's existence.' `Bravo!' cried the foreigner. `Bravo! You have perfectly repeated rest- less old Immanuel's 19 thought in this regard. But here's the hitch: he roundly demolished all ve proofs, and then, as if mocking himself, con- structed a sixth of his own.' `Kant's proof,' the learned editor objected with a subtle smile, `is equal- ly unconvincing. Not for nothing did Schiller 20 say that the Kantian reasoning on this question can satisfy only slaves and Strauss 21 simply laughed at this proof.' Berlioz spoke, thinking all the while: `But, anyhow, who is he? And why does he speak Russian so well?' They ought to take this Kant and give him a three-year stretch in So- lovki 22 for such proofs!' Ivan Nikolaevich plumped quite unexpectedly.

`Ivan!' Berlioz whispered, embarrassed.

But the suggestion of sending Kant to Solovki not only did not shock the foreigner, but even sent him into raptures. 19 Restless old Immanuel: Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), German idealist philosopher, thought that the moral law innate in man implied freedom, immortality and the existence of God. 20Schiller: Friedrich Schiller (1759-1805), German poet and playwright, a liberal ideal- ist. 21Strauss: David Strauss (1808-74), German theologian, author of a Life of Jesus, con- sidered the Gospel story as belonging to the category of myth. 22Solovki: A casual name for the `Solovetsky Special Purpose Camps' located on the site of a former monastery on the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea. They were of especially terrible renown during the thirties. The last prisoners were loaded on a barge and drowned in the White Sea in 1959. Master and Margarita 25`Precisely, precisely,' he cried, and his green left eye, turned to Berlioz, ashed. `Just the place for him! Didn't I tell him that time at breakfast?

– “As you will, Professor, but what you've thought up doesn't hang to- gether. It's clever, maybe, but mighty unclear. You'll be laughed at.” ' Berlioz goggled his eyes. `At breakfast... to Kant? ... What is this drivel?' he thought.

`But,' the outlander went on, unembarrassed by Berlioz's amazement and addressing the poet, `sending him to Solovki is unfeasible, for the simple reason that he has been abiding for over a hundred years now in places considerably more remote than Solovki, and to extract him from there is in no way possible, I assure you.' `Too bad!' the feisty poet responded.

`Yes, too bad!' the stranger agreed, his eye ashing, and went on:

`But here is a question that is troubling me: if there is no God, then, one may ask, who governs human life and, in general, the whole order of things on earth?' `Man governs it himself,' Homeless angrily hastened to reply to this admittedly none-too-clear question. `Pardon me,' the stranger responded gently, `but in order to govern, one needs, after all, to have a precise plan for certain, at least somewhat decent, length of time. Allow me to ask you, then, how man can govern, if he is not only deprived of the opportunity of making a plan for at least some ridiculously short period - well, say, a thousand years - but cannot even vouch for his own tomorrow?

`And in fact,' here the stranger turned to Berlioz, `imagine that you, for instance, start governing, giving orders to others and yourself, generally, so to speak, acquire a taste for it, and suddenly you get ...hem... hem ...

lung cancer...' - here the foreigner smiled sweetly, and if the thought of lung cancer gave him pleasure - `yes, cancer ' - narrowing his eyes like a cat, he repeated the sonorous word - `and so your governing is over!

`You are no longer interested in anyone's fate but your own. Your family starts lying to you. Feeling that something is wrong, you rush to learned doctors, then to quacks, and sometimes to fortune-tellers as well.

Like the rst, so the second and third are completely senseless, as you understand. And it all ends tragically: a man who still recently thought he was governing something, suddenly winds up lying motionless in a wooden box, and the people around him, seeing that the man lying there is no longer good for anything, burn him in an oven. `And sometimes it's worse still: the man has just decided to go to Kislovodsk' - here the foreigner squinted at Berlioz - `a tri ing matter, it seems, but even this he cannot accomplish, because suddenly, no one knows why, he slips and falls under a tram-car! Are you going to say it 26 Mikhail Bulgakovwas he who governed himself that way? Would it not be more correct to think that he was governed by someone else entirely?' And here the unknown man burst into a strange little laugh. Berlioz listened with great attention to the unpleasant story about the cancer and the tram-car, and certain alarming thoughts began to torment him.

`He's not a foreigner... He's not a foreigner...' he thought, `he's a most peculiar specimen ... but, excuse me, who is he then? ...' You'd like to smoke, I see?' the stranger addressed Homeless unex- pectedly. “Which kind do you prefer?' `What, have you got several?' the poet, who had run out of cigarettes, asked glumly. `Which do you prefer?' the stranger repeated.

`Okay - Our Brand,' Homeless replied spitefully.

The unknown man immediately took a cigarette case from his pocket and offered it to Homeless: `Our Brand...' Editor and poet were both struck, not so much by Our Brand precisely turning up in the cigarette case, as by the cigarette case itself. It was of huge size, made of pure gold, and, as it was opened, a diamond triangle ashed white and blue re on its lid. Here the writers thought differently. Berlioz: `No, a foreigner!', and Homeless: `Well, devil take him, eh! ...' The poet and the owner of the cigarette case lit up, but the non-smoker Berlioz declined. `I must counter him like this,' Berlioz decided, `yes, man is mortal, no one disputes that. But the thing is...' However, before he managed to utter these words, the foreigner spoke:

`Yes, man is mortal, but that would be only half the trouble. The worst of it is that he's sometimes unexpectedly mortal - there's the trick! And generally he's unable to say what he's going to do this same evening.' `What an absurd way of putting the question ...' Berlioz thought and objected: `Well, there's some exaggeration here. About this same evening I do know more or less certainly. It goes without saying, if a brick should fall on my head on Bronnaya. . ` `No brick,' the stranger interrupted imposingly, `will ever fall on any- one's head just out of the blue. In this particular case, I assure you, you are not in danger of that at all. You will die a different death.' `Maybe you know what kind precisely?' Berlioz inquired with per- fectly natural irony, getting drawn into an utterly absurd conversation. Master and Margarita 27`And will tell me?' `Willingly,' the unknown man responded. He looked Berlioz up and down as if he were going to make him a suit, muttered through his teeth something like: `One, two ... Mercury in the second house ... moon gone ... six - disaster... evening - seven...' then announced loudly and joyfully:

`Your head will be cut off!' Homeless goggled his eyes wildly and spitefully at the insouciant stran- ger, and Berlioz asked, grinning crookedly:

`By whom precisely? Enemies? Interventionists?' 23 `No,' replied his interlocutor, `by a Russian woman, a Komsomol 24 girl.' `Hm...' Berlioz mumbled, vexed at the stranger 's little joke, `well, ex- cuse me, but that's not very likely.' `And I beg you to excuse me,' the foreigner replied, `but it's so. Ah, yes, I wanted to ask you, what are you going to do tonight, if it's not a secret?' `It's not a secret. Right now I'll stop by my place on Sadovaya, and then at ten this evening there will be a meeting at Massolit, and I will chair it.' `No, that simply cannot be,' the foreigner objected rmly.

`Why not?' `Because,' the foreigner replied and, narrowing his eyes, looked into the sky, where, anticipating the cool of the evening, black birds were trac- ing noiselessly, `Annushka has already bought the sun ower oil, and has not only bought it, but has already spilled it. So the meeting will not take place.' Here, quite understandably, silence fell under the lindens.

`Forgive me,' Berlioz spoke after a pause, glancing at the drivel-spout- ing foreigner, `but what has sun ower oil got to do with it ... and which Annushka?' `Sun ower oil has got this to do with it,' Homeless suddenly spoke, obviously deciding to declare war on the uninvited interlocutor. `Have you ever happened, citizen, to be in a hospital for the mentally ill?' `Ivan! ...' Mikhail Alexandrovich exclaimed quietly. But the foreigner was not a bit offended and burst into the merriest laughter.

`I have, I have, and more than once!' he cried out, laughing, but with- out taking his unlaughing eye off the poet. `Where haven't I been! Only 23 Enemies? Interventionists?: There was constant talk in the early Soviet period of `ene- mies of the revolution' and `foreign interventionists' seeking to subvert the new workers' state. 24Komsomol: Contraction of the Union of Communist Youth, which all good Soviet young people were expected to join. 28 Mikhail Bulgakovit's too bad I didn't get around to asking the professor what schizophrenia is. So you will have to nd that out from him yourself, Ivan Nikolaevich!' `How do you know my name?' `Gracious, Ivan Nikolaevich, who doesn't know you?' Here the for- eigner took out of his pocket the previous day's issue of the Literary Ga- zette, and Ivan Nikolaevich saw his own picture on the very rst page and under it his very own verses. But the proof of fame and popularity, which yesterday had delighted the poet, this time did not delight him a bit.

`Excuse me,' he said, and his face darkened, `could you wait one little moment? I want to say a couple of words to my friend.' `Oh, with pleasure!' exclaimed the stranger. `It's so nice here under the lindens, and, by the way, I'm not in any hurry.' `Listen here, Misha,' the poet whispered, drawing Berlioz aside, `he's no foreign tourist, he's a spy. A Russian emigre 25 who has crossed back over. Ask for his papers before he gets away...' `YOU think so?' Berlioz whispered worriedly, and thought: `Why, he's right...' `Believe me,' the poet rasped into his ear, `he's pretending to be a fool in order to nd out something or other. Just hear how he speaks Russian.' As he spoke, the poet kept glancing sideways, to make sure the stranger did not escape. `Let's go and detain him, or he'll get away...' And the poet pulled Berlioz back to the bench by the arm.

The unknown man was not sitting, but was standing near it, holding in his hands some booklet in a dark-grey binding, a sturdy envelope made of good paper, and a visiting card.

`Excuse me for having forgotten, in the heat of our dispute, to intro- duce myself. Here is my card, my passport, and an invitation to come to Moscow for a consultation,' the stranger said weightily, giving both writ- ers a penetrating glance.

They were embarrassed. `The devil, he heard everything...' Berlioz thought, and with a polite gesture indicated that there was no need to show papers. While the foreigner was pushing them at the editor, the poet managed to make out the word `Professor ' printed in foreign type on the card, and the initial letter of the last name - a double `V' - `W'.

`My pleasure,' the editor meanwhile muttered in embarrassment, and the foreigner put the papers back in his pocket.

Relations were thus restored, and all three sat down on the bench again. 25 A Russian emigre: Many Russians opposed to the revolution emigrated abroad, forming important `colonies' in various capitals - Berlin, Paris, Prague, Harbin, Shang- hai - where they remained potential spies and interventionists. Master and Margarita 29`You've been invited here as a consultant, Professor?' asked Berlioz.

`Yes, as a consultant.' `You're German?' Homeless inquired.

`I? ...' the professor repeated and suddenly fell to thinking. `Yes, per- haps I am German ...' he said. `YOU speak real good Russian,' Homeless observed.

`Oh, I'm generally a polyglot and know a great number of languages,' the professor replied. `And what is your eld?' Berlioz inquired.

`I am a specialist in black magic.' There he goes!...' struck in Mikhail Alexandrovich's head.

`And ... and you've been invited here in that capacity?' he asked, stam- mering. `Yes, in that capacity,' the professor con rmed, and explained: `In a state library here some original manuscripts of the tenth-century necro- mancer Gerbert of Aurillac 26 have been found. So it is necessary for me to sort them out. I am the only specialist in the world.' `Aha! You're a historian?' Berlioz asked with great relief and respect.

`I am a historian,' the scholar con rmed, and added with no rhyme or reason: This evening there will be an interesting story at the Ponds!' Once again editor and poet were extremely surprised, but the profes- sor beckoned them both to him, and when they leaned towards him, whis- pered:

`Bear in mind that Jesus did exist.' `You see. Professor,' Berlioz responded with a forced smile, `we respect your great learning, but on this question we hold to a different point of view.' `There's no need for any points of view,' the strange professor replied, `he simply existed, that's all.' `But there's need for some proof...' Berlioz began.

`There's no need for any proofs,' replied the professor, and he began to speak softly, while his accent for some reason disappeared: `It's all very simple: In a white cloak with blood-red lining, with the shuf ing gait of a cavalryman, early in the morning of the fourteenth day of the spring month of Nissan...' 2726 Gerbert of Aurillac: (958-1005), theologian and mathematician, popularly taken to be a magician and alchemist. He became pope in 999 under the name of Sylvester II. 27Nisan: The seventh month of the Jewish lunar calendar, twenty-nine days in length.

The fteenth day of Nisan (beginning at sundown on the fourteenth) is the start of the feast of Passover, commemorating the exodus of the Jews from Egypt. Mikhail Bulgakov –Master and Margarita Chapter 2 Pontius Pilate In a white cloak with blood-red lining, with the shuf ing gait of a caval- ryman, early in the morning of the fourteenth day of the spring month of Nisan, there came out to the covered colonnade between the two wings of the palace of Herod the Great 1 the procurator of Judea, 2 Pontius Pilate. 3 More than anything in the world the procurator hated the smell of rose oil, and now everything foreboded a bad day, because this smell had been pursuing the procurator since dawn.

It seemed to the procurator that a rosy smell exuded from the cypresses and palms in the garden, that the smell of leather trappings and sweat from the convoy was mingled with the cursed rosy ux.

From the outbuildings at the back of the palace, where the rst cohort of the Twelfth Lightning legion, 4 which had come to Yershalaim 5 with the procurator, was quartered, a whiff of smoke reached the colonnade 1 Herod the Great (?75 BC–AD 4), a clever politician whom the Romans rewarded for his services by making king of Judea, an honour he handed on to his son and grandson. 2Judea: The southern part of Palestine, subject to Rome since 65 BC, named for Judah, fourth son of Jacob. In AD 6 it was made a Roman province with the procurator 's seat at Caesarea. 3Pontius Pilate: Roman procurator of Judea from about AD 26 to 56. Outside the Gospels, virtually nothing is known of him, though he is mentioned in the passage from Tacitus referred to above. Bulgakov drew details for his portrayal of the procurator from ctional lives of Jesus by P. W. Farrar (1851-1905), Dean of Canterbury Cathedral, and by Ernest Renan (1825-92), French historian and lapsed Catholic, as well as by the previously mentioned David Strauss. 4Twelfth Lightning legion: Bulgakov translates the actual Latin nickname ( julmi-nata) by which the Twelfth legion was known at least as early as the time of the emperors Nerva and Trajan (late rst century AD), and probably earlier. 5Yershalaim: An alternative transliteration from Hebrew of the name of Jerusalem. In certain other cases as well, Bulgakov has preferred the distancing effect of these alterna- tives: Yeshua for Jesus, Kaifafor Caiaphas, Kiriathfor Iscariot.

30 Master and Margarita 31across the upper terrace of the palace, and this slightly acrid smoke, which testi ed that the centuries' mess cooks had begun to prepare dinner, was mingled with the same thick rosy scent.

`Oh, gods, gods, why do you punish me? ... Yes, no doubt, this is it, this is it again, the invincible, terrible illness... hemicrania, when half of the head aches ... there's no remedy for it, no escape ... I'll try not to move my head...' On the mosaic oor by the fountain a chair was already prepared, and the procurator, without looking at anyone, sat in it and reached his hand out to one side. His secretary deferentially placed a sheet of parchment in this hand. Unable to suppress a painful grimace, the procurator ran a cursory, sidelong glance over the writing, returned the parchment to the secretary, and said with dif culty:

`The accused is from Galilee? 6 Was the case sent to the tetrarch?' `Yes, Procurator,' replied the secretary.

`And what then?' `He refused to make a decision on the case and sent the Sanhedrin's 7 death sentence to you for con rmation,' the secretary explained. The procurator twitched his cheek and said quietly:

`Bring in the accused.' And at once two legionaries brought a man of about twenty-seven from the garden terrace to the balcony under the columns and stood him before the procurator 's chair. The man was dressed in an old and torn light-blue chiton. His head was covered by a white cloth with a leather band around the forehead, and his hands were bound behind his back. Under the man's left eye there was a large bruise, in the corner of his mouth a cut caked with blood.

The man gazed at the procurator with anxious curiosity.

The latter paused, then asked quietly in Aramaic: 8 `So it was you who incited the people to destroy the temple of Yersha- laim?' 9 6 Galilee: The northern part of Palestine, green and fertile, with its capital at Tiberias on the Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinnereth). In Galilee at that time, the tetrarch (ruler of one of the four Roman subdivisions of Palestine) was Herod Antipas, son of Herod the Great.

According to the Gospel of Luke (25:7– 11), Herod Antipas was in Jerusalem at the time of Christ's cruci xion. 7Sanhedrin: The highest Jewish legislative and judicial body, headed by the high priest of the temple in Jerusalem. The lower courts of justice were called lesser sanhedrins. 8Aramaic: Name of the northern branch of Semitic languages, used extensively in south-west Asia, adopted by the Jews after the Babylonian captivity in the late sixth cen- tury BC. 9the temple of Yershalaim: Built by King Solomon (tenth century BC), the rst temple 32 Mikhail BulgakovThe procurator sat as if made of stone while he spoke, and only his lips moved slightly as he pronounced the words. The procurator was as if made of stone because he was afraid to move his head, a ame with infernal pain.

The man with bound hands leaned forward somewhat and began to speak:

`Good man! Believe me ...' But me procurator, motionless as before and not raising his voice in the least, straight away interrupted him:

`Is it me that you are calling a good man? You are mistaken. It is whis- pered about me in Yershalaim that I am a erce monster, and that is per- fectly correct.' And he added in the same monotone: `Bring the centurion Ratslayer.' It seemed to everyone that it became darker on the balcony when the centurion of the rst century, Mark, nicknamed Ratslayer, presented him- self before the procurator. Ratslayer was a head taller than the tallest sol- dier of the legion and so broad in the shoulders that he completely blocked out the still-low sun.

The procurator addressed the centurion in Latin:

`The criminal calls me “good man”. Take him outside for a moment, explain to him how I ought to be spoken to. But no maiming.' And everyone except the motionless procurator followed Mark Rat- slayer with their eyes as he motioned to the arrested man, indicating that he should go with him. Everyone generally followed Ratslayer with their eyes wherever he appeared, because of his height, and those who were seeing him for the rst time also because the centurion's face was dis g- ured: his nose had once been smashed by a blow from a Germanic club.

