Hello, I have this computer science research about "Media Streaming"I already have all the informations in i just need the research to be more professional and there are some notes from my professor i
Introductions.
As internet users we should understand that there are many methods for sending a video over the internet. You have different alternatives, including streaming, progressive download and download and play. The method you choose will have a significant effect on your media experience.(Should we talk about the differences between the 3 types of alternatives or just continue the intro without explaining them, maybe describe them later in the report?)
How to say we will talk about streaming in the intro?
The idea of streaming is that a video is played on the site’s server without being downloaded to the user’s computer. The user can skip forward or backward to any part of the video they want, and only the bandwidth that the user watched will be used.
Streaming:
Definition.
Streaming is a way to deliver content usually in audio, video, or multimedia format to electronic devices using the Internet in real time. Streaming transmits large amounts of data on internet servers or one of the internet networks being used. When you stream a video, the data rate of the encoded document must be to some degree smaller than bandwidth capacity of the remote viewer or the video will stop playing. Streaming uses a Real Time Messaging Protocol, created by MacroMedia which later became owned by Adobe, while downloading uses an http protocol instead.
Why We Need Streaming.
Nowadays, billions of people whom using the internet are benefiting from streaming to deliver information through internet radio, archived media, and live webcast.
How Streaming works.
Back in the old days users had to download a whole file onto their hard drive to watch a video or listen to an audio file. It was very slow process, but streaming changed that. Now when a user wants to display a video or listen to an audio file the server will not send the whole file. The file will be split into multiple smaller files. Only the files necessary at that moment will be sent to the device that requested them allowing a transfer of data from Device A to Device B. Using a real time technique Device B receives the data and displays it to the user. This allows the system to not be clogged with a large amount of data at once, but instead sends smaller amounts of data in increments. Even though this system can move huge quantity of data it still have some limits. For example, it cannot always deliver the data in real time because of bandwidth limit, where a quantity of data is sent but its beyond the median probability capacity. Median probability capacity is the value that separates the higher half of the data from the lower half. This problem will slow the arrival of data or in some cases it might stop the data from transferring entirely. To solve this issue developers created a system called buffering. Buffering is an operation done in the device that will receive the data, and will cache the data when it arrives until it has a sufficient amount of data to present it all in one.
Types of streaming.
Streaming is divided into three main types and each one of these three has a special use for transferring the data. The first type of streaming is unicast which is the most widely used nowadays. In unicast an independent copy of the data is sent from the exporter to every device that requested a copy. For example, if Device A is to send some data to Device B and C, and we use unicast method then we will have two separate copies of the same data being sent from Device A. Device A’s first copy is going to Device B and the other copy is going to Device C. However, unicast is not a perfect streaming method because it still has some issues. The major issue with unicast is that it takes up all the bandwidth because it sends an independent copy of the data to each device. To solve this problem developers created another method called broadcasting. Broadcasting is the second method invented to stream and it sends only one copy of the data from the sender device to all devices that are connected to the network. Even though broadcasting was invented to solve the unicast problem it still has issues of its own. And the major issue with broadcasting is that it slows the user’s devices because it forces every user to receive a copy of the data even if the user does not need that data. Fortunately, developers invented multicast which is another streaming. The benefit of multicast is that it solves the issues the users have with the other streaming. For example, if device A the sender will send some data to device B and C, it will only send one copy of the data and this copy will only go to the devices that requested that data. So far multicasting considers to be the best streaming way.
Codec:
Definition.
Codec is considered to be the heart of streaming media. Codecs have two different components: encode which compress the file and decode which decompress the file. It also converts analog video into compressed video or analog audio sound into digital sound(why is it useful?).
Why do we need codec.
Codecs are involved in every step in the making of media streaming.(How are they involved?) Codecs are used to shoot the video, record an audio, and edit our videos and audios.
How codec works.
What happens when you play a multimedia is that that application you are trying to open will search the encoding library in your device to find the right encoding to use. However, what will happen if the application were not able to find the right encoding? Sometimes this could happen when the application is only able to find the volume encoding where you will only be able to hear what is in the file. Otherwise it will only find the encoding for the picture where you will be able to see the content, but you will not be able to hear. In other cases, the application will not be able to find any encoding and you will get an error message from your device. Therefore, you need to update your codec package to avoid running into problems like this.
Resolution in streaming:
Resolution Definition.
The display resolution is the height and width of a digital television, computer monitor, or any display device in pixels.
When producing streaming video, you have two options. Option 1 is to choose a data rate, then produce at the highest resolution that looks good at the data rate. Option 2 is to choose the desired resolution, then produce at the data rate necessary to produce good quality at that resolution.
Storage and Speed:
Definition.
The Data Rate is the measure of the video record every second of Data, most of the time it is in kilobits or megabits per second. Most videos begin at 29.97 or 24 frames per second.
Conclusion.
Links of Resources:
