The written research proposal will be created based on a narrowly defined aspect of the topic selected in Week One. A research proposal is a detailed plan for a specific study to be conducted at a fut

Developmental Disability in Children

Heather Yant

PSY 635 Research Design and Methods
Instructor: Mary Kraft

3/24/18

Developmental Disability in Children

Developmental disability or disorders in children include early developmental disabilities, neurodevelopmental disorders in children, autism spectrum disorders, genetic disorders, dyslexia, brain impairments activity, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders(ADHD). Learning and communication disabilities, cerebral palsy, language impairments, vision impairments and mental disabilities (Wong, Odom, Hume, Cox, Fettig, Kucharczyk, & Schultz, 2015). These disorders exhibit a wide range of psychological and physical deficit in children. The purpose of conducting this research on developmental disability in children is to examine the importance of the topic to the field of psychology and how the issue will be of concern to my future career.

Long ago, a developmental disability in children was a foreign concept because people had not embraced research but now people know the influence of time and genetics makes up for child life. An upcoming psychologist working in the field developmental disability may fail to recognize how disability concepts and developmental changes relate to a child developmental disability. The study about the psychological process in children and disorders involved in a child life help psychologist know how to differentiate the methods from one child to the other and how those process or disability are influenced by time. Additionally, a study on child development and disability helps child psychologists in understanding the concepts and be able to work with children.

Child psychologists will be able to evaluate a child for development delays, signs of autism spectrum disorders and other disorders that may affect child development. There are varieties of researchers conducted by a different psychologist in this area of developmental disability whereby some scholar concentrate on child learning disability while other focus on neurodevelopmental impairment and other disorder relating to developmental disability in a child. A journal of autism and development disorder explains maternal parenting behaviors and child behaviors problem in families of a child and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. This scholar work was conducted by a variety of authors in collaboration with parenting and special education units, at University of Leuven (KU Leuven), and autism research.

The results of the research indicate that mothers of children with ASD report significant lower scores on rule and disciplines, but they record higher score on positive parenting. This is because children with autism developmental disorder have a problem in communicating directly with each other. Moreover, the signs of autism include delayed learning of language, difficulty making eye contact or holding a conversation, as well as difficulty with executive functioning which relates to reasoning and planning. Additional signs or symptoms consist of narrow, or intense interest, poor motors skills and sensory sensitivities. Parents for these children have to train their children on some of the methods of developing practical communication skills.

Additionally, the research outlined other concepts outlined in the study such as stimulating development and adapting the environment. Besides, the journal further explains variances in ages on how it relates to parenting behaviors in ASD versus control groups. The area of focus in this article was on the concrete, observable parenting behaviors and distinguished parenting styles. Parenting styles or parenting behaviors plays a critical role in how influences developmental disability in children. Parenting styles tend to focus on family climate, and it is built on combination of parenting styles whereas parental dimension focuses on elementary behaviors.

Parenting support entails behaviors such as acceptance, positive effects, and involvement. Parental control measures as used by parenting of children with ASD include a behavioral control which attempts to regulate the child’s behavior through monitoring the behavioral setting. The research provides a multiples perspective on parenting behavior's whereby the research focused on expanding the knowledge on the areas because little research was made focusing on concrete parenting in families of children with ASD (Maljaars, Boonen, Lambrechts, Van Leeuwen, & Noens, 2014). Parents raising a child with ASD have to deal with challenges that other parents with healthy children who are developing normally do not.

The authors of the article used various methods to arrive at their conclusion whereby they based their analysis on 989 Dutch- speaking families. Additionally, parts of Belgium and the Netherlands participated in this study. The research based on sample size 552 against suspected sample size of 437 (Maljaars, Boonen, Lambrechts, Van Leeuwen, & Noens, 2014). The parents through questionnaires they indicated how they received diagnosis and their year's diagnosis was available. The research excluded children with intellectual disability of less 70 and children involved in the research were between 6 and 18 years old. The authors reached parents of children with ASD through a newsletter and via the email link to allow the participants to conduct their research.

Later the research used IBM SPSS statistic –Manova to evaluate the results. The research methods used include qualitative research design which consists of a questionnaire. The questionnaires should have an accurate question and precise to the point, arranged adequately, arranged logically, short and straightforward among many other features. The study on actual parenting behaviors on children with ASD offers an understanding on the applicability of the research on the practical ways of handling problem of ASD in children and various problem parents faces while controlling and providing parenting support to their children as compared to those parents who have healthy children.

References

Abidin, R. R. (1990). Parenting stress index-short form (p. 118). Charlottesville, VA: Pediatric Psychology Press.

Maljaars, J., Boonen, H., Lambrechts, G., Van Leeuwen, K., & Noens, I. (2014). Maternal parenting behavior and child behavior problems in families of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(3), 501-512.

Wong, C., Odom, S. L., Hume, K. A., Cox, A. W., Fettig, A., Kucharczyk, S., ... & Schultz, T. R. (2015). Evidence-based practices for children, youth, and young adults with autism spectrum disorder: A comprehensive review. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(7), 1951-1966.