Mark's heavy boots thudded across the mosaic, the bound man noise- lessly went out with him, complete silence fell in the colonnade, and one could hear pigeons cooing on the garden terrace near the balcony and wa- ter singing an intricate, pleasant song in the fountain.

The procurator would have liked to get up, put his temple under the spout, and stay standing that way. But he knew that even that would not help him. was destroyed by the Babylonian invaders in 586 BC. The second temple, built in 557–515 BC, rebuilt and embellished by Herod the Great, was destroyed by Titus in AD 70. No third temple has been built. One of the accusations against Jesus in the Gospels was that he threatened to destroy the temple (see Mark 15:1-2,14:58). It may be well to note here that Bulgakov's Yeshua is not intended as a faithful depiction of Jesus or as a 'revisionist' alternative to the Christ of the Gospels, though he does borrow a number of details from the Gospels in portraying him. Master and Margarita 33Having brought the arrested man from under the columns out to the garden, Ratslayer took a whip from the hands of a legionary who was standing at the foot of a bronze statue and, swinging easily, struck the arrested man across the shoulders. The centurion's movement was casual and light, yet the bound man instantly collapsed on the ground as if his legs had been cut from under him; he gasped for air, the colour drained from his face, and his eyes went vacant.

With his left hand only Mark heaved the fallen man into the air like an empty sack, set him on his feet, and spoke nasally, in poorly pronounced Aramaic:

`The Roman procurator is called Hegemon. 10 Use no other words.

Stand at attention. Do you understand me, or do I hit you?' The arrested man swayed, but got hold of himself, his colour returned, he caught his breath and answered hoarsely:

I understand. Don't beat me.' A moment later he was again standing before the procurator.

A lusterless, sick voice sounded:

`Name?' `Mine?' the arrested man hastily responded, his whole being express- ing a readiness to answer sensibly, without provoking further wrath.

The procurator said softly:

`I know my own. Don't pretend to be stupider than you are. Yours.' `Yeshua,' 11 the prisoner replied promptly.

`Any surname?' `Ha-Nozri.' `Where do you come from?' `The town of Gamala,' 12 replied the prisoner, indicating with his head that there, somewhere far off to his right, in the north, was the town of Gamala.

`Who are you by blood?' `I don't know exactly,' the arrested man replied animatedly, `I don't remember my parents. I was told that my father was a Syrian...' `Where is your permanent residence?' `I have no permanent home,' the prisoner answered shyly, `I travel from town to town.' 10 Hegemon: Greek for `leader ' or `governor '.

11 Yeshua: Aramaic for `the lord is salvation'. Ha-Nozri means `of Nazareth', the town in Galilee where Jesus lived before beginning his public ministry. 12Gamala: A town north-east of Tiberias on the Sea of Galilee, not traditionally con- nected with Jesus. 34 Mikhail Bulgakov`That can be put more brie y, in a word – a vagrant,' the procurator said, and asked:

`Any family?' `None. I'm alone in the world.' `Can you read and write?' `Yes.' `Do you know any language besides Aramaic?' `Yes. Greek.' A swollen eyelid rose, an eye clouded with suffering xed the arrested Master and Margarita 35man. The other eye remained shut.

Pilate spoke in Greek.

`So it was you who was going to destroy the temple building and called on the people to do that?' Here the prisoner again became animated, his eyes ceased to show fear, and he spoke in Greek:

`Never, goo...' Here terror ashed in the prisoner 's eyes, because he had nearly made a slip. `Never, Hegemon, never in my life was I going to destroy the temple building, nor did I incite anyone to this senseless act.' Surprise showed on the face of the secretary, hunched over a low table and writing down the testimony. He raised his head, but immediately bent it to the parchment again.

`All sorts of people gather in this town for the feast. Among them there are magicians, astrologers, diviners and murderers,' the procurator spoke in monotone, `and occasionally also liars. You, for instance, are a liar. It is written clearly: “Incited to destroy the temple”. People have testi ed to it.' `These good people,' the prisoner spoke and, hastily adding `Hege- mon', went on: `...haven't any learning and have confused everything I told them. Generally, I'm beginning to be afraid that this confusion may go on for a very long time. And all because he writes down the things I say incorrectly.' Silence fell. By now both sick eyes rested heavily on the prisoner.

`I repeat to you, but for the last time, stop pretending that you're a madman, robber,' Pilate said softly and monotonously, `there's not much written in your record, but what there is enough to hang you.' `No, no, Hegemon,' the arrested man said, straining all over in his wish to convince, `there's one with a goatskin parchment who follows me, fol- lows me and keeps writing all the time. But once I peeked into this parch- ment and was horri ed. I said decidedly nothing of what's written there.

I implored him: “Burn your parchment, I beg you!” But he tore it out of my hands and ran away.' `Who is that?' Pilate asked squeamishly and touched his temple with his hand.

`Matthew Levi,' 13 the prisoner explained willingly. `He used to be a tax collector, and I rst met him on the road in Bethphage,' 14 where a g 13 Matthew Levi: Compare the Matthew Levi of the Gospels, a former tax collector, one of the twelve disciples (Matt. 9:9, Mark 2:14, Luke 5:27), author of the rst Gospel. Again, Bulgakov's character is not meant as an accurate portrayal of Christ's disciple (about whom virtually nothing is known) but is a free variation on the theme of discipleship. 14Bethphage: Hebrew for `house of gs', the name of a village near Jerusalem which 36 Mikhail Bulgakovgrove juts out at an angle, and I got to talking with him. He treated me hostilely at rst and even insulted me - that is, thought he insulted me - by calling me a dog.' Here the prisoner smiled. `I personally see nothing bad about this animal, that I should be offended by this word...' The secretary stopped writing and stealthily cast a surprised glance, not at the arrested man, but at the procurator.

`... However, after listening to me, he began to soften,' Yeshua went on, ` nally threw the money down in the road and said he would go journey- ing with me...' Pilate grinned with one cheek, baring yellow teeth, and said, turning his whole body towards the secretary:

`Oh, city of Yershalaim! What does one not hear in it! A tax collector, do you hear, threw money down in the road!' Not knowing how to reply to that, the secretary found it necessary to repeat Pilate's smile.

`He said that henceforth money had become hateful to him,' Yeshua explained Matthew Levi's strange action and added: `And since then he has been my companion.' His teeth still bared, the procurator glanced at the arrested man, then at the sun, steadily rising over the equestrian statues of the hippodrome, which lay far below to the right, and suddenly, in some sickening anguish, thought that the simplest thing would be to drive this strange robber off the balcony by uttering just two words: `Hang him.' To drive the convoy away as well, to leave the colonnade, go into the palace, order the room darkened, collapse on the bed, send for cold water, call in a plaintive voice for his dog Banga, and complain to him about the hemicrania. And the thought of poison suddenly ashed temptingly in the procurator 's sick head.

He gazed with dull eyes at the arrested man and was silent for a time, painfully trying to remember why there stood before him in the pitiless morning sunlight of Yershalaim this prisoner with his face dis gured by beating, and what other utterly unnecessary questions he had to ask him.

`Matthew Levi?' the sick man asked in a hoarse voice and closed his eyes.

`Yes, Matthew Levi,' the high, tormenting voice came to him.

`And what was it in any case that you said about the temple to the crowd in the bazaar?' The responding voice seemed to stab at Pilate's temple, was inexpress- ibly painful, and this voice was saying: Jesus passed through on his nal journey to the city. Master and Margarita 37`I said, Hegemon, that the temple of the old faith would fall and a new temple of truth would be built. I said it that way so as to make it more understandable.' `And why did you stir up the people in the bazaar, you vagrant, talking about the truth, of which you have no notion? What is truth?' 15 And here the procurator thought: `Oh, my gods! I'm asking him about something unnecessary at a trial... my reason no longer serves me...' And again he pictured a cup of dark liquid. `Poison, bring me poison...' And again he heard the voice:

`The truth is, rst of all, that your head aches, and aches so badly that you're having faint-hearted thoughts of death. You're not only unable to speak to me, but it is even hard for you to look at me. And I am now your unwilling torturer, which upsets me. You can't even think about anything and only dream that your dog should come, apparently the one being you are attached to. But your suffering will soon be over, your headache will go away.' The secretary goggled his eyes at the prisoner and stopped writing in mid-word.

Pilate raised his tormented eyes to the prisoner and saw that the sun already stood quite high over the hippodrome, that a ray had penetrated the colonnade and was stealing towards Yeshua's worn sandals, and that the man was trying to step out of the sun's way.

Here the procurator rose from his chair, clutched his head with his hands, and his yellowish, shaven face expressed dread. But he instantly suppressed it with his will and lowered himself into his chair again.

The prisoner meanwhile continued his speech, but the secretary was no longer writing it down, and only stretched his neck like a goose, trying not to let drop a single word.

`Well, there, it's all over,' the arrested man said, glancing benevolently at Pilate, `and I'm extremely glad of it. I'd advise you, Hegemon, to leave the palace for a while and go for a stroll somewhere in the vicinity - say, in the gardens on the Mount of Olives. 16 A storm will come...' the prisoner turned, narrowing his eyes at the sun, `...later on, towards evening. A stroll would do you much good, and I would be glad to accompany you.

Certain new thoughts have occurred to me, which I think you might nd interesting, and I'd willingly share them with you, the more so as you give 15 What is truth?: Pilate's question to Christ in the Gospel of John (18:58).

16 the Mount of Olives: A hill to the east of Jerusalem. At the foot of this hill is Geth- semane ('the olive press'), just across the stream of Kedron. It was here that Christ was arrested (Matt. 26:56, Mark 14:52, Luke 22:59, John 18:1). These places will be important later in the novel. 38 Mikhail Bulgakovthe impression of being a very intelligent man.' The secretary turned deathly pale and dropped the scroll on the oor.

`The trouble is,' the bound man went on, not stopped by anyone, `that you are too closed off and have de nitively lost faith in people. You must agree, one can't place all one's affection in a dog. Your life is impoverished, Hegemon.' And here the speaker allowed himself to smile.

The secretary now thought of only one thing, whether to believe his ears or not. He had to believe. Then he tried to imagine precisely what whimsical form the wrath of the hot-tempered procurator would take at this unheard-of impudence from the prisoner. And this the secretary was unable to imagine, though he knew the procurator well.

Then came the cracked, hoarse voice of the procurator, who said in Latin:

`Unbind his hands.' One of the convoy legionaries rapped with his spear, handed it to an- other, went over and took the ropes off the prisoner. The secretary picked up his scroll, having decided to record nothing for now, and to be sur- prised at nothing.

`Admit,' Pilate asked softly in Greek, `that you are a great physician?' `No, Procurator, I am not a physician,' the prisoner replied, delightedly rubbing a crimped and swollen purple wrist.

Scowling deeply, Pilate bored the prisoner with his eyes, and these eyes were no longer dull, but ashed with sparks familiar to all.

`I didn't ask you,' Pilate said, `maybe you also know Latin?' `Yes, I do,' the prisoner replied.

Colour came to Pilate's yellowish cheeks, and he asked in Latin:

`How did you know I wanted to call my dog?' `It's very simple,' the prisoner replied in Latin. `You were moving your hand in the air ' - and the prisoner repeated Pilate's gesture - `as if you wanted to stroke something, and your lips...' `Yes,' said Pilate.

There was silence. Then Pilate asked a question in Greek:

`And so, you are a physician?' `No, no,' the prisoner replied animatedly, `believe me, I'm not a physi- cian.' `Very well, then, if you want to keep it a secret, do so. It has no direct bearing on the case. So you maintain that you did not incite anyone to destroy ... or set re to, or in any other way demolish the temple?' `I repeat, I did not incite anyone to such acts, Hegemon. Do I look like a halfwit?' Master and Margarita 39`Oh, no, you don't look like a halfwit,' the procurator replied quietly and smiled some strange smile. `Swear, then, that it wasn't so.' `By what do you want me to swear?' the unbound man asked, very animated.

`Well, let's say, by your life,' the procurator replied. `It's high time you swore by it, since it's hanging by a hair, I can tell you.' `You don't think it was you who hung it, Hegemon?' the prisoner asked.

`If so, you are very mistaken.' Pilate gave a start and replied through his teeth:

`I can cut that hair.' `In that, too, you are mistaken,' the prisoner retorted, smiling brightly and shielding himself from the sun with his hand. `YOU must agree that surely only he who hung it can cut the hair?' `So, so,' Pilate said, smiling, `now I have no doubts that the idle loafers of Yershalaim followed at your heels. I don't know who hung such a tongue on you, but he hung it well. Incidentally, tell me, is it true that you entered Yershalaim by the Susa gate 17 riding on an ass, 18 accompa- nied by a crowd of riff-raff who shouted greetings to you as some kind of prophet?' Here the procurator pointed to the parchment scroll.

The prisoner glanced at the procurator in perplexity.

`I don't even have an ass, Hegemon,' he said. `I did enter Yershalaim by the Susa gate, but on foot, accompanied only by Matthew Levi, and no one shouted anything to me, because no one in Yershalaim knew me then.' `Do you happen to know,' Pilate continued without taking his eyes off the prisoner, `such men as a certain Dysmas, another named Gestas, and a third named Bar-Rabban?' 19 `I do not know these good people,' the prisoner replied.

`Truly?' `Truly.' `And now tell me, why is it that you use me words “good people” all the time? Do you call everyone that, or what?' `Everyone,' the prisoner replied. There are no evil people in the world.' 17 The Susa gate: Also known as the Golden gate, on the east side of Jerusalem, facing the Mount of Olives. 18riding on an ass: The Gospels are unanimous in describing Christ's entry into Jerusalem riding on an ass (Matt. 21:1–11, Mark 11:1–11, Luke 19:28–58, John 12:12–19). 19Dysmas ... Gestas ... Bar-Rabban: The rst two are the thieves cruci ed with Christ; not given in the canonical Gospels, the names here come from the apocryphal Gospel of Nicodemus (part of which is known as `the Acts of Pilate'), one of Bulgakov's references during the writing of the novel. The third is a variant on the Barabbas of the Gospels. 40 Mikhail Bulgakov`The rst I hear of it,' Pilate said, grinning. `But perhaps I know too little of life! ...

You needn't record any more,' he addressed the secretary, who had not recorded anything anyway, and went on talking with the prisoner. `YOU read that in some Greek book?' `No, I gured it out for myself.' `And you preach it?' `Yes.' `But take, for instance, the centurion Mark, the one known as Ratslayer - is he good?' `Yes,' replied the prisoner. `True, he's an unhappy man. Since the good people dis gured him, he has become cruel and hard. I'd be curious to know who maimed him.' `I can willingly tell you that,' Pilate responded, `for I was a witness to it.

The good people fell on him like dogs on a bear. There were Germans fas- tened on his neck, his arms, his legs. The infantry maniple was encircled, and if one ank hadn't been cut by a cavalry turmae, of which I was the commander - you, philosopher, would not have had the chance to speak with the Rat-slayer. That was at the battle of Idistaviso, 20 in the Valley of the Virgins.' `If I could speak with him,' the prisoner suddenly said musingly, `I'm sure he'd change sharply.' `I don't suppose,' Pilate responded, `that you'd bring much joy to the legate of the legion if you decided to talk with any of his of cers or sol- diers. Anyhow, it's also not going to happen, fortunately for everyone, and I will be the rst to see to it.' At that moment a swallow swiftly itted into the colonnade, described a circle under the golden ceiling, swooped down, almost brushed the face of a bronze statue in a niche with its pointed wing, and disappeared be- hind the capital of a column. It may be that it thought of nesting there.

During its ight, a formula took shape in the now light and lucid head of the procurator. It went like this: the hegemon has looked into the case of the vagrant philosopher Yeshua, alias Ha-Nozri, and found in it no grounds for indictment. In particular, he has found not the slightest con- nection between the acts of Yeshua and the disorders that have lately taken place in Yershalaim. The vagrant philosopher has proved to be mentally ill. Consequently, the procurator has not con rmed the death sentence 20 Idistaviso: Mentioned in Tacitus's Annals (2:16) as the site of a battle between the Romans and the Germani in AD 16, on the right bank of the Weser, in which the Roman general Germanicus defeated the army of Arminius. Master and Margarita 41on Ha-Nozri passed by the Lesser Sanhedrin. But seeing that Ha-Nozri's mad utopian talk might cause disturbances in Yershalaim, the procurator is removing Yeshua from Yershalaim and putting him under con nement in Stratonian Caesarea on the Mediterranean - that is, precisely where the procurator 's residence was.

It remained to dictate it to the secretary.

The swallow's wings whif ed right over the hegemon's head, the bird darted to the fountain basin and then ew out into freedom. The procu- rator raised his eyes to the prisoner and saw the dust blaze up in a pillar around him.

`Is that all about him?' Pilate asked the secretary.

`Unfortunately not,' the secretary replied unexpectedly and handed Pi- late another piece of parchment.

`What's this now?' Pilate asked and frowned.

Having read what had been handed to him, he changed countenance even more: Either the dark blood rose to his neck and face, or something else happened, only his skin lost its yellow tinge, turned brown, and his eyes seemed to sink.

Again it was probably owing to the blood rising to his temples and throbbing in them, only something happened to the procurator 's vision.

Thus, he imagined that the prisoner 's head oated off somewhere, and another appeared in its place. 21 On this bald head sat a scant-pointed golden diadem. On the fore- head was a round canker, eating into the skin and smeared with ointment.

