Conduct research to identify a current problem in your dissertation topic or area of interest.Using the module readings and online resources, address the following:-Research at least five articles in

Running head: SHORT TITLE 0

[The words “Running head” only appear on page 1. The short title should be all capital letters and no longer than 50 characters. Page numbering starts on the cover page.]

Title of Report

Student Name

Argosy University Online

*Course ID—Course Name

*Module x, Assignment x

*Instructor Name

*Date

[The title page content should be centered on the top half of the page. APA Style requires Title, Name, and Academic Affiliation. * denotes additional required fields for your assignment.]

Text throughout the paper should be 12 point, Times New Roman font.

[The bottom of the title page may include an Author note. An author note identifies an author’s departmental affiliation, provides acknowledgements, disclaimers, point of contact or reader interest.]

Key: [Material in brackets] in this document is explanatory information that has been inserted for guidance. This information should not be included in your papers.

Abstract [Centered, Not bold]

If an abstract is required it would appear here. An abstract should be between 150–250 words. It consists of a single block of text with no indents (APA, 2010). See Section 2.04 in the Publication Manual of the APA for details on what should appear in an abstract.

Title of Report

[The title of the report appears centered on the top of the 1st page of the body content. It will appear in normal (not bold) 12 pt. Times New Roman text. All major words should be capitalized.]

[If a level one heading is used, skip one line and center the heading]

Skip one line (or doublespace). Use the tab key to indent ½ inch and begin writing the text of the paper. Each paragraph should be similarly indented.

Headings are useful to organize the paper. In most papers, Introduction is assumed and does not need to be used as a heading. Summary or Conclusions may be a good heading to use at the end of the paper.

Select the most important topics to use as headings, keeping in mind that headings are organized hierarchically. If your paper has three main ideas, those ideas should become level one headings. Additional sub-headings are used to add more details. In many papers one or two levels of headings are enough. When using APA style headings, they will appear as follows:

Level One: Centered, Bold, Major Words Capitalized

Level Two: Left Justified, Bold, Major Words Capitalized. Skip two spaces and begin text.

Level Three: Indented, bold, lowercase, ends with a period. Text follows immediately.

Level Four: Indented, bold, italics, lowercase, ends with a period. Text follows immediately.

Level Five: Indented, italics, lowercase, ends with a period. Text follows immediately.

[An example of all 5 levels of APA Style Headings]

Chapter Four: Findings

Level 1

Restatement of the Purpose

Level 2

This study was designed to evaluate learning outcomes for students in DE classes using MS PowerPoint presentations, in which some of the presentations were accompanied by textual information and some of the presentations were narrated by the presenter. It was an attempt to determine if there is a significant difference in learning outcomes for the students given these two methods of presentation. In addition, this study would attempt to determine if there is a direct correlation between student’s attitudes regarding these two presentation types and their test results.

Response rate. Because of the very low response rate, the results of this study cannot be generalized to a larger population; they cannot be trusted to accurately reflect the learning outcomes experienced by the students in these classes. They can also not be trusted to accurately reflect the attitudes of the students toward their learning experiences.

Level 3

Sample size. The sample size for both classes utilized in this study was small. The sample was smaller in fact than what was expected as there were 21 students who began the class. The time involved in downloading the narrated presentation was longer than most of the students had the patience for; that also makes the participants’ results questionable as there was no oversight of the process.

Level 5

Level 4

Composition I. The Composition I class had 21 students begin the term and 15 completed the class (see Table 4).

[Each heading level is subordinate to the preceding level.]

In-Text Citations

[In-text citations are used to let the reader know that a specific piece of information is taken from another source. It points to a more detailed citation on the references page so the reader can locate the original source of information. There are two kinds of in-text citations: parentheticals and non-parentheticals. In-text citations typically look like any of the following correct examples:]

Parenthetical
- (Last Name, 2007).
- (Last Name, 1st Initial [When needed for ID], 2007)
- (Last Name) [When the date is provided in a previous citation for the same source]
- (James, 1991a). [When there is more than one citation from the same author in the same year use lowercase letters to differentiate them.]
- (James, 1991, p. 7) or (James, 1991, para. 5). [para. is used for electronic texts without usable page numbers]
- (James, 1991; Johnson, 2011; Rogers, Anderson, & Tate, 2008) [2 or more works within the same parentheses]
- [When there is more than one citation to a particular source within a paragraph, all parenthetical citations need dates].

Non-parentheticals
- According to James, 1991, the dog found her way home. [This non-parenthetical style improves the flow of the writing]
- According to James (1991), “Lassie went home” (p. 7). [This mixture of mixture of parenthetical and non-parenthetical for a quote would be a very commonly used citation style]
- In 1991, James’ study showed that the dog arrived at home. [This citation style would highlight the timeframe]
- According to J. James (1991), Lassie was able to find her way home. [When there is more than one article by different authors with the same last name in the same year, add the 1st initial for identification]
- [When there is more than one citation to a specific source within a paragraph, the year is needed only the first time for non-parenthetical references, however, the year is needed every time for parenthetical references. See the example below:]

- - Smith and Jones (2011) note that students often misunderstand proper techniques for APA citations. In their recent study, Smith and Jones [no year here] noted 27% error rates among graduate students when looking at all possible errors. The study examined error rates between students in different programs and compared graduate versus undergraduate students (Smith & Jones, 2011).

[The most important thing to remember when determining what the in-text citation should be is that it must match the first element of the reference list citation.]

Reference Examples

[This is not a reference list. In a reference list all references are alphabetized by author, they are not broken into sections by type of reference as this list does. Please see page 14 for a sample reference list. This list is not all encompassing. When in doubt, provide as much information as you can to help someone else find your source on his or her own.]

Journal article

Last name, F. I. (year). Title of article. Publication name, Vol(Issue), page numbers [use an en dash (–) for page ranges, not a hyphen (-)]. Retrieved from [database name], url, or doi.

Aarntzen, D. (1993). Audio in courseware: Design knowledge issues. Educational Training and Technology International, 30(4), 354–366.

Ascough, R. S. (2002). Designing for online distance education: Putting pedagogy before technology. Teaching Theology and Religion, 5(1), 17–29. [title with colon]

Barron, A. E., & Kysilka, M. L. (1993). The