A sunken, toothless mouth with a pendulous, capricious lower lip. It seemed to Pilate that the pink columns of the balcony and the rooftops of Yershalaim far below, beyond the garden, vanished, and everything was drowned in the thickest green of Caprean gardens. And something strange also happened to his hearing: it was as if trumpets sounded far away, muted and menacing, and a nasal voice was very clearly heard, ar- rogantly drawling: `The law of lese-majesty...' Thoughts raced, short, incoherent and extraordinary: `I'm lost! ...' then: `We're lost! ...' And among them a totally absurd one, about some immortality, which immortality for some reason provoked unendurable anguish. 21 Another appeared in its place: Pilate's nightmarish vision is of the aged emperor Tiberius (42 BC-AD 57), who spent many years in seclusion on the island of Capri, where he succumbed to all sorts of vicious passions. The law of lese-majesty (offence against the sovereign people or authority) existed in Rome under the republic; it was revived by Augustus and given wide application by Tiberius. 42 Mikhail BulgakovPilate strained, drove the apparition away, his gaze returned to the bal- cony, and again the prisoner 's eyes were before him.

`Listen, Ha-Nozri,' the procurator spoke, looking at Yeshua somehow strangely: the procurator 's face was menacing, but his eyes were alarmed, 'did you ever say anything about the great Caesar? Answer! Did you?...Yes ... or ... no?' Pilate drew the word `no' out somewhat longer than is done in court, and his glance sent Yeshua some thought that he wished as if to instill in the prisoner.

`To speak the truth is easy and pleasant,' the prisoner observed.

`I have no need to know,' Pilate responded in a sti ed, angry voice, `whether it is pleasant or unpleasant for you to speak the truth. You will have to speak it anyway. But, as you speak, weigh every word, unless you want a not only inevitable but also painful death.' No one knew what had happened with the procurator of Judea, but he allowed himself to raise his hand as if to protect himself from a ray of sunlight, and from behind his hand, as from behind a shield, to send the prisoner some sort of prompting look.

`Answer, then,' he went on speaking, `do you know a certain Judas from Kiriath, 22 and what precisely did you say to him about Caesar, if you said anything?' `It was like this,' the prisoner began talking eagerly. The evening before last, near the temple, I made the acquaintance of a young man who called himself Judas, from the town of Kiriath. He invited me to his place in the Lower City and treated me to...' `A good man?' Pilate asked, and a devilish re ashed in his eyes.

`A very good man and an inquisitive one,' the prisoner con rmed. `He showed the greatest interest in my thoughts and received me very cor- dially...' `Lit the lamps...' 23 Pilate spoke through his teeth, in the same tone as the prisoner, and his eyes glinted.

`Yes,' Yeshua went on, slightly surprised that the procurator was so well informed, `and asked me to give my view of state authority. He was extremely interested in this question.' `And what did you say?' asked Pilate. `Or are you going to reply that 22 Judas from Kiriath: Bulgakov's variant of Judas Iscariot is developed quite differently from the Judas of the Gospel accounts, though they have in common their betrayal and the reward they get for it from the high priest. 23Lit the lamps: According to B. V. Sokolov's commentary to the Vysshaya Shkola edi- tion of the novel (Leningrad, 1989), the law demanded that lights be lit so that the con- cealed witnesses for the accusation could see the face of the criminal. This would explain Pilate's unexpected knowledge. Master and Margarita 43you've forgotten what you said?' But there was already hopelessness in Pilate's tone.

`Among other things,' the prisoner recounted, `I said that all authority is violence over people, and that a time will come when there will be no authority of the Caesars, nor any other authority. Man will pass into the kingdom of truth and justice, where generally there will be no need for any authority.' `Go on!' `I didn't go on,' said the prisoner. `Here men ran in, bound me, and took me away to prison.' The secretary, trying not to let drop a single word, rapidly traced the words on his parchment.

`There never has been, is not, and never will be any authority in this world greater or better for people than the authority of the emperor Tibe- rius!' Pilate's cracked and sick voice swelled. For some reason the procu- rator looked at the secretary and the convoy with hatred.

`And it is not for you, insane criminal, to reason about it!' Here Pilate shouted: `Convoy, off the balcony!' And turning to the secretary, he added:

`Leave me alone with the criminal, this is a state matter!' The convoy raised their spears and with a measured tramp of hob- nailed caligae walked off the balcony into the garden, and the secretary followed the convoy.

For some time the silence on the balcony was broken only by the water singing in the fountain. Pilate saw how the watery dish blew up over the spout, how its edges broke off, how it fell down in streams.

The prisoner was the rst to speak.

`I see that some misfortune has come about because I talked with that young man from Kiriath. I have a foreboding, Hegemon, that he will come to grief, and I am very sorry for him.' `I think,' the procurator replied, grinning strangely, `that there is now someone else in the world for whom you ought to feel sorrier than' for Judas of Kiriath, and who is going to have it much worse than Judas! ...

So, then, Mark Rat-slayer, a cold and convinced torturer, the people who, as I see,' the procurator pointed to Yeshua's dis gured face, `beat you for your preaching, the robbers Dysmas and Gestas, who with their confreres killed four soldiers, and, nally, the dirty traitor Judas - are all good people?' `Yes,' said the prisoner.

`And the kingdom of truth will come?' `It will, Hegemon,' Yeshua answered with conviction. 44 Mikhail Bulgakov`It will never come!' Pilate suddenly cried out in such a terrible voice that Yeshua drew back. Thus, many years before, in the Valley of the Vir- gins, Pilate had cried to his horsemen the words: `Cut them down! Cut them down! The giant Rat-slayer is trapped!' He raised his voice, cracked with commanding, still more, and called out so that his words could be heard in the garden: `Criminal! Criminal! Criminal!' And then, lowering his voice, he asked: `Yeshua Ha-Nozri, do you believe in any gods?' `God is one,' replied Yeshua, `I believe in him.' `Then pray to him! Pray hard! However...' here Pilate's voice gave out, `that won't help. No wife?' Pilate asked with anguish for some reason, not understanding what was happening to him.

`No, I'm alone.' `Hateful city...' the procurator suddenly muttered for some reason, shaking his shoulders as if he were cold, and rubbing his hands as though washing them, `if they'd put a knife in you before your meeting with Judas of Kiriath, it really would have been better.' `Why don't you let me go, Hegemon?' the prisoner asked unexpect- edly, and his voice became anxious. `I see they want to kill me.' A spasm contorted Pilate's face, he turned to Yeshua the in amed, red- veined whites of his eyes and said: `Do you suppose, wretch, that the Roman procurator will let a man go who has said what you have said? Oh, gods, gods! Or do you think I'm ready to take your place? I don't share your thoughts! And listen to me:

if from this moment on you say even one word, if you speak to anyone at all, beware of me! I repeat to you - beware!' `Hegemon...' `Silence!' cried Pilate, and his furious gaze followed the swallow that had again uttered on to the balcony. `To me!' Pilate shouted. And when the secretary and the convoy returned to their places, Pilate announced that he con rmed the death sentence passed at the meeting of the Lesser Sanhedrin on the criminal Yeshua Ha-Nozri, and the secretary wrote down what Pilate said. A moment later Mark Rat-slayer stood before the procurator. The pro- curator ordered him to hand the criminal over to the head of the secret service, along with the procurator 's directive that Yeshua Ha-Nozri was to be separated from the other condemned men, and also that the soldiers of the secret service were to be forbidden, on pain of severe punishment, to talk with Yeshua about anything at all or to answer any of his questions. At a sign from Mark, the convoy closed around Yeshua and led him from the balcony.

Next there stood before the procurator a handsome, light-bearded man Master and Margarita 45with eagle feathers on the crest of his helmet, golden lions' heads shin- ing on his chest, and golden plaques on his sword belt, wearing triple- soled boots laced to the knees, and with a purple cloak thrown over his left shoulder. This was the legate in command of the legion.

The procurator asked him where the Sebastean cohort was stationed at the moment. The legate told him that the Sebasteans had cordoned off the square in front of the hippodrome, where the sentencing of the criminals was to be announced to the people.

Then the procurator ordered the legate to detach two centuries from the Roman cohort. One of them, under the command of Rat-slayer, was to convoy the criminals, the carts with the implements for the execution and the executioners as they were transported to Bald Mountain, 24 and on arrival was to join the upper cordon. The other was to be sent at once to Bald Mountain and immediately start forming the cordon. For the same purpose, that is, to guard the mountain, the procurator asked the legate to send an auxiliary cavalry regiment - the Syrian ala.

After the legate left the balcony, the procurator ordered the secretary to summon to the palace the president of the Sanhedrin, two of its members, and the head of the temple guard in Yershalaim, adding that he asked things to be so arranged that before conferring with all these people, he could speak with the president previously and alone.

The procurator 's order was executed quickly and precisely, and the sun, which in those days was scorching Yershalaim with an extraordinary erceness, had not yet had time to approach its highest point when, on the upper terrace of the garden, by the two white marble lions that guarded the stairs, a meeting took place between the procurator and the man ful- lling the duties of president of the Sanhedrin, the high priest of the Jews, Joseph Kaifa. 25 It was quiet in the garden. But when he came out from under the colon- nade to the sun-drenched upper level of the garden with its palm trees on monstrous elephant legs, from which there spread before the procurator the whole of hateful Yershalaim, with its hanging bridges, fortresses, and, above all, that utterly indescribable heap of marble with golden dragon scales for a roof - the temple of Yershalaim - the procurator 's sharp ear caught, far below, where the stone wall separated the lower terraces of the 24 Bald Mountain: Also referred to in the novel as Bald Hill and Bald Skull, the site cor- responds to the Golgotha ('place of the skull') of the Gospels, where Christ was cruci ed, though topographically Bulgakov's hill is higher and farther from the city. There is also a Bald Mountain near Kiev, Bulgakov's native city. 25Kaifa: Bulgakov's variant of the name of the high priest Caiaphas, mentioned in the Gospels and in historical records. 46 Mikhail Bulgakovpalace garden from the city square, a low rumble over which from time to time there soared feeble, thin moans or cries.

The procurator understood that there, on the square, a numberless crowd of Yershalaim citizens, agitated by the recent disorders, had already gathered, that this crowd was waiting impatiently for the announcement of the sentences, and that restless water sellers were crying in its midst.

The procurator began by inviting the high priest on to the balcony, to take shelter from the merciless heat, but Kaifa politely apologized 26 and explained that he could not do that on the eve of the feast.

Pilate covered his slightly balding head with a hood and began the conversation. This conversation took place in Greek.

Pilate said that he had looked into the case of Yeshua Ha-Nozri and con rmed the death sentence.

Thus, three robbers - Dysmas, Gestas and Bar-Rabban - and this Yeshua Ha-Nozri besides, were condemned to be executed, and it was to be done that day. The rst two, who had ventured to incite the people to rebel against Caesar, had been taken in armed struggle by the Roman author- ities, were accounted to the procurator, and, consequently, would not be talked about here. But the second two, Bar-Rabban and Ha-Nozri, had been seized by the local authorities and condemned by the Sanhedrin. Ac- cording to the law, according to custom, one of these two criminals had to be released in honour of the great feast of Passover, which would be- gin that day. And so the procurator wished to know which of the two criminals the Sanhedrin intended to set free: Bar-Rabban or Ha-Nozri? 27 Kaifa inclined his head to signify that the question was clear to him, and replied:

`The Sanhedrin asks that Bar-Rabban be released.' The procurator knew very well that the high priest would give precisely that answer, but his task consisted in showing that this answer provoked his astonishment.

This Pilate did with great artfulness. The eyebrows on the arrogant face rose, the procurator looked with amazement straight into the high priest's eyes.

`I confess, this answer stuns me,' the procurator began softly, `I'm afraid there may be some misunderstanding here.' Pilate explained himself. Roman authority does not encroach in the least upon the rights of the local spiritual authorities, the high priest knows 26 Kaifa politely apologised: Going under the roof of a gentile would have made the high priest unclean and therefore unable to celebrate the coming feast. 27Bar-Rabban or Ha- Nozri?: The same choice is offered in the Gospel accounts (see Matt. 27:15–25, Mark 15:6–15, John 19:59–40). Master and Margarita 47that very well, but in the present case we are faced with an obvious error.

And this error Roman authority is, of course, interested in correcting.

In fact, the crimes of Bar-Rabban and Ha-Nozri are quite incomparable in their gravity. If the latter, obviously an insane person, is guilty of utter- ing preposterous things in Yershalaim and some other places, the former 's burden of guilt is more considerable. Not only did he allow himself to call directly for rebellion, but he also killed a guard during the attempt to ar- rest him. Bar-Rabban is incomparably more dangerous than Ha-Nozri.

On the strength of all the foregoing, the procurator asks the high priest to reconsider the decision and release the less harmful of the two con- demned men, and that is without doubt Ha-Nozri. And so? ...

Kaifa said in a quiet but rm voice that the Sanhedrin had thoroughly familiarized itself with the case and informed him a second time that it intended to free Bar-Rabban.

`What? Even after my intercession? The intercession of him through whose person Roman authority speaks? Repeat it a third time, High Priest.' `And a third time I repeat that we are setting Bar-Rabban free,' Kaifa said softly.

It was all over, and there was nothing more to talk about. Ha-Nozri was departing for ever, and there was no one to cure the dreadful, wicked pains of the procurator, there was no remedy for them except death. But it was not this thought which now struck Pilate. The same incomprehensible anguish that had already visited him on the balcony pierced his whole being. He tried at once to explain it, and the explanation was a strange one: it seemed vaguely to the procurator that there was something he had not nished saying to the condemned man, and perhaps something he had not nished hearing.

Pilate drove this thought away, and it ew off as instantly as it had come ying. It ew off, and the anguish remained unexplained, for it could not well be explained by another brief thought that ashed like lightning and at once went out - `Immortality... immortality has come...' Whose immortality had come? That the procurator did not understand, but the thought of this enigmatic immortality made him grow cold in the scorching sun.

`Very well,' said Pilate, `let it be so.' Here he turned, gazed around at the world visible to him, and was surprised at the change that had taken place. The bush laden with roses had vanished, vanished were the cypresses bordering the upper terrace, and the pomegranate tree, and the white statue amidst the greenery, and 48 Mikhail Bulgakovthe greenery itself. In place of it all there oated some purple mass, 28 water weeds swayed in it and began moving off somewhere, and Pilate himself began moving with them. He was carried along now, smothered and burned, by the most terrible wrath - the wrath of impotence.

`Cramped,' said Pilate, `I feel cramped!' With a cold, moist hand he tore at the clasp on the collar of his cloak, and it fell to the sand.

`It's sultry today, there's a storm somewhere,' Kaifa responded, not tak- ing his eyes off the procurator 's reddened face, and foreseeing all the tor- ments that still lay ahead, he thought: `Oh, what a terrible month of Nisan we're having this year!' `No,' said Pilate, `it's not because of the sultriness, I feel cramped with you here, Kaifa.' And, narrowing his eyes, Pilate smiled and added:

`Watch out for yourself, High Priest.' The high priest's dark eyes glinted, and with his face - no less artfully than the procurator had done earlier - he expressed amazement.

`What do I hear, Procurator?' Kaifa replied proudly and calmly. “You threaten me after you yourself have con rmed the sentence passed? Can that be? We are accustomed to the Roman procurator choosing his words before he says something. What if we should be overheard, Hegemon?' Pilate looked at the high priest with dead eyes and, baring his teeth, produced a smile.

`What's your trouble, High Priest? Who can hear us where we are now?

Do you think I'm like that young vagrant holy fool who is to be executed today? Am I a boy, Kaifa? I know what I say and where I say it. There is a cordon around the garden, a cordon around the palace, so that a mouse couldn't get through any crack! Not only a mouse, but even that one, what's his name... from the town of Kiriath, couldn't get through. Inciden- tally, High Priest, do you know him? Yes... if that one got in here, he'd feel bitterly sorry for himself, in this you will, of course, believe me? Know, then, that from now on, High Priest, you will have no peace! Neither you nor your people' - and Pilate pointed far off to the right, where the temple blazed on high -'it is I who tell you so, Pontius Pilate, equestrian of the Golden Spear!' 29 28 There oated some purple mass: According to B. V. Sokolov, there existed a legend according to which Pilate died by drowning himself. That may be what Bulgakov has in mind here. 29Equestrian of the Golden Spear: The equestrian order of Roman nobility was next in importance to the Senate. Augustus reformed the order, after which it supplied occupants for many administrative posts. The name Pilate (Pilatus) may derive from pilum, Latin for `spear '. Master and Margarita 49`I know, I know!' the black-bearded Kaifa fearlessly replied, and his eyes ashed. He raised his arm to heaven and went on: “The Jewish peo- ple know that you hate them with a cruel hatred, and will cause them much suffering, but you will not destroy them utterly! God will protect them! He will hear us, the almighty Caesar will hear, he will protect us from Pilate the destroyer!' `Oh, no!' Pilate exclaimed, and he felt lighter and lighter with every word: there was no more need to pretend, no more need to choose his words, `you have complained about me too much to Caesar, and now my hour has come, Kaifa! Now the message will y from me, and not to the governor in Antioch, and not to Rome, but directly to Capreae, to the em- peror himself, the message of how you in Yershalaim are sheltering known criminals from death. And then it will not be water from Solomon's Pool that I give Yershalaim to drink, as I wanted to do for your own good! No, not water! Remember how on account of you I had to remove the shields with the emperor 's insignia from the walls, had to transfer troops, had, as you see, to come in person to look into what goes on with you here!

Remember my words: it is not just one cohort that you will see here in Yershalaim, High Priest - no! The whole Fulminata legion will come un- der the city walls, the Arabian cavalry will arrive, and then you will hear bitter weeping and wailing! You will remember Bar-Rabban then, whom you saved, and you will regret having sent to his death a philosopher with his peaceful preaching!' The high priest's face became covered with blotches, his eyes burned.

Like the procurator, he smiled, baring his teeth, and replied:

`Do you yourself believe what you are saying now, Procurator? No, you do not! It is not peace, not peace, that the seducer of the people of Yer- shalaim brought us, and you, equestrian, understand that perfectly well.

You wanted to release him so that he could disturb the people, outrage the faith, and bring the people under Roman swords! But I, the high priest of the Jews, as long as I live, will not allow the faith to be outraged and will protect the people! Do you hear, Pilate?' And Kaifa raised his arm menacingly: `Listen, Procurator!' Kaifa fell silent, and the procurator again heard a noise as if of the sea, rolling up to the very walls of the garden of Herod the Great. The noise rose from below to the feet and into the face of the procurator. And behind his back, there, beyond the wings of the palace, came alarming trumpet calls, the heavy crunch of hundreds of feet, the clanking of iron. The procurator understood that the Roman infantry was already set- ting out, on his orders, speeding to the parade of death so terrible for rebels and robbers. 50 Mikhail Bulgakov`Do you hear, Procurator?' the high priest repeated quietly. `Are you going to tell me that all this' - here the high priest raised both arms and the dark hood fell from his head - `has been caused by the wretched robber Bar-Rabban?' The procurator wiped his wet, cold forehead with the back of his hand, looked at the ground, then, squinting at the sky, saw that the red-hot ball was almost over his head and that Kaifa's shadow had shrunk to nothing by the lion's tail, and said quietly and indifferently: `It's nearly noon. We got carried away by our conversation, and yet we must proceed.' Having apologized in re ned terms before the high priest, he invited him to sit down on a bench in the shade of a magnolia and wait until he summoned the other persons needed for the last brief conference and gave one more instruction connected with the execution. Kaifa bowed politely, placing his hand on his heart, and stayed in the garden while Pilate returned to the balcony. There he told the secretary, who had been waiting for him, to invite to the garden the legate of the legion and the tribune of the cohort, as well as the two members of the Sanhedrin and the head of the temple guard, who had been awaiting his summons on the lower garden terrace, in a round gazebo with a fountain.

To this Pilate added that he himself would come out to the garden at once, and withdrew into the palace. While the secretary was gathering the conference, the procurator met, in a room shielded from the sun by dark curtains, with a certain man, whose face was half covered by a hood, though he could not have been bothered by the sun's rays in this room. The meeting was a very short one. The procurator quietly spoke a few words to the man, after which he withdrew and Pilate walked out through the colonnade to the garden. There, in the presence of all those he had desired to see, the procurator solemnly and dryly stated that he con rmed the death sentence on Yeshua Ha-Nozri, and of cially inquired of the members of the Sanhedrin as to whom among the criminals they would like to grant life. Having received the reply that it was Bar-Rabban, the procurator said: `Very well,' and told the secretary to put it into the record at once, clutched in his hand the clasp that the secretary had picked up from the sand, and said solemnly: It is time!' Here all those present started down the wide marble stairway between walls of roses that exuded a stupefying aroma, descending lower and lower towards the palace wall, to the gates opening on to the big, smoothly paved square, at the end of which could be seen the columns and statues of the Yershalaim stadium. Master and Margarita 51As soon as the group entered the square from the garden and mounted the spacious stone platform that dominated the square, Pilate, looking around through narrowed eyelids, assessed the situation. The space he had just traversed, that is, the space from the palace wall to the platform, was empty, but before him Pilate could no longer see the square - it had been swallowed up by the crowd, which would have poured over the platform and the cleared space as well, had it not been kept at bay by a triple row of Sebastean soldiers to the left of Pilate and soldiers of the auxiliary Iturean cohort to his right. And so, Pilate mounted the platform, mechanically clutching the use- less clasp in his st and squinting his eyes. The procurator was squinting not because the sun burned his eyes - no! For some reason he did not want to see the group of condemned men who, as he knew perfectly well, were now being brought on to the platform behind him. As soon as the white cloak with crimson lining appeared high up on the stone cliff over the verge of the human sea, the unseeing Pilate was struck in the ears by a wave of sound: `Ha-a-a...' It started mutedly, arising somewhere far away by the hippodrome, then became thunderous and, having held out for a few seconds, began to subside. They've seen me,' the procurator thought. The wave had not reached its lowest point before it started swelling again unexpectedly and, swaying, rose higher than the rst, and as foam boils up on the billows of the sea, so a whistling boiled up on this second wave and, separate, distinguishable from the thunder, the wails of women. They've been led on to the platform,' thought Pilate, `and the wails mean that several women got crushed as the crowd surged forward.' He waited for some time, knowing that no power could silence the crowd before it exhaled all that was pent up in it and fell silent of itself. And when this moment came, the procurator threw up his right arm, and the last noise was blown away from the crowd. Then Pilate drew into his breast as much of the hot air as he could and shouted, and his cracked voice carried over thousands of heads: `In the name of the emperor Caesar! ...' Here his ears were struck several times by a clipped iron shout: the cohorts of soldiers raised high their spears and standards and shouted out terribly: `Long live Caesar!' Pilate lifted his face and thrust it straight into the sun. Green re ared up behind his eyelids, his brain took ame from it, and hoarse Aramaic words went ying over the crowd:

`Four criminals, arrested in Yershalaim for murder, incitement to re- 52 Mikhail Bulgakovbellion, and outrages against the laws and the faith, have been sentenced to a shameful execution - by hanging on posts! And this execution will presently be carried out on Bald Mountain! The names of the criminals are Dysmas, Gestas, Bar-Rabban and Ha-Nozri. Here they stand before you!' Pilate pointed to his right, not seeing any criminals, but knowing they were there, in place, where they ought to be. The crowd responded with a long rumble as if of surprise or relief.

When it died down, Pilate continued:

`But only three of them will be executed, for, in accordance with law and custom, in honour of the feast of Passover, to one of the condemned, as chosen by the Lesser Sanhedrin and con rmed by Roman authority, the magnanimous emperor Caesar will return his contemptible life!' Pilate cried out the words and at the same time listened as the rumble was replaced by a great silence. Not a sigh, not a rustle reached his ears now, and there was even a moment when it seemed to Pilate that every- thing around him had vanished altogether. The hated city died, and he alone is standing there, scorched by the sheer rays, his face set against the sky. Pilate held the silence a little longer, and then began to cry out: `The name of the one who will now be set free before you is...' He made one more pause, holding back the name, making sure he had said all, because he knew that the dead city would resurrect once the name of the lucky man was spoken, and no further words would be heard. `All?' Pilate whispered soundlessly to himself. `All. The name!' And, rolling the letter `r ' over the silent city, he cried: `Bar-Rabban!' Here it seemed to him that the sun, clanging, burst over him and ood- ed his ears with re. This re raged with roars, shrieks, wails, guffaws and whistles.

Pilate turned and walked back across the platform to the stairs, looking at nothing except the multicoloured squares of the ooring under his feet, so as not to trip. He knew that behind his back the platform was being showered with bronze coins, dates, that people in the howling mob were climbing on shoulders, crushing each other, to see the miracle with their own eyes - how a man already in the grip of death escaped that grip! How the legionaries take the ropes off him, involuntarily causing him burning pain in his arms, dislocated during his interrogation; how he, wincing and groaning, nevertheless smiles a senseless, crazed smile. He knew that at the same time the convoy was already leading the three men with bound arms to the side stairs, so as to take them to the road going west from the city, towards Bald Mountain. Only when he was Master and Margarita 53off the platform, to the rear of it, did Pilate open his eyes, knowing that he was now safe - he could no longer see the condemned men. Mingled with the wails of the quieting crowd, yet distinguishable from them, were the piercing cries of heralds repeating, some in Aramaic, others in Greek, all that the procurator had cried out from the platform. Besides that, there came to his ears the tapping, clattering and approaching thud of hoofs, and a trumpet calling out something brief and merry. These sounds were answered by the drilling whistles of boys on the roofs of houses along the street that led from the bazaar to the hippodrome square, and by cries of `Look out!' A soldier, standing alone in the cleared space of the square with a stan- dard in his hand, waved it anxiously, and then the procurator, the legate of the legion, the secretary and the convoy stopped. A cavalry ala, at an ever-lengthening trot, ew out into the square, so as to cross it at one side, bypassing the mass of people, and ride down a lane under a stone wall covered with creeping vines, taking the shortest route to Bald Mountain.

At a ying trot, small as a boy, dark as a mulatto, the commander of the ala, a Syrian, coming abreast of Pilate, shouted something in a high voice and snatched his sword from its sheath. The angry, sweating black horse shied and reared. Thrusting his sword back into its sheath, the commander struck the horse's neck with his crop, brought him down, and rode off into the lane, breaking into a gallop. After him, three by three, horsemen ew in a cloud of dust, the tips of their light bamboo lances bobbing, and faces dashed past the procurator - looking especially swarthy under their white turbans - with merrily bared, gleaming teeth. Raising dust to the sky, the ala burst into the lane, and the last to ride past Pilate was a soldier with a trumpet slung on his back, blazing in the sun.

Shielding himself from the dust with his hand and wrinkling his face discontentedly, Pilate started on in the direction of the gates to the palace garden, and after him came the legate, the secretary, and the convoy. It was around ten o'clock in the morning. Mikhail Bulgakov –Master and Margarita Chapter 3 The Seventh Proof `Yes, it was around ten o'clock in the morning, my esteemed Ivan Nikolae- vich,' said the professor.

The poet passed his hand over his face like a man just coming to his senses, and saw that it was evening at the Patriarch's Ponds. The water in the pond had turned black, and a light boat was now gliding on it, and one could hear the splash of oars and the giggles of some citizeness in the little boat. The public appeared on the benches along the walks, but again on the other three sides of the square, and not on the side where our interlocutors were.

The sky over Moscow seemed to lose colour, and the full moon could be seen quite distinctly high above, not yet golden but white. It was much easier to breathe, and the voices under the lindens now sounded softer, eveningish.

`How is it I didn't notice that he'd managed to spin a whole story?...' Homeless thought in amazement. `It's already evening! ... Or maybe he wasn't telling it, but I simply fell asleep and dreamed it all?' But it must be supposed that the professor did tell the story after all, otherwise it would have to be assumed that Berlioz had had the same dream, because he said, studying the foreigner 's face attentively:

`Your story is extremely interesting, Professor, though it does not coin- cide at all with the Gospel stories.' `Good heavens,' the professor responded, smiling condescendingly, `you of all people should know that precisely nothing of what is writ- ten in the Gospels ever actually took place, and if we start referring to the Gospels as a historical source...' he smiled once more, and Berlioz stopped short, because this was literally the same thing he had been say- ing to Homeless as they walked down Bronnaya towards the Patriarch's Ponds.

54 Master and Margarita 55`That's so,' Berlioz replied, `but I'm afraid no one can con rm that what you've just told us actually took place either.' `Oh, yes! That there is one who can!' the professor, beginning to speak in broken language, said with great assurance, and with unexpected mys- teriousness he motioned the two friends to move closer.

They leaned towards him from both sides, and he said, but again with- out any accent, which with him, devil knows why, now appeared, now disappeared:

The thing is...' here the professor looked around fearfully and spoke in a whisper, `that I was personally present at it all. I was on Pontius Pilate's balcony, and in the garden when he talked with Kaifa, and on the platform, only secretly, incognito, so to speak, and therefore I beg you - not a word to anyone, total secrecy, shh...' Silence fell, and Berlioz paled.

`YOU ... how long have you been in Moscow?' he asked in a quavering voice.

`I just arrived in Moscow this very minute,' the professor said per- plexedly, and only here did it occur to the friends to take a good look in his eyes, at which they became convinced that his left eye, the green one, was totally insane, while the right one was empty, black and dead.

`There's the whole explanation for you!' Berlioz thought in bewilder- ment. `A mad German has turned up, or just went crazy at the Ponds.

What a story!' Yes, indeed, that explained the whole thing: the strangest breakfast with the late philosopher Kant, the foolish talk about sun ower oil and Annushka, the predictions about his head being cut off and all the rest - the professor was mad.

Berlioz realized at once what had to be done. Leaning back on the bench, he winked to Homeless behind the professor 's back - meaning, don't contradict him - but the perplexed poet did not understand these signals.

`Yes, yes, yes,' Berlioz said excitedly, `incidentally it's all possible...

even very possible, Pontius Pilate, and the balcony, and so forth... Did you come alone or with your wife?' `Alone, alone, I'm always alone,' the professor replied bitterly.

`And where are your things, Professor?' Berlioz asked insinuatingly.

`At the Metropol? Where are you staying?' 11 Metropol: A luxury hotel in Moscow, built at the turn of the century, decorated with mosaics by the artist Vrubel. Used mainly by Foreigners during the Soviet period, it still exists and has recently been renovated. 56 Mikhail Bulgakov`I? ... Nowhere,' the half-witted German answered, his green eye wan- dering in wild anguish over the Patriarch's Ponds.

`How's that? But ... where are you going to live?' `In your apartment,' the madman suddenly said brashly, and winked.

`I ... I'm very glad ...' Berlioz began muttering, `but, really, you won't be comfortable at my place ... and they have wonderful rooms at the Metropol, it's a rst-class hotel...' `And there's no devil either?' the sick man suddenly inquired merrily of Ivan Nikolaevich.

`No devil...' `Don't contradict him,' Berlioz whispered with his lips only, dropping behind the professor 's back and making faces.

There isn't any devil!' Ivan Nikolaevich, at a loss from all this balder- dash, cried out not what he ought. `What a punishment! Stop playing the psycho!' Here the insane man burst into such laughter that a sparrow ew out of the linden over the seated men's heads.

`Well, now that is positively interesting!' the professor said, shaking with laughter. `What is it with you - no matter what one asks for, there isn't any!' He suddenly stopped laughing and, quite understandably for a mentally ill person, fell into the opposite extreme after laughing, became vexed and cried sternly: `So you mean there just simply isn't any?' `Calm down, calm down, calm down, Professor,' Berlioz muttered, for fear of agitating the sick man. `You sit here for a little minute with comrade Homeless, and I'll just run to the corner to make a phone call, and then we'll take you wherever you like. You don't know the city...' Berlioz's plan must be acknowledged as correct: he had to run to the nearest public telephone and inform the foreigners' bureau, thus and so, there's some consultant from abroad sitting at the Patriarch's Ponds in an obviously abnormal state. So it was necessary to take measures, lest some unpleasant nonsense result.

`To make a call? Well, then make your call,' the sick man agreed sadly, and suddenly begged passionately: `But I implore you, before you go, at least believe that the devil exists! I no longer ask you for anything more.

Mind you, there exists a seventh proof of it, the surest of all! And it is going to be presented to you right now!' `Very good, very good,' Berlioz said with false tenderness and, winking to the upset poet, who did not relish at all the idea of guarding the mad German, set out for the exit from the Ponds at the corner of Bronnaya and Yermolaevsky Lane. Master and Margarita 57And the professor seemed to recover his health and brighten up at once. `Mikhail Alexandrovich!' he shouted after Berlioz.

The latter gave a start, looked back, but reassured himself with the thought that the professor had also learned his name and patronymic from some newspaper.

Then the professor called out, cupping his hands like a megaphone:

`Would you like me to have a telegram sent at once to your uncle in Kiev?' And again Berlioz winced. How does the madman know about the existence of a Kievan uncle? That has certainly never been mentioned in any newspapers. Oh-oh, maybe Homeless is right after all? And suppose his papers are phoney? Ah, what a strange specimen ... Call, call! Call at once! They'll quickly explain him!

And, no longer listening to anything, Berlioz ran on.

Here, just at the exit to Bronnaya, there rose from a bench to meet the editor exactly the same citizen who in the sunlight earlier had formed him- self out of the thick swelter. Only now he was no longer made of air, but ordinary, eshly, and Berlioz clearly distinguished in the beginning twi- light that he had a little moustache like chicken feathers, tiny eyes, ironic and half drunk, and checkered trousers pulled up so high that his dirty white socks showed.

Mikhail Alexandrovich drew back, but reassured himself by re ecting that it was a stupid coincidence and that generally there was no time to think about it now. `Looking for the turnstile, citizen?' the checkered type inquired in a cracked tenor. This way, please! Straight on and you'll get where you're going. How about a little pint pot for my information ... to set up an ex- choirmaster!...' Mugging, the specimen swept his jockey's cap from his head. Berlioz, not stopping to listen to the cadging and clowning choirmaster, ran up to the turnstile and took hold of it with his hand. He turned it and was just about to step across the rails when red and white light splashed in his face. A sign lit up in a glass box: `Caution Tram-Car!' And right then this tram-car came racing along, turning down the new- ly laid line from Yermolaevsky to Bronnaya. Having turned, and coming to the straight stretch, it suddenly lit up inside with electricity, whined, and put on speed. The prudent Berlioz, though he was standing in a safe place, decided to retreat behind the stile, moved his hand on the crossbar, and stepped 58 Mikhail Bulgakovback.

And right then his hand slipped and slid, one foot, unimpeded, as if on ice, went down the cobbled slope leading to the rails, the other was thrust into the air, and Berlioz was thrown on to the rails. Trying to get hold of something, Berlioz fell backwards, the back of his head lightly striking the cobbles, and had time to see high up - but whether to right or left he no longer knew - the gold-tinged moon. He managed to turn on his side, at the same moment drawing his legs to his stomach in a frenzied movement, and, while turning, to make out the face, completely white with horror, and the crimson armband of the woman driver bearing down on him with irresistible force. Berlioz did not cry out, but around him the whole street screamed with desperate female voices. The woman driver tore at the electric brake, the car dug its nose into the ground, then instantly jumped up, and glass ew from the windows with a crash and a jingle. Here someone in Berlioz's brain cried desperately:

`Can it be?...' Once more, and for the last time, the moon ashed, but now breaking to pieces, and then it became dark.

The tram-car went over Berlioz, and a round dark object was thrown up the cobbled slope below the fence of the Patriarch's walk. Having rolled back down this slope, it went bouncing along the cobblestones of the street. It was the severed head of Berlioz. Mikhail Bulgakov –Master and Margarita Chapter 4 The Chase The hysterical women's cries died down, the police whistles stopped dril- ling, two ambulances drove off - one with the headless body and severed head, to the morgue, the other with the beautiful driver, wounded by bro- ken glass; street sweepers in white aprons removed the broken glass and poured sand on the pools of blood, but Ivan Nikolaevich just stayed on the bench as he had dropped on to it before reaching the turnstile. He tried several times to get up, but his legs would not obey him - something akin to paralysis had occurred with Homeless.

The poet had rushed to the turnstile as soon as he heard the rst scream, and had seen the head go bouncing along the pavement. With that he so lost his senses that, having dropped on to the bench, he bit his hand until it bled. Of course, he forgot about the mad German and tried to gure out one thing only: how it could be that he had just been talking with Berlioz, and a moment later - the head...

Agitated people went running down the walk past the poet, exclaiming something, but Ivan Nikolaevich was insensible to their words. However, two women unexpectedly ran into each other near him, and one of them, sharp-nosed and bare-headed, shouted the following to the other, right next to the poet's ear:

`...Annushka, our Annushka! From Sadovaya! It's her work... She bought sun ower oil at the grocery, and went and broke the whole litre- bottle on the turnstile! Messed her skirt all up, and swore and swore!

... And he, poor man, must have slipped and - right on to the rails...' Of all that the woman shouted, one word lodged itself in Ivan Nikolae- vich's upset brain: `Annushka'...

`Annushka... Annushka?' the poet muttered, looking around anx- iously.

`Wait a minute, wait a minute...' 59 60 Mikhail BulgakovThe word `Annushka' got strung together with the words `sun ower oil', and then for some reason with `Pontius Pilate'. The poet dismissed Pi- late and began linking up the chain that started from the word `Annushka'.

And this chain got very quickly linked up and led at once to the mad pro- fessor. `Excuse me! But he did say the meeting wouldn't take place because Annushka had spilled the oil. And, if you please, it won't take place!

What's more, he said straight out that Berlioz's head would be cut off by a woman?! Yes, yes, yes! And the driver was a woman! What is all this, eh?!' There was not a grain of doubt left that the mysterious consultant had known beforehand the exact picture of the terrible death of Berlioz. Here two thoughts pierced the poet's brain. The rst: `He's not mad in the least, that's all nonsense!' And the second: Then didn't he set it all up himself?' `But in what manner, may we ask?! Ah, no, this we're going to nd out!' Making a great effort, Ivan Nikolaevich got up from the bench and rushed back to where he had been talking with the professor. And, fortu- nately, it turned out that the man had not left yet. The street lights were already lit on Bronnaya, and over the Ponds the golden moon shone, and in the ever-deceptive light of the moon it seemed to Ivan Nikolaevich that he stood holding a sword, not a walking stick, under his arm.

The ex-choirmaster was sitting in the very place where Ivan Nikolae- vich had sat just recently. Now the busybody had perched on his nose an obviously unnecessary pince-nez, in which one lens was missing alto- gether and the other was cracked. This made the checkered citizen even more repulsive than he had been when he showed Berlioz the way to the rails.

With a chill in his heart, Ivan approached the professor and, glancing into his face, became convinced that there were not and never had been any signs of madness in that face. `Confess, who are you?' Ivan asked in a hollow voice.

The foreigner scowled, looked at the poet as if he were seeing him for the rst time, and answered inimically: `No understand ... no speak Russian. ..' `The gent don't understand,' the choirmaster mixed in from the bench, though no one had asked him to explain the foreigner 's words. `Don't pretend!' Ivan said threateningly, and felt cold in the pit of his stomach. `You spoke excellent Russian just now. You're not a German and you're not a professor! You're a murderer and a spy!... Your papers!' Ivan Master and Margarita 61cried ercely.

The mysterious professor squeamishly twisted his mouth, which was twisted to begin with, then shrugged his shoulders. `Citizen!' the loathsome choirmaster butted in again. “What're you do- ing bothering a foreign tourist? For that you'll incur severe punishment!' And the suspicious professor made an arrogant face, turned, and walk- ed away from Ivan. Ivan felt himself at a loss. Breathless, he addressed the choirmaster: `Hey, citizen, help me to detain the criminal! It's your duty!' The choirmaster became extraordinarily animated, jumped up and hol- lered:

`What criminal? Where is he? A foreign criminal?' The choirmaster 's eyes sparkled gleefully. That one? If he's a criminal, the rst thing to do is shout “Help!” Or else he'll get away. Come on, together now, one, two!' – and here the choirmaster opened his maw. Totally at a loss, Ivan obeyed the trickster and shouted `Help!' but the choirmaster bluffed him and did not shout anything.

Ivan's solitary, hoarse cry did not produce any good results. Two girls shied away from him, and he heard the word `drunk'. `Ah, so you're in with him!' Ivan cried out, waxing wroth. “What are you doing, jeering at me? Out of my way!' Ivan dashed to the right, and so did the choirmaster; Ivan dashed to the left, and the scoundrel did the same.

`Getting under my feet on purpose?' Ivan cried, turning ferocious.

`I'll hand you over to the police!' Ivan attempted to grab the blackguard by the sleeve, but missed and caught precisely nothing: it was as if the choirmaster fell through the earth. Ivan gasped, looked into the distance, and saw the hateful stranger.

He was already at the exit to Patriarch's Lane; moreover, he was not alone.

The more than dubious choirmaster had managed to join him. But that was still not all: the third in this company proved to be a tom-cat, who appeared out of nowhere, huge as a hog, black as soot or as a rook, and with a desperate cavalryman's whiskers. The trio set off down Patriarch's Lane, the cat walking on his hind legs.

Ivan sped after the villains and became convinced at once that it - would be very dif cult to catch up with them. The trio shot down the lane in an instant and came out on Spiridonovka.

No matter how Ivan quickened his pace, the distance between him and his quarry never diminished. And before the poet knew it, he emerged, after the quiet of Spiridonovka, by the Nikitsky Gate, where his situation wors- ened. The place was swarming with people. Besides, the gang of villains 62 Mikhail Bulgakovdecided to apply the favourite trick of bandits here: a scattered getaway.

The choirmaster, with great dexterity, bored his way on to a bus speed- ing towards the Arbat Square and slipped away. Having lost one of his quarries, Ivan focused his attention on the cat and saw this strange cat go up to the footboard of an `A' tram waiting at a stop, brazenly elbow aside a woman, who screamed, grab hold of the handrail, and even make an attempt to shove a ten-kopeck piece into the conductress's hand through the window, open on account of the stuf ness. Ivan was so struck by the cat's behaviour that he froze motionless by the grocery store on the corner, and here he was struck for a second time, but much more strongly, by the conductress's behaviour. As soon as she saw the cat getting into the tram-car, she shouted with a malice that even made her shake: `No cats allowed! Nobody with cats allowed! Scat! Get off, or I'll call the police!' Neither the conductress nor the passengers were struck by the essence of the matter: not just that a cat was boarding a tram-car, which would have been good enough, but that he was going to pay! The cat turned out to be not only a solvent but also a disciplined ani- mal. At the very rst shout from the conductress, he halted his advance, got off the footboard, and sat down at the stop, rubbing his whiskers with the ten-kopeck piece. But as soon as the conductress yanked the cord and the tram-car started moving off, the cat acted like anyone who has been expelled from a tram-car but still needs a ride. Letting all three cars go by, the cat jumped on to the rear coupling-pin of the last one, wrapped its paws around some hose sticking out of the side, and rode off, thus saving himself ten kopecks. Occupied with the obnoxious cat, Ivan almost lost the main one of the three - the professor. But, fortunately, the man had not managed to slip away. Ivan saw the grey beret in the throng at the head of Bolshaya Nikit- skaya, now Herzen, Street. In the twinkling of an eye, Ivan arrived there himself. However, he had no luck. The poet would quicken his pace, break into a trot, shove passers-by, yet not get an inch closer to the professor. Upset as he was, Ivan was still struck by the supernatural speed of the chase. Twenty seconds had not gone by when, after the Nikitsky Gate, Ivan Nikolayevich was already dazzled by the lights of the Arbat Square.

Another few seconds, and here was some dark lane with slanting side- walks, where Ivan Nikolaevich took a tumble and hurt his knee. Again a lit-up thoroughfare - Kropotkin Street - then a lane, then Ostozhenka, then another lane, dismal, vile and sparsely lit. And it was here that Ivan Nikolaevich de nitively lost him whom he needed so much. The profes- Master and Margarita 63sor disappeared.

Ivan Nikolaevich was perplexed, but not for long, because he suddenly realized that the professor must unfailingly be found in house no. 15, and most assuredly in apartment 47.

Bursting into the entrance, Ivan Nikolaevich ew up to the second oor, immediately found the apartment, and rang impatiently. He did not have to wait long. Some little girl of about ve opened the door for Ivan and, without asking him anything, immediately went away somewhere.

In the huge, extremely neglected front hall, weakly lit by a tiny carbon 64 Mikhail Bulgakovarc lamp under the high ceiling, black with grime, a bicycle without tyres hung on the wall, a huge iron-bound trunk stood, and on a shelf over the coat rack a winter hat lay, its long ear- aps hanging down. Behind one of the doors, a resonant male voice was angrily shouting something in verse from a radio set.

Ivan Nikolaevich was not the least at a loss in the unfamiliar surround- ings and rushed straight into the corridor, reasoning thus: `Of course, he's hiding in the bathroom.' The corridor was dark. Having bumped into the wall a few times, Ivan saw a faint streak of light under a door, felt for the handle, and pulled it gently. The hook popped out, and Ivan found himself precisely in the bathroom and thought how lucky he was.

However, his luck was not all it might have been! Ivan met with a wave of humid heat and, by the light of the coals smouldering in the boiler, made out big basins hanging on the walls, and a bath tub, all black fright- ful blotches where the enamel had chipped off. And there, in this bath tub, stood a naked citizeness, all soapy and with a scrubber in her hand. She squinted near-sightedly at the bursting-in Ivan and, obviously mistaking him in the infernal light, said softly and gaily:

`Kiriushka! Stop this tomfoolery! Have you lost your mind?... Fyodor Ivanych will be back any minute. Get out right now!' and she waved at Ivan with the scrubber.

The misunderstanding was evident, and Ivan Nikolaevich was, of cour- se, to blame for it. But he did not want to admit it and, exclaiming re- proachfully: `Ah, wanton creature! ...', at once found himself for some reason in the kitchen. No one was there, and on the oven in the semi- darkness silently stood about a dozen extinguished primuses.' 1 A single moonbeam, having seeped through the dusty, perennially unwashed win- dow, shone sparsely into the corner where, in dust and cobwebs, a forgot- ten icon hung, with the ends of two wedding candles 2 peeking out from 1 About a dozen extinguished primuses: The shortage of living space after the revolu- tion led to the typically Soviet phenomenon of the communal apartment, in which sev- eral families would have one or two private rooms and share kitchen and toilet facilities.

This led to special psychological conditions among people and to a speci c literary genre (the communal-apartment story, which still ourishes in Russia). The primus stove, a portable one-burner stove fuelled with pressurized benzene, made its appearance at the same time and became a symbol of communal-apartment life. Each family would have its own primus. The old wood- or (more rarely) coal-burning ranges went out of use but remained in place. The general problem of “living space', and the primus stove in particular, plays an important part throughout the Moscow sections of The Master and Margarita. 2Two wedding candles: In the Orthodox marriage service, the bride and groom stand during the ceremony holding lighted candles. These are special, large, often decorated Master and Margarita 65behind its casing. Under the big icon, pinned to it, hung a little one made of paper.

No one knows what thought took hold of Ivan here, but before running out the back door, he appropriated one of these candles, as well as the paper icon. With these objects, he left the unknown apartment, muttering something, embarrassed at the thought of what he had just experienced in the bathroom, involuntarily trying to guess who this impudent Kiriushka might be and whether the disgusting hat with ear- aps belonged to him.

In the desolate, joyless lane the poet looked around, searching for the fugitive, but he was nowhere to be seen. Then Ivan said rmly to himself:

`Why, of course, he's at the Moscow River! Onward!' Someone ought, perhaps, to have asked Ivan Nikolaevich why he sup- posed that the professor was precisely at the Moscow River and not in some other place. But the trouble was that there was no one to ask him.

The loathsome lane was completely empty.

In the very shortest time, Ivan Nikolaevich could be seen on the granite steps of the Moscow River amphitheatre. 3 Having taken off his clothes, Ivan entrusted them to a pleasant, bearded fellow who was smoking a hand-rolled cigarette, sitting beside a torn white Tolstoy blouse and a pair of unlaced, worn boots. After waving his arms to cool off, Ivan dived swallow-fashion into the water.

It took his breath away, so cold the water was, and the thought even ashed in him that he might not manage to come up to the surface. How- ever, he did manage to come up, and, puf ng and snorting, his eyes round- ed in terror, Ivan Nikolaevich began swimming through the black, oil- smelling water among the broken zigzags of street lights on the bank.

When the wet Ivan came dancing back up the steps to the place where the bearded fellow was guarding his clothes, it became clear that not only the latter, but also the former - that is, the bearded fellow himself - had been stolen. In the exact spot where the pile of clothes had been, a pair of striped drawers, the torn Tolstoy blouse, the candle, the icon and a box of matches had been left. After threatening someone in the distance with his st in powerless anger, Ivan put on what was left for him.

Here two considerations began to trouble him: rst, that his Massolit identi cation card, which he never parted with, was gone, and, second, candles, and are customarily kept inde nitely after the wedding, sometimes in the corner with the family icon. 3The Moscow River amphitheatre: Ivan takes his swim at the foot of what had been the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, which was dynamited in 1931. The remaining granite steps and amphitheatre were originally a grand baptismal font at the riverside, popularly known as `the Jordan'. The cathedral has now been rebuilt. 66 Mikhail Bulgakovwhether he could manage to get through Moscow unhindered looking the way he did now? In striped drawers, after all ... True, it was nobody's business, but still there might be some hitch or delay. Ivan tore off the buttons where the drawers fastened at the ankle, g- uring that this way they might pass for summer trousers, gathered up the icon, the candle and the matches, and started off, saying to himself:

`To Griboedov's! Beyond all doubt, he's there.' The city was already living its evening life. Trucks ew through the dust, chains clanking, and on their platforms men lay sprawled belly up on sacks. All windows were open. In each of these windows a light burned under an orange lampshade, and from every window, every door, every gateway, roof, and attic, basement and courtyard blared the hoarse roar of the polonaise from the opera Evgeny Onegin. 4 Ivan Nikolaevich's apprehensions proved fully justi ed: passers-by did pay attention to him and turned their heads. As a result, he took the decision to leave the main streets and make his way through back lanes, where people are not so importunate, where there were fewer chances of them picking on a barefoot man, pestering him with questions about his drawers, which stubbornly refused to look like trousers. This Ivan did, and, penetrating the mysterious network of lanes around the Arbat, he began making his way along the walls, casting fearful side- long glances, turning around every moment, hiding in gateways from time to time, avoiding intersections with traf c lights and the grand entrances of embassy mansions. And all along his dif cult way, he was for some reason inexpressibly tormented by the ubiquitous orchestra that accompanied the heavy basso singing about his love for Tatiana. 4 Evgeny Onegin: An opera by Pyotr I. Tchaikovsky (1840–93), with libretto by the composer 's brother Modest, based on the great `novel in verse' of the same title by Alexander Pushkin (1799-1837). Its ubiquity, like the orange lampshades, suggests the standardizing of Soviet life. Tatyana, mentioned further on, is the heroine of Evgeny Onegin. Mikhail Bulgakov –Master and Margarita Chapter 5 There were Doings at Griboedov's The old, two-storeyed, cream-coloured house stood on the ring boulevard, in the depths of a seedy garden, separated from the sidewalk by a fancy cast-iron fence. The small terrace in front of the house was paved with asphalt, and in wintertime was dominated by a snow pile with a shovel stuck in it, but in summertime turned into the most magni cent section of the summer restaurant under a canvas tent.

The house was called `The House of Griboedov' on the grounds that it was alleged to have once belonged to an aunt of the writer Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov. 1 Now, whether it did or did not belong to her, we do not exactly know. On recollection, it even seems that Griboedov never had any such house-owning aunt... Nevertheless, that was what the house was called. Moreover, one Moscow liar had it that there, on the second oor, in a round hall with columns, the famous writer had supposedly read passages from Woe From Wit to this very aunt while she reclined on a sofa.

However, devil knows, maybe he did, it's of no importance.

What is important is that at the present time this house was owned by that same Massolit which had been headed by the unfortunate Mikhail Alexandrovich Berlioz before his appearance at the Patriarch's Ponds.

In the casual manner of Massolit members, no one called the house The House of Griboedov', everyone simply said `Griboedov's': `I spent two hours yesterday knocking about Griboedov's.' `Well, and so?' `Got myself a month in Yalta.' `Bravo!' Or: `Go to Berlioz, he receives today from four to ve at Griboedov's...' and so on. 1 Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov (1795–1829), poet, playwright and diplomat, best known as the author of the comedy Woe From Wit, the rst real masterpiece of the Rus- sian theatre.

67 68 Mikhail BulgakovMassolit had settled itself at Griboedov's in the best and cosiest way imaginable. Anyone entering Griboedov's rst of all became involun- tarily acquainted with the announcements of various sports clubs, and with group as well as individual photographs of the members of Massolit, hanging (the photographs) on the walls of the staircase leading to the sec- ond oor.

On the door to the very rst room of this upper oor one could see a big sign: `Fishing and Vacation Section', along with the picture of a carp caught on a line.

On the door of room no. 2 something not quite comprehensible was written: `One-day Creative Trips. Apply to M. V. Spurioznaya.' The next door bore a brief but now totally incomprehensible inscrip- tion: `Perelygino'. 2 After which the chance visitor to Griboedov's would not know where to look from the motley inscriptions on the aunt's walnut doors: `Sign up for Paper with Poklevkina', `Cashier ', `Personal Accounts of Sketch-Writers'...

If one cut through the longest line, which already went downstairs and out to the doorman's lodge, one could see the sign `Housing Question' on a door which people were crashing every second.

Beyond the housing question there opened out a luxurious poster on which a cliff was depicted and, riding on its crest, a horseman in a felt cloak with a ri e on his shoulder. A little lower - palm trees and a balcony; on the balcony - a seated young man with a forelock, gazing somewhere aloft with very lively eyes, holding a fountain pen in his hand.

The inscription: `Full-scale Creative Vacations from Two Weeks (Story/ Novella) to One Year (Novel/Trilogy). Yalta, Suuk-Su, Borovoe, Tsikhidzi- ri, Makhindzhauri, Leningrad (Winter Palace).' 3 There was also a line at this door, but not an excessive one - some hundred and fty people.

Next, obedient to the whimsical curves, ascents and descents of the Griboedov house, came the `Massolit Executive Board', `Cashiers nos. 2, 3, 4, 5', `Editorial Board', `Chairman of Massolit', `Billiard Room', various auxiliary institutions and, nally, that same hall with the colonnade where the aunt had delighted in the comedy other genius nephew.

Any visitor nding himself in Griboedov's, unless of course he was a total dim-wit, would realize at once what a good life those lucky fel- 2 Perelygino: The name is clearly meant to suggest the actual Peredelkino, a `writers' village' near Moscow where many writers were allotted country houses. It was a privi- leged and highly desirable place. 3Yalta, Suuk-Su... (Winter Palace): To this list of resort towns in the Crimea, the Cau- casus and Kazakhstan, Bulgakov incongruously adds the Winter Palace in Leningrad, former residence of the emperors. Master and Margarita 69lows, the Massolit members, were having, and black envy would imme- diately start gnawing at him. And he would immediately address bitter reproaches to heaven for not having endowed him at birth with literary talent, lacking which there was naturally no dreaming of owning a Mas- solit membership card, brown, smelling of costly leather, with a wide gold border - a card known to all Moscow.

Who will speak in defence of envy? This feeling belongs to the nasty category, but all the same one must put oneself in the visitor 's position. For what he had seen on the upper oor was not all, and was far from all. The entire ground oor of the aunt's house was occupied by a restau- rant, and what a restaurant! It was justly considered the best in Moscow.

And not only because it took up two vast halls with arched ceilings, paint- ed with violet, Assyrian-maned horses, not only because on each table there stood a lamp shaded with a shawl, not only because it was not ac- cessible to just anybody coming in off the street, but because in the quality of its fare Griboedov's beat any restaurant in Moscow up and down, and this fare was available at the most reasonable, by no means onerous, price. Hence there was nothing surprising, for instance, in the following con- versation, which the author of these most truthful lines once heard near the cast-iron fence of Griboedov's: `Where are you dining today, Amvrosy?' `What a question! Why, here, of course, my dear Foka! Archibald Archibaldovich whispered to me today that there will be perch au naturel done to order. A virtuoso little treat!' `You sure know how to live, Amvrosy!' skinny, run-down Foka, with a carbuncle on his neck, replied with a sigh to the ruddy-lipped giant, golden-haired, plump-cheeked Amvrosy-the-poet. `I have no special knowledge,' Amvrosy protested, `just the ordinary wish to live like a human being. You mean to say, Foka that perch can be met with at the Coliseum as well. But at the Coliseum a portion of perch costs thirteen roubles fteen kopecks, and here - ve- fty! Besides, at the Coliseum they serve three-day-old perch, and, besides, there's no guarantee you won't get slapped in the mug with a bunch of grapes at the Coliseum by the rst young man who bursts in from Theatre Alley.

No, I'm categorically opposed to the Coliseum,' the gastronome Amvrosy boomed for the whole boulevard to hear. `Don't try to convince me, Foka!' `I'm not trying to convince you, Amvrosy,' Foka squeaked. `One can also dine at home.' `I humbly thank you,' trumpeted Amvrosy, `but I can imagine your wife, in the communal kitchen at home, trying to do perch au naturel to 70 Mikhail Bulgakovorder in a saucepan! Hee, hee, hee! ... Aurevwar, Foka!' And, humming, Amvrosy directed his steps to the veranda under the tent. Ahh, yes! ... Yes, there was a time! ... Old Muscovites will remember the renowned Griboedov's! What is poached perch done to order! Cheap stuff, my dear Amvrosy! But sterlet, sterlet in a silvery cha ng dish, sterlet slices interlaid with cray sh tails and fresh caviar? And eggs en cocotte with mushroom puree in little dishes? And how did you like the llets of thrush? With truf es? Quail a la genoise? Nine- fty! And the jazz, and the courteous service! And in July, when the whole family is in the country, and you are kept in the city by urgent literary business - on the veranda, in the shade of the creeping vines, in a golden spot on the cleanest of tablecloths, a bowl of soup printanier? Remember, Amvrosy?

But why ask! I can see by your lips that you do. What is your white sh, your perch! But the snipe, the great snipe, the jack snipe, the woodcock in their season, the quail, the curlew? Cool seltzer zzing in your throat?!

But enough, you are getting distracted, reader! Follow me!... At half past ten on the evening when Berlioz died at the Patriarch's Ponds, only one room was lit upstairs at Griboedov's, and in it languished twelve writers who had gathered for a meeting and were waiting for Mik- hail Alexandrovich. Sitting on chairs, and on tables, and even on the two window-sills in the of ce of the Massolit executive board, they suffered seriously from the heat. Not a single breath of fresh air came through the open windows.

Moscow was releasing the heat accumulated in the asphalt all day, and it was clear that night would bring no relief. The smell of onions came from the basement of the aunt's house, where the restaurant kitchen was at work, they were all thirsty, they were all nervous and angry. The belletrist Beskudnikov - a quiet, decently dressed man with atten- tive and at the same time elusive eyes - took out his watch. The hand was crawling towards eleven. Beskudnikov tapped his nger on the face and showed it to the poet Dvubratsky, who was sitting next to him on the table and in boredom dangling his feet shod in yellow shoes with rubber treads. `Anyhow,' grumbled Dvubratsky.

`The laddie must've got stuck on the Klyazma,' came the thick-voiced response of Nastasya Lukinishna Nepremenova, orphan of a Moscow mer- chant, who had become a writer and wrote stories about sea battles under the pen-name of Bos'n George. `Excuse me!' boldly exclaimed Zagrivov, an author of popular sketches, 'but I personally would prefer a spot of tea on the balcony to stewing in here. The meeting was set for ten o'clock, wasn't it?' `It's nice now on the Klyazma,' Bos'n George needled those present, Master and Margarita 71knowing that Perelygino on the Klyazma, the country colony for writers, was everybody's sore spot. `There's nightingales singing already. I always work better in the country, especially in spring.' `It's the third year I've paid in so as to send my wife with goitre to this paradise, but there's nothing to be spied amidst the waves,' the novelist Ieronym Poprikhin said venomously and bitterly.

`Some are lucky and some aren't,' the critic Ababkov droned from the window-sill.

Bos'n George's little eyes lit up with glee, and she said, softening her contralto:

We mustn't be envious, comrades. There's twenty-two dachas 4 in all, and only seven more being built, and there's three thousand of us in Mas- solit.' `Three thousand one hundred and eleven,' someone put in from the corner.

`So you see,' the Bos'n went on, `what can be done? Naturally, it's the most talented of us that got the dachas...' `The generals!' Glukharev the scenarist cut right into the squabble.

Beskudnikov, with an arti cial yawn, walked out of the room.

`Five rooms to himself in Perelygino,' Glukharev said behind him.

`Lavrovich has six to himself,' Deniskin cried out, `and the dining room's panelled in oak!' `Eh, that's not the point right now,' Ababkov droned, `it's that it's half past eleven.' A clamour arose, something like rebellion was brewing. They started telephoning hated Perelygino, got the wrong dacha, Lavrovich's, found out that Lavrovich had gone to the river, which made them totally upset.

They called at random to the commission on ne literature, extension 950, and of course found no one there.

`He might have called!' shouted Deniskin, Glukharev and Quant.

Ah, they were shouting in vain: Mikhail Alexandrovich could not call anywhere. Far, far from Griboedov's, in an enormous room lit by thousand- watt bulbs, on three zinc tables, lay what had still recently been Mikhail Alexandrovich.

On the rst lay the naked body, covered with dried blood, one arm broken, the chest caved in; on the second, the head with the front teeth knocked out, with dull, open eyes unafraid of the brightest light; and on the third, a pile of stiffened rags. 4 Dachas: The Russian dacha (pronounced DA-tcha) is a summer or country house. 72 Mikhail BulgakovNear the beheaded body stood a professor of forensic medicine, a pa- thological anatomist and his dissector, representatives of the investigation, and Mikhail Alexandrovich's assistant in Massolit, the writer Zheldybin, summoned by telephone from his sick wife's side. A car had come for Zheldybin and rst of all taken him together with the investigators (this was around midnight) to the dead man's apartment, where the sealing of his papers had been carried out, after which they all went to the morgue. And now those standing by the remains of the deceased were debating what was the better thing to do: to sew the severed head to the neck, or to lay out the body in the hall at Griboedov's after simply covering the dead man snugly to the chin with a black cloth? No, Mikhail Alexandrovich could not call anywhere, and Deniskin, Glukharev and Quant, along with Beskudnikov, were being indignant and shouting quite in vain. Exactly at midnight, all twelve writers left the up- per oor and descended to the restaurant. Here again they silently berated Mikhail Alexandrovich: all the tables on the veranda, naturally, were oc- cupied, and they had to stay for supper in those beautiful but airless halls. And exactly at midnight, in the rst of these halls, something crashed, jangled, spilled, leaped. And all at once a high male voice desperately cried out `Hallelujah!' to the music. The famous Griboedov jazz band struck up. Sweat-covered faces seemed to brighten, it was as if the horses painted on the ceiling came alive, the lamps seemed to shine with added light, and suddenly, as if tearing loose, both halls broke into dance, and following them the veranda broke into dance. Glukharev danced with the poetess Tamara Polumesyats, Quant dan- ced, Zhukopov the novelist danced with some movie actress in a yellow dress. Dragunsky danced, Cherdakchi danced, little Deniskin danced with the enormous Bos'n George, the beautiful Semeikina-Gall, an architect, danced in the tight embrace of a stranger in white canvas trousers. Lo- cals and invited guests danced, Muscovites and out-of-towners, the writer Johann from Kronstadt, a certain Vitya Kuftik from Rostov, apparently a stage director, with a purple spot all over his cheek, the most eminent rep- resentatives of the poetry section of Massolit danced - that is, Baboonov, Blasphemsky, Sweetkin, Smatchstik and Addphina Buzdyak - young men of unknown profession, in crew cuts, with cotton-padded shoulders, dan- ced, someone very elderly danced, a shred of green onion stuck in his beard, and with him danced a sickly, anaemia-consumed girl in a wrin- kled orange silk dress.

Streaming with sweat, waiters carried sweating mugs of beer over their Master and Margarita 73heads, shouting hoarsely and with hatred: `Excuse me, citizen!' Some- where through a megaphone a voice commanded: `One Karsky shashlik!

Two Zubrovkas! Home-style tripe!' The high voice no longer sang, but howled `Hallelujah!' The clashing of golden cymbals in the band sometimes even drowned out the clashing of dishes, which the dishwashers sent down a sloping chute to the kitchen. In short - hell. And at midnight there came an apparition in hell. A handsome dark- eyed man with a dagger-like beard, in a tailcoat, stepped on to the veranda and cast a regal glance over his domain. They used to say, the mystics used to say, that there was a time when the handsome man wore not a tailcoat but a wide leather belt with pistol butts sticking from it, and his raven hair was tied with scarlet silk, and under his command a brig sailed the Caribbean under a black death ag with a skull and crossbones. But no, no! The seductive mystics are lying, there are no Caribbean Seas in the world, no desperate freebooters sail them, no corvette chases after them, no cannon smoke drifts across the waves. There is nothing, and there was nothing! There is that sickly linden over there, there is the cast-iron fence, and the boulevard beyond it... And the ice is melting in the bowl, and at the next table you see someone's bloodshot, bovine eyes, and you're afraid, afraid... Oh, gods, my gods, poison, bring me poison!... And suddenly a word uttered up from some table: `Berlioz!!' The jazz broke up and fell silent, as if someone had hit it with a st. `What, what, what, what?!!' `Berlioz!!!' And they began jumping up, exclaiming... Yes, a wave of grief billowed up at the terrible news about Mikhail Alexandrovich. Someone fussed about, crying that it was necessary at once, straight away, without leaving the spot, to compose some collective telegram and send it off immediately. But what telegram, may we ask, and where? And why send it? And where, indeed? And what possible need for any telegram does someone have whose attened pate is now clutched in the dissector 's rubber hands, whose neck the professor is now piercing with curved needles? He's dead, and has no need of any telegrams. It's all over, let's not burden the tele- graph wires any more.

Yes, he's dead, dead... But, as for us, we're alive!

Yes, a wave of grief billowed up, held out for a while, but then began to subside, and somebody went back to his table and - sneakily at rst, then openly - drank a little vodka and ate a bite. And, really, can one let chicken cutlets de volatile perish? How can we help Mikhail Alexandrovich? By going hungry? But, after all, we're alive!

Naturally, the grand piano was locked, the jazz band dispersed, sev- 74 Mikhail Bulgakoveral journalists left for their of ces to write obituaries. It became known that Zheldybin had come from the morgue. He had installed himself in the deceased's of ce upstairs, and the rumour spread at once that it was he who would replace Berlioz. Zheldybin summoned from the restaurant all twelve members of the board, and at the urgently convened meeting in Berlioz's of ce they started a discussion of the pressing questions of deco- rating the hall with columns at Griboedov's, of transporting the body from the morgue to that hall, of opening it to the public, and all else connected with the sad event.

And the restaurant began to live its usual nocturnal life and would have gone on living it until closing time, that is, until four o'clock in the morning, had it not been for an occurrence which was completely out of the ordinary and which struck the restaurant's clientele much more than the news of Berlioz's death.

The rst to take alarm were the coachmen 5 waiting at the gates of the Griboedov house. One of them, rising on his box, was heard to cry out:

`Hoo-ee! Just look at that!' After which, from God knows where, a little light ashed by the cast- iron fence and began to approach the veranda. Those sitting at the tables began to get up and peer at it, and saw that along with the little light a white ghost was marching towards the restaurant. When it came right up to the trellis, everybody sat as if frozen at their tables, chunks of sterlet on their forks, eyes popping. The doorman, who at that moment had stepped out of the restaurant coatroom to have a smoke in the yard, stamped out his cigarette and made for the ghost with the obvious intention of barring its way into the restaurant, but for some reason did not do so, and stopped, smiling stupidly.

And the ghost, passing through an opening in the trellis, stepped un- hindered on to the veranda. Here everyone saw that it was no ghost at all, but Ivan Nikolaevich Homeless, the much-renowned poet.

He was barefoot, in a torn, whitish Tolstoy blouse, with a paper icon bearing the image of an unknown saint pinned to the breast of it with a safety pin, and was wearing striped white drawers. In his hand Ivan Niko- laevich carried a lighted wedding candle. Ivan Nikolaevich's right cheek was freshly scratched. It would even be dif cult to plumb the depths of the silence that reigned on the veranda. Beer could be seen running down on to the oor from a mug tilted in one waiter 's hand. 5 Coachmen: Though increasingly replaced by automobiles, horse-drawn cabs were still in use in Moscow until around 1940. Thus the special tribe of Russian coachmen persisted long after their western counterparts disappeared. Master and Margarita 75The poet raised the candle over his head and said loudly:

`Hail, friends!' After which he peeked under the nearest table and ex- claimed ruefully: `No, he's not there!' Two voices were heard. A basso said pitilessly:

`That's it. Delirium tremens.' And the second, a woman's, frightened, uttered the words:

`How could the police let him walk the streets like that?' This Ivan Nikolaevich heard, and replied:

They tried to detain me twice, in Skaterny and here on Bronnaya, but I hopped over the fence and, as you can see, cut my cheek!' Here Ivan Nikolaevich raised the candle and cried out: `Brethren in literature!' (His hoarse voice grew stronger and more fervent.) `Listen to me everyone! He has appeared. Catch him immediately, otherwise he'll do untold harm!' `What? What? What did he say? Who has appeared?' voices came from all sides. The consultant,' Ivan replied, `and this consultant just killed Misha Berlioz at the Patriarch's Ponds.' Here people came ocking to the veranda from the inner rooms, a crowd gathered around Ivan's ame. `Excuse me, excuse me, be more precise,' a soft and polite voice said over Ivan Nikolaevich's ear, `tell me, what do you mean “killed”? Who killed?' `A foreign consultant, a professor, and a spy,' Ivan said, looking around.

`And what is his name?' came softly to Ivan's ear. That's just it - his name!' Ivan cried in anguish. `If only I knew his name! I didn't make out his name on his visiting card... I only remember the rst letter, “W”, his name begins with “W”! What last name begins with “W”?' Ivan asked himself, clutching his forehead, and suddenly started muttering: `Wi, we, wa ... Wu ... Wo ... Washner? Wagner? Weiner? Wegner? Winter?' The hair on Ivan's head began to crawl with the tension. `Wolf?' some woman cried pitifully.

Ivan became angry.

`Fool!' he cried, seeking the woman with his eyes. `What has Wolf got to do with it? Wolf 's not to blame for anything! Wo, wa... No, I'll never remember this way! Here's what, citizens: call the police at once, let them send out ve motor cycles with machine-guns to catch the professor. And don't forget to tell them that there are two others with him: a long check- ered one, cracked pince-nez, and a cat, black and fat... And meanwhile I'll search Griboedov's, I sense that he's here!' Ivan became anxious, pushed away the people around him, started waving the candle, pouring wax on himself, and looking under the ta- 76 Mikhail Bulgakovbles. Here someone said: `Call a doctor!' and someone's benign, eshy face, clean shaven and well nourished, in horn-rimmed glasses, appeared before Ivan. `Comrade Homeless,' the face began in a guest speaker 's voice, `calm down! You're upset at the death of our beloved Mikhail Alexandrovich...

no, say just Misha Berlioz. We all understand that perfectly well. You need rest. The comrades will take you home to bed right now, you'll forget...' `You,' Ivan interrupted, baring his teeth, “but don't you understand that the professor has to be caught? And you come at me with your fool- ishness! Cretin!' `Pardon me, Comrade Homeless!...' the face replied, blushing, retreat- ing, and already repentant at having got mixed up in this affair. `No, anyone else, but you I will not pardon,' Ivan Nikolaevich said with quiet hatred. A spasm distorted his face, he quickly shifted the candle from his right hand to his left, swung roundly and hit the compassionate face on the ear. Here it occurred to them to fall upon Ivan - and so they did. The candle went out, and the glasses that had fallen from the face were instantly tram- pled. Ivan let out a terrible war cry, heard, to the temptation of all, even on the boulevard, and set about defending himself. Dishes fell clattering from the tables, women screamed. All the while the waiters were tying up the poet with napkins, a con- versation was going on in the coatroom between the commander of the brig and the doorman. `Didn't you see he was in his underpants?' the pirate inquired coldly.

`But, Archibald Archibaldovich,' the doorman replied, cowering, `how could I not let him in, if he's a member of Massolit?' `Didn't you see he was in his underpants?' the pirate repeated. `Pardon me, Archibald Archibal- dovich,' the doorman said, turning purple, `but what could I do? I under- stand, there are ladies sitting on the veranda...' `Ladies have nothing to do with it, it makes no difference to the ladies,' the pirate replied, literally burning the doorman up with his eyes, `but it does to the police! A man in his underwear can walk the streets of Moscow only in this one case, that he's accompanied by the police, and only to one place - the police station! And you, if you're a doorman, ought to know that on seeing such a man, you must, without a moment's delay, start blowing your whistle. Do you hear? Do you hear what's going on on the veranda?' Here the half-crazed doorman heard some sort of hooting coming from the veranda, the smashing of dishes and women's screams.

`Now, what's to be done with you for that?' the freebooter asked. Master and Margarita 77The skin on the doorman's face acquired a typhoid tinge, his eyes went dead. It seemed to him that the black hair, now combed and parted, was covered with aming silk. The shirt-front and tailcoat disappeared and a pistol butt emerged, tucked into a leather belt. The doorman pictured himself hanging from the fore-topsail yard. His eyes saw his own tongue sticking out and his lifeless head lolling on his shoulder, and even heard the splash of waves against the hull. The doorman's knees gave way. But here the freebooter took pity on him and extinguished his sharp gaze.

`Watch out, Nikolai, this is the last time! We have no need of such 78 Mikhail Bulgakovdoormen in the restaurant. Go nd yourself a job as a beadle.' Having said this, the commander commanded precisely, clearly, rapidly: `Get Pantelei from the snack bar. Police. Protocol. A car. To the psychiatric clinic.' And added: `Blow your whistle!' In a quarter of an hour an extremely astounded public, not only in the restaurant but on the boulevard itself and in the windows of houses look- ing on to the restaurant garden, saw Pantelei, the doorman, a policeman, a waiter and the poet Riukhin carry through the gates of Griboedov's a young man swaddled like a doll, dissolved in tears, who spat, aiming pre- cisely at Riukhin, and shouted for all the boulevard to hear: `You bastard! ... You bastard!...' A truck-driver with a spiteful face was starting his motor. Next to him a coachman, rousing his horse, slapping it on the croup with violet reins, shouted: `Have a run for your money! I've taken `em to the psychics before!' Around them the crowd buzzed, discussing the unprecedented event.

In short, there was a nasty, vile, tempting, swinish scandal, which ended only when the truck carried away from the gates of Griboedov's the un- fortunate Ivan Nikolaevich, the policeman, Pantelei and Riukhin. Mikhail Bulgakov –Master and Margarita Chapter 6 Schizophrenia, as was Said It was half past one in the morning when a man with a pointed beard and wearing a white coat came out to the examining room of the famous psychiatric clinic, built recently on the outskirts of Moscow by the bank of the river. Three orderlies had their eyes fastened on Ivan Nikolaevich, who was sitting on a couch. The extremely agitated poet Riukhin was also there.

The napkins with which Ivan Nikolaevich had been bed up lay in a pile on the same couch. Ivan Nikolaevich's arms and legs were free.

Seeing the entering man, Riukhin turned pale, coughed, and said ti- midly:

`Hello, Doctor.' The doctor bowed to Riukhin but, as he bowed, looked not at him but at Ivan Nikolaevich. The latter sat perfectly motionless, with an angry face and knitted brows, and did not even stir at the doctor 's entrance.

`Here, Doctor,' Riukhin began speaking, for some reason, in a myste- rious whisper, glancing timorously at Ivan Nikolaevich, `is the renowned poet Ivan Homeless ... well, you see ... we're afraid it might be delirium tremens...' `Was he drinking hard?' the doctor said through his teeth.

`No, he drank, but not really so...' `Did he chase after cockroaches, rats, little devils, or slinking dogs?' `No,' Riukhin replied with a shudder, `I saw him yesterday and this morning ... he was perfectly well.' `And why is he in his drawers? Did you get him out of bed?' `No, Doctor, he came to the restaurant that way...' `Aha, aha,' the doctor said with great satisfaction, `and why the scrat- ches? Did he have a ght?' 79 80 Mikhail Bulgakov`He fell off a fence, and then in the restaurant he hit somebody... and then somebody else...' `So, so, so,' the doctor said and, turning to Ivan, added: `Hello there!' `Greetings, saboteur!' 1 Ivan replied spitefully and loudly.

Riukhin was so embarrassed that he did not dare raise his eyes to the courteous doctor. But the latter, not offended in the least, took off his glasses with a habitual, deft movement, raised the skirt of his coat, put them into the back pocket of his trousers, and then asked Ivan:

`How old are you?' `You can all go to the devil!' Ivan shouted rudely and turned away.

`But why are you angry? Did I say anything unpleasant to you?' `I'm twenty-three years old,' Ivan began excitedly, `and I'll le a com- plaint against you all. And particularly against you, louse!' he adverted separately to Riukhin.

`And what do you want to complain about?' `About the fact that I, a healthy man, was seized and dragged by force to a madhouse!' Ivan replied wrathfully.

Here Riukhin looked closely at Ivan and went cold: there was decid- edly no insanity in the man's eyes. No longer dull as they had been at Griboedov's, they were now clear as ever.

`Good God!' Riukhin thought fearfully. `So he's really normal! What nonsense! Why, in fact, did we drag him here? He's normal, normal, only his mug got scratched...' `You are,' the doctor began calmly, sitting down on a white stool with a shiny foot, `not in a madhouse, but in a clinic, where no one will keep you if it's not necessary.' Ivan Nikolaevich glanced at him mistrustfully out of the corner of his eye, but still grumbled:

`Thank the Lord! One normal man has nally turned up among the idiots, of whom the rst is that giftless goof Sashka!' `Who is this giftless Sashka?' the doctor inquired.

`This one here - Riukhin,' Ivan replied, jabbing his dirty nger in Riuk- hin's direction.

The latter ushed with indignation. That's the thanks I get,' he thought bitterly, `for showing concern for him! What trash, really!' `Psychologically, a typical little kulak,' 2 Ivan Nikolaevich began, evi- 1 Saboteur: Here and a little further on Ivan uses standard terms from Soviet mass campaigns against `enemies of the people'. Anyone thought to be working against the aims of the ruling party could be denounced and arrested as a saboteur. 2Kulak: (Russian for ` st') refers to the class of wealthy peasants, which Stalin ordered liquidated in 1930. Master and Margarita 81dently from an irresistible urge to denounce Riukhin, `and, what's more, a little kulak carefully disguising himself as a proletarian. Look at his lenten physiognomy, and compare it with those resounding verses he wrote for the First of May 3 - heh, heh, heh ... “Soaring up!” and “Soaring down!!” But if you could look inside him and see what he thinks... you'd gasp!' And Ivan Nikolaevich burst into sinister laughter.

Riukhin was breathing heavily, turned red, and thought of just one thing, that he had warmed a serpent on his breast, that he had shown concern for a man who turned out to be a vicious enemy. And, above all, there was nothing to be done: there's no arguing with the mentally ill!

`And why, actually, were you brought here?' the doctor asked, after listening attentively to Homeless's denunciations.

`Devil take them, the numskulls! They seized me, tied me up with some rags, and dragged me away in a truck!' `May I ask why you came to the restaurant in just your underwear?' There's nothing surprising about that,' Ivan replied. `I went for a swim in the Moscow River, so they lched my clothes and left me this trash!

I couldn't very well walk around Moscow naked! I put it on because I was hurrying to Griboedov.' The doctor glanced questioningly at Riukhin, who muttered glumly:

`The name of the restaurant.' `Aha,' said the doctor, `and why were you in such a hurry? Some busi- ness meeting?' `I'm trying to catch the consultant,' Ivan Nikolaevich said and looked around anxiously.

`What consultant?' `Do you know Berlioz?' Ivan asked signi cantly.

`The... composer?' Ivan got upset.

`What composer? Ah, yes... Ah, no. The composer has the same name as Misha Berlioz.' Riukhin had no wish to say anything, but was forced to explain:

`The secretary of Massolit, Berlioz, was run over by a tram-car tonight at the Patriarch's Ponds.' `Don't blab about what you don't know!' Ivan got angry with Riukhin.

`I was there, not you! He got him under the tram-car on purpose!' `Pushed him?' 3 The First of May: Originally commemorating the Haymarket Massacre in Chicago, this day later became a general holiday of the labour movement and was celebrated with particular enthusiasm in the Soviet Union. 82 Mikhail Bulgakov` “Pushed him”, nothing!' Ivan exclaimed, angered by the general ob- tuseness. `His kind don't need to push! He can perform such stunts - hold on to your hat! He knew beforehand that Berlioz would get under the tram-car!' `And did anyone besides you see this consultant?' `That's the trouble, it was just Berlioz and I.' `So. And what measures did you take to catch this murderer?' Here the doctor turned and sent a glance towards a woman in a white coat, who was sitting at a table to one side. She took out a sheet of paper and began lling in the blank spaces in its columns. `Here's what measures: I took a little candle from the kitchen...' `That one?' asked the doctor, pointing to the broken candle lying on the table in front of the woman, next to the icon. `That very one, and...' `And why the icon?' `Ah, yes, the icon...' Ivan blushed. `It was the icon that frightened them most of all.' He again jabbed his nger in the direction of Riukhin. `But the thing is that he, the consultant, he... let's speak directly... is mixed up with the unclean powers... and you won't catch him so easily.' The orderlies for some reason snapped to attention and fastened their eyes on Ivan. `Yes, sirs,' Ivan went on, `mixed up with them! An absolute fact. He spoke personally with Pontius Pilate. And there's no need to stare at me like that. I'm telling the truth! He saw everything - the balcony and the palm trees. In short, he was at Pontius Pilate's, I can vouch for it.' `Come, come...' `Well, so I pinned the icon on my chest and ran...' Here the clock suddenly struck twice.

`Oh-oh!' Ivan exclaimed and got up from the couch. `It's two o'clock, and I'm wasting time with you! Excuse me, where's the telephone?' `Let him use the telephone,' the doctor told the orderlies.

Ivan grabbed the receiver, and the woman meanwhile quietly asked Riukhin: `Is he married?' `Single,' Riukhin answered fearfully.

`Member of a trade union?' `Yes.' `Police?' Ivan shouted into the receiver. `Police? Comrade of cer-on- duty, give orders at once for ve motor cycles with machine-guns to be sent out to catch the foreign consultant. What? Come and pick me up, I'll go with you... It's the poet Homeless speaking from the madhouse... Master and Margarita 83What's your address?' Homeless asked the doctor in a whisper, cover- ing the receiver with his hand, and then again shouting into it: `Are you listening? Hello!... Outrageous!' Ivan suddenly screamed and hurled the receiver against the wall. Then he turned to the doctor, offered him his hand, said `Goodbye' drily, and made as if to leave.

`For pity's sake, where do you intend to go?' the doctor said, peering into Ivan's eyes. `In the dead of night, in your underwear... You're not feeling well, stay with us.' `Let me pass,' Ivan said to the orderlies, who closed ranks at the door.

`Will you let me pass or not?' the poet shouted in a terrible voice.

Riukhin trembled, but the woman pushed a button on the table and a shiny little box with a sealed ampoule popped out on to its glass surface. `Ah, so?!' Ivan said, turning around with a wild and hunted look.

`Well, then... Goodbye!' And he rushed head rst into the window- blind. The crash was rather forceful, but the glass behind the blind gave no crack, and in an instant Ivan Nikolaevich was struggling in the hands of the orderlies. He gasped, tried to bite, shouted: `So that's the sort of windows you've got here! Let me go! Let me go!...' A syringe ashed in the doctor 's hand, with a single movement the woman slit the threadbare sleeve of the shirt and seized the arm with un- womanly strength. There was a smell of ether, Ivan went limp in the hands of the four people, the deft doctor took advantage of this moment and stuck the needle into Ivan's arm. They held Ivan for another few seconds and then lowered him on to the couch. `Bandits!' Ivan shouted and jumped up from the couch, but was in- stalled on it again. The moment they let go of him, he again jumped up, but sat back down by himself. He paused, gazing around wildly, then unexpectedly yawned, then smiled maliciously. `Locked me up after all,' he said, yawned again, unexpectedly lay down, put his head on the pillow, his st under his head like a child, and muttered now in a sleepy voice, without malice: `Very well, then... you'll pay for it yourselves... I've warned you, you can do as you like... I'm now interested most of all in Pontius Pilate ... Pilate...', and he closed his eyes. `A bath, a private room, number 117, and a nurse to watch him,' the doctor ordered as he put his glasses on. Here Riukhin again gave a start:

the white door opened noiselessly, behind it a corridor could be seen, lit by blue night-lights. Out of the corridor rolled a stretcher on rubber wheels, to which the quieted Ivan was transferred, and then he rolled off down the corridor and the door closed behind him. 84 Mikhail Bulgakov`Doctor,' the shaken Riukhin asked in a whisper, `it means he's really ill?' `Oh, yes,' replied the doctor.

`But what's wrong with him, then?' Riukhin asked timidly.

The tired doctor glanced at Riukhin and answered listlessly:

`Locomotor and speech excitation... delirious interpretations... A com- plex case, it seems. Schizophrenia, I suppose. Plus this alcoholism...' Riukhin understood nothing from the doctor 's words, except that things were evidently not so great with Ivan Nikolaevich. He sighed and asked: `But what's all this talk of his about some consultant?' `He must have seen somebody who struck his disturbed imagination.

Or maybe a hallucination...' A few minutes later the truck was carrying Riukhin off to Moscow.

Day was breaking, and the light of the street lights still burning along the highway was now unnecessary and unpleasant. The driver was vexed at having wasted the night, drove the truck as fast as he could, and skidded on the turns. Now the woods dropped off, stayed somewhere behind, and the river went somewhere to the side, and an omnium gatherum came spilling to meet the truck: fences with sentry boxes and stacks of wood, tall posts and some sort of poles, with spools strung on the poles, heaps of rubble, the earth scored by canals - in short, you sensed that she was there, Moscow, right there, around the turn, and about to heave herself upon you and engulf you. Riukhin was jolted and tossed about; the sort of stump he had placed himself on kept trying to slide out from under him. The restaurant nap- kins, thrown in by the policeman and Pantelei, who had left earlier by bus, moved all around the atbed. Riukhin tried to collect them, but then, for some reason hissing spitefully: `Devil take them! What am I doing fussing like a fool?...', he spumed them aside with his foot and stopped looking at them. The rider 's state of mind was terrible. It was becoming clear that his visit to the house of sorrow had left the deepest mark on him. Riukhin tried to understand what was tormenting him. The corridor with blue lights, which had stuck itself to his memory? The thought that there is no greater misfortune in the world than the loss of reason? Yes, yes, of course, that, too. But that - that's only a general thought. There's something else.

What is it? An insult, that's what. Yes, yes, insulting words hurled right in his face by Homeless. And the trouble is not that they were insulting, but that there was truth in them. Master and Margarita 85The poet no longer looked around, but, staring into the dirty, shaking oor, began muttering something, whining, gnawing at himself.

Yes, poetry... He was thirty-two years old! And, indeed, what then?

So then he would go on writing his several poems a year. Into old age?

Yes, into old age. What would these poems bring him? Glory? `What nonsense! Don't deceive yourself, at least. Glory will never come to some- one who writes bad poems. What makes them bad? The truth, he was telling the truth!' Riukhin addressed himself mercilessly. `I don't believe in anything I write!...' Poisoned by this burst of neurasthenia, the poet swayed, the oor un- der him stopped shaking. Riukhin raised his head and saw that he had long been in Moscow, and, what's more, that it was dawn over Moscow, that the cloud was underlit with gold, that his truck had stopped, caught in a column of other vehicles at the turn on to the boulevard, and that very close to him on a pedestal stood a metal man, 4 his head inclined slightly, gazing at the boulevard with indifference.

Some strange thoughts ooded the head of the ailing poet. `There's an example of real luck...' Here Riukhin rose to his full height on the atbed of the truck and raised his arm, for some reason attacking the cast-iron man who was not bothering anyone. `Whatever step he made in his life, whatever happened to him, it all turned to his bene t, it all led to his glory! But what did he do? I can't conceive... Is there anything special in the words: “The snowstorm covers...”? I don't understand!...

Luck, sheer luck!' Riukhin concluded with venom, and felt the truck moving under him. `He shot him, that white guard shot him, smashed his hip, and assured his immortality...' The column began to move. In no more than two minutes, the com- pletely ill and even aged poet was entering the veranda of Griboedov's.

It was now empty. In a corner some company was nishing its drinks, 4 A metal man: This is the poet Pushkin, whose statue stands in Strastnaya (re- named Pushkin) Square. `The snowstorm covers ...' is the beginning of Pushkin's much- anthologized poem `The Snowstorm'. The reference to `that white guard' is anachronistic here. The White Guard opposed the Bolsheviks (`Reds') during the Russian civil war in the early twenties.

Pushkin was fatally wounded in the stomach during a duel with Baron Georges D'Anthes, an Alsatian who served in the Russian Imperial Horse Guard. Under the Soviet regime the term `white guard' was a pejorative accusation, which was levelled against Bulgakov himself after the publication of his novel, The White Guard, and the production of his play, Days of the Turbins, based on the novel. In having Riukhin talk with Pushkin's statue, Bulgakov parodies the `revolutionary' poet Vladimir Mayakovsky (1893–1930), whose poem Yubileinoe was written in 1924 on the occasion of the 125th anniversary of Pushkin's birth. 86 Mikhail Bulgakovand in the middle the familiar master of ceremonies was bustling about, wearing a skullcap, with a glass of Abrau wine in his hand. Riukhin, laden with napkins, was met affably by Archibald Archibal- dovich and at once relieved of the cursed rags. Had Riukhin not become so worn out in the clinic and on the truck, he would certainly have derived pleasure from telling how everything had gone in the hospital and embel- lishing the story with invented details. But just then he was far from such things, and, little observant though Riukhin was, now, after the torture on the truck, he peered keenly at the pirate for the rst time and realized that, though the man asked about Homeless and even exclaimed `Ai-yai-yai!', he was essentially quite indifferent to Homeless's fate and did not feel a bit sorry for him. `And bravo! Right you are!' Riukhin thought with cynical, self-annihi- lating malice and, breaking off the story about the schizophrenia, begged: `Archibald Archibaldovich, a drop of vodka...' The pirate made a com- passionate face and whispered: `I understand... this very minute...' and beckoned to a waiter. A quarter of an hour later, Riukhin sat in complete solitude, hunched over his bream, drinking glass after glass, understanding and recognizing that it was no longer possible to set anything right in his life, that it was only possible to forget. The poet had wasted his night while others were feasting and now un- derstood that it was impossible to get it back. One needed only to raise one's head from the lamp to the sky to understand that the night was ir- retrievably lost. Waiters were hurriedly tearing the tablecloths from the tables. The cats slinking around the veranda had a morning look. Day irresistibly heaved itself upon the poet. Mikhail Bulgakov –Master and Margarita Chapter 7 A Naughty Apartment If Styopa Likhodeev had been told the next morning: `Styopa! You'll be shot if you don't get up this minute!' - Styopa would have replied in a languid, barely audible voice:

`Shoot me, do what you like with me, I won't get up.' Not only not get up, it seemed to him that he could not open his eyes, because if he were to do so, there would be a ash of lightning, and his head would at once be blown to pieces. A heavy bell was booming in that head, brown spots rimmed with ery green oated between his eyeballs and his closed eyelids, and to crown it all he was nauseous, this nausea, as it seemed to him, being connected with the sounds of some importunate gramophone.

Styopa tried to recall something, but only one thing would get recalled - that yesterday, apparently, and in some unknown place, he had stood with a napkin in his hand and tried to kiss some lady, promising her that the next day, and exactly at noon, he would come to visit her. The lady had declined, saying: `No, no, I won't be home!', but Styopa had stubbornly insisted: `And I'll just up and come anyway!' Who the lady was, and what time it was now, what day, of what month, Styopa decidedly did not know, and, worst of all, he could not gure out where he was. He attempted to learn this last at least, and to that end unstuck the stuck-together lids of his left eye. Something gleamed dully in the semi-darkness. Styopa nally recognized the pier-glass and realized that he was lying on his back in his own bed - that is, the jeweller 's wife's former bed - in the bedroom. Here he felt such a throbbing in his head that he closed his eyes and moaned.

Let us explain: Styopa Likhodeev, director of the Variety Theatre, had come to his senses that morning at home, in the very apartment which he shared with the late Berlioz, in a big, six-storeyed, U-shaped building on 87 88 Mikhail BulgakovSadovaya Street.

It must be said that this apartment - no.50 - had long had, if not a bad, at least a strange reputation. Two years ago it had still belonged to the widow of the jeweller de Fougeray. Anna Frantsevna de Fougeray, a respectable and very practical fty-year-old woman, let out three of the ve rooms to lodgers: one whose last name was apparently Belomut, and another with a lost last name.

And then two years ago inexplicable events began to occur in this apartment: people began to disappear 1 from this apartment without a trace.

Once, on a day off, a policeman came to the apartment, called the sec- ond lodger (the one whose last name got lost) out to the front hall, and said he was invited to come to the police station for a minute to put his signa- ture to something. The lodger told An sa, Anna Frantsevna's long-time and devoted housekeeper, to say, in case he received any telephone calls, that he would be back in ten minutes, and left together with the proper, white-gloved policeman. He not only did not come back in ten minutes, but never came back at all. The most surprising thing was that the police- man evidently vanished along with him.

The pious, or, to speak more frankly, superstitious An sa declared out- right to the very upset Anna Frantsevna that it was sorcery and that she knew perfectly well who had stolen both the lodger and the policeman, only she did not wish to talk about it towards night-time.

Well, but with sorcery, as everyone knows, once it starts, there's no stopping it. The second lodger is remembered to have disappeared on a Monday, and that Wednesday Belomut seemed to drop from sight, though, true, under different circumstances. In the morning a car came, as usual, to take him to work, and it did take him to work, but it did not bring anyone back or come again itself.

Madame Belomut's grief and horror de ed description. But, alas, nei- ther the one nor the other continued for long. That same night, on re- turning with An sa from her dacha, which Anna Frantsevna had hurried off to for some reason, she did not nd the wife of citizen Belomut in the apartment. And not only that: the doors of the two rooms occupied by the Belomut couple turned out to be sealed.

Two days passed somehow. On the third day, Anna Frantsevna, who 1 ... people began to disappear: Here, as throughout The Master and Margarita, Bul- gakov treats the everyday Soviet phenomenon of `disappearances' (arrests) and other ac- tivities of the secret police in the most vague, impersonal and hushed manner. The main example is the arrest of the master himself in Chapter 13, which passes almost without mention. Master and Margarita 89had suffered all the while from insomnia, again left hurriedly for her dacha... Needless to say, she never came back! Left alone, An sa, having wept her ll, went to sleep past one o'clock in the morning. What happened to her after that is not known, but lodgers in other apartments told of hearing some sort of knocking all night in no.50 and of seeing electric light burning in the windows till morning.

In the morning it turned out that there was also no An sa!

For a long time all sorts of legends were repeated in the house about these disappearances and about the accursed apartment, such as, for in- stance, `that this dry and pious little An sa had supposedly carried on her dried-up breast, in a suede bag, twenty- ve big diamonds belonging to Anna Frantsevna. That in the woodshed of that very dacha to which Anna Frantsevna had gone so hurriedly, there supposedly turned up, of them- selves, some inestimable treasures in the form of those same diamonds, plus some gold coins of tsarist minting... And so on, in the same vein.

Well, what we don't know, we can't vouch for. However it may have been, the apartment stood empty and sealed for only a week. Then the late Berlioz moved in with his wife, and this same Styopa, also with his wife. It was perfectly natural that, as soon as they got into the malignant apartment, devil knows what started happening with them as well! Namely, within the space of a month both wives vanished.

But these two not without a trace. Of Berlioz's wife it was told that she had supposedly been seen in Kharkov with some ballet-master, while Styopa's wife allegedly turned up on Bozhedomka Street, where wagging tongues said the director of the Variety, using his innumerable acquaintances, had contrived to get her a room, but on the one condition that she never show her face on Sadovaya... And so, Styopa moaned. He wanted to call the housekeeper Grunya and ask her for aspirin, but was still able to realize that it was foolish, and that Grunya, of course, had no aspirin. He tried to call Berlioz for help, groaned twice: `Misha... Misha...', but, as you will understand, received no reply. The apartment was perfectly silent. Moving his toes, Styopa realized that he was lying there in his socks, passed his trembling hand down his hip to determine whether he had his trousers on or not, but failed. Finally, seeing that he was abandoned and alone, and there was no one to help him, he decided to get up, however inhuman the effort it cost him. Styopa unstuck his glued eyelids and saw himself re ected in the pier- glass as a man with hair sticking out in all directions, with a bloated phys- iognomy covered with black stubble, with puffy eyes, a dirty shirt, collar and necktie, in drawers and socks. 90 Mikhail BulgakovSo he saw himself in the pier-glass, and next to the mirror he saw an unknown man, dressed in black and wearing a black beret.

Styopa sat up in bed and goggled his bloodshot eyes as well as he could at the unknown man. The silence was broken by this unknown man, who said in a low, heavy voice, and with a foreign accent, the following words:

`Good morning, my most sympathetic Stepan Bogdanovich!' There was a pause, after which, making a most terrible strain on him- self, Styopa uttered:

`What can I do for you?' - and was amazed, not recognizing his own voice. He spoke the word `what' in a treble, `can I' in a bass, and his `do for you' did not come off at all.

The stranger smiled amicably, took out a big gold watch with a dia- mond triangle on the lid, rang eleven times, and said:

`Eleven. And for exactly an hour I've been waiting for you to wake up, since you made an appointment for me to come to your place at ten. Here I am!' 2 Styopa felt for his trousers on the chair beside his bed, whispered:

`Excuse me...', put them on, and asked hoarsely: `Tell me your name, please?' He had dif culty speaking. At each word, someone stuck a needle into his brain, causing infernal pain.

`What! You've forgotten my name, too?' Here the unknown man smiled.

`Forgive me...' Styopa croaked, feeling that his hangover had presented him with a new symptom: it seemed to him that the oor beside his bed went away, and that at any moment he would go ying down to the devil's dam in the nether world.

`My dear Stepan Bogdanovich,' the visitor said, with a perspicacious smile, `no aspirin will help you. Follow the wise old rule - cure like with like. The only thing that will bring you back to life is two glasses of vodka with something pickled and hot to go with it.' Styopa was a shrewd man and, sick as he was, realized that since he had been found in this state, he would have to confess everything.

`Frankly speaking,' he began, his tongue barely moving, `yesterday I got a bit...' `Not a word more!' the visitor answered and drew aside with his chair.

Styopa, rolling his eyes, saw that a tray had been set on a small table, 2 `Here I am' : Bulgakov quotes the exact words (in Russian translation) of Mephistophe- les' rst appearance to Faust in the opera Faust, by French composer Charles Gounod (1818–95). Master and Margarita 91on which tray there were sliced white bread, pressed caviar in a little bowl, pickled mushrooms on a dish, something in a saucepan, and, - nally, vodka in a roomy decanter belonging to the jeweller 's wife. What struck Styopa especially was that the decanter was frosty with cold. This, however, was understandable: it was sitting in a bowl packed with ice. In short, the service was neat, ef cient.

The stranger did not allow Styopa's amazement to develop to a morbid degree, but deftly poured him half a glass of vodka. `And you?' Styopa squeaked.

`With pleasure!' His hand twitching, Styopa brought the glass to his lips, while the stranger swallowed the contents of his glass at one gulp. Chewing a lump of caviar, Styopa squeezed out of himself the words: `And you... a bite of something?' `Much obliged, but I never snack,' the stranger replied and poured seconds. The saucepan was opened and found to contain frankfurters in tomato sauce.

And then the accursed green haze before his eyes dissolved, the words began to come out clearly, and, above all, Styopa remembered a thing or two. Namely, that it had taken place yesterday in Skhodnya, at the dacha of the sketch-writer Khustov, to which this same Khustov had taken Sty- opa in a taxi. There was even a memory of having hired this taxi by the Metropol, and there was also some actor, or not an actor... with a gramo- phone in a little suitcase. Yes, yes, yes, it was at the dacha! The dogs, he remembered, had howled from this gramophone. Only the lady Styopa had wanted to kiss remained unexplained... devil knows who she was...

maybe she was in radio, maybe not... The previous day was thus coming gradually into focus, but right now Styopa was much more interested in today's day and, particularly, in the appearance in his bedroom of a stranger, and with hors d'oeuvres and vodka to boot. It would be nice to explain that! `Well, I hope by now you've remembered my name?' But Styopa only smiled bashfully and spread his arms.

`Really! I get the feeling that you followed the vodka with port wine!

Good heavens, it simply isn't done!' `I beg you to keep it between us,' Styopa said fawningly.

`Oh, of course, of course! But as for Khustov, needless to say, I can't vouch for him.' `So you know Khustov?' `Yesterday, in your of ce, I saw this individuum brie y, but it only takes a eeting glance at his face to understand that he is a bastard, a 92 Mikhail Bulgakovsquabbler, a trimmer and a toady.' `Perfectly true!' thought Styopa, struck by such a true, precise and succinct de nition of Khustov. Yes, the previous day was piecing itself together, but, even so, anxiety would not take leave of the director of the Variety. The thing was that a huge black hole yawned in this previous day. Say what you will, Styopa simply had not seen this stranger in the beret in his of ce yesterday. `Professor of black magic Woland,' 3 the visitor said weightily, seeing Styopa's dif culty, and he recounted everything in order. Yesterday afternoon he arrived in Moscow from abroad, went immedi- ately to Styopa, and offered his show to the Variety. Styopa telephoned the Moscow Regional Entertainment Commission and had the question ap- proved (Styopa turned pale and blinked), then signed a contract with Pro- fessor Woland for seven performances (Styopa opened his mouth), and ar- ranged that Woland should come the next morning at ten o'clock to work out the details... And so Woland came. Having come, he was met by the housekeeper Grunya, who explained that she had just come herself, that she was not a live-in maid, that Berlioz was not home, and that if the visitor wished to see Stepan Bogdanovich, he should go to his bedroom himself. Stepan Bogdanovich was such a sound sleeper that she would not undertake to wake him up. Seeing what condition Stepan Bogdanovich was in, the artiste sent Grunya to the nearest grocery store for vodka and hors d'oeuv- res, to the druggist's for ice, and... `Allow me to reimburse you,' the morti ed Styopa squealed and began hunting for his wallet. `Oh, what nonsense!' the guest performer exclaimed and would hear no more of it. And so, the vodka and hors d'oeuvres got explained, but all the same Styopa was a pity to see: he remembered decidedly nothing about the contract and, on his life, had not seen this Woland yesterday. Yes, Khustov had been there, but not Woland. `May I have a look at the contract?' Styopa asked quietly.

`Please do, please do...' Styopa looked at the paper and froze. Everything was in place: rst of all, Styopa's own dashing signature... aslant the margin a note in the hand of the ndirector 4 Rimsky authorizing the payment of ten thousand 3 Woland: A German name for Satan, which appears in several variants in the old Faust legends (Valand, Woland, Faland, Wieland). In his drama, Goethe once refers to the devil as `Junker Woland'. 4Findirector: Typical Soviet contraction for ` nancial director '. Master and Margarita 93roubles to the artiste Woland, as an advance on the thirty- ve thousand roubles due him for seven performances. What's more, Woland's signa- ture was right there attesting to his receipt of the ten thousand!

`What is all this?!' the wretched Styopa thought, his head spinning.

Was he starting to have ominous gaps of memory? Well, it went without saying, once the contract had been produced, any further expressions of surprise would simply be indecent. Styopa asked his visitor 's leave to absent himself for a moment and, just as he was, in his stocking feet, ran to the front hall for the telephone. On his way he called out in the direction of the kitchen:

`Grunya!' But no one responded. He glanced at the door to Berlioz's study, which was next to the front hall, and here he was, as they say, abbergasted. On the door-handle he made out an enormous wax seal 5 on a string.

`Hel-lo!' someone barked in Styopa's head. `Just what we needed!' And here Styopa's thoughts began running on twin tracks, but, as always happens in times of catastrophe, in the same direction and, generally, devil knows where. It is even dif cult to convey the porridge in Styopa's head.

Here was this devilry with the black beret, the chilled vodka, and the in- credible contract... And along with all that, if you please, a seal on the door as well! That is, tell anyone you like that Berlioz has been up to no good - no one will believe it, by Jove, no one will believe it! Yet look, there's the seal! Yes, sir...

And here some most disagreeable little thoughts began stirring in Sty- opa's brain, about the article which, as luck would have it, he had recently in icted on Mikhail Alexandrovich for publication in his journal.

The article, just between us, was idiotic! And worthless. And the mo- ney was so little...

Immediately after the recollection of the article, there came ying a rec- ollection of some dubious conversation that had taken place, he recalled, on the twenty-fourth of April, in the evening, right there in the dining room, while Styopa was having dinner with Mikhail Alexandrovich. That is, of course, this conversation could not have been called dubious in the full sense of the word (Styopa would not have ventured upon such a con- versation), but it was on some unnecessary subject. He had been quite free, dear citizens, not to begin it. Before the seal, this conversation would undoubtedly have been considered a perfect tri e, but now, after the seal... 5 An enormous wax seal: Styopa immediately assumes that Berlioz has been arrested, hence his `disagreeable thoughts' about whether he may have compromised himself with the editor and thus be in danger of arrest himself. 94 Mikhail Bulgakov`Ah, Berlioz, Berlioz!' boiled up in Styopa's head. This is simply too much for one head!' But it would not do to grieve too long, and Styopa dialled the num- ber of the of ce of the Variety's ndirector, Rimsky. Styopa's position was ticklish: rst, the foreigner might get offended that Styopa was checking on him after the contract had been shown, and then to talk with the nd- irector was also exceedingly dif cult. Indeed, he could not just ask him like that:

`Tell me, did I sign a contract for thirty- ve thousand roubles yesterday with a professor of black magic?' It was no good asking like that!

`Yes!' Rimsky's sharp, unpleasant voice came from the receiver.

`Hello, Grigory Danilovich,' Styopa began speaking quietly, `it's Likho- deev. There's a certain matter... hm... hm... I have this... er... artiste Woland sitting here... So you see... I wanted to ask, how about this evening?...' `Ah, the black magician?' Rimsky's voice responded in the receiver.

The posters will be ready shortly.' `Uh-huh...' Styopa said in a weak voice, `well, bye...' `And you'll be coming in soon?' Rimsky asked.

`In half an hour,' Styopa replied and, hanging up the receiver, pressed his hot head in his hands. Ah, what a nasty thing to have happen! What was wrong with his memory, citizens? Eh?

However, to go on lingering in the front hall was awkward, and Sty- opa formed a plan straight away: by all means to conceal his incredible forgetfulness, and now, rst off, contrive to get out of the foreigner what, in fact, he intended to show that evening in the Variety, of which Styopa was in charge.

Here Styopa turned away from the telephone and saw distinctly in the mirror that stood in the front hall, and which the lazy Grunya had not wiped for ages, a certain strange specimen, long as a pole, and in a pince- nez (ah, if only Ivan Nikolaevich had been there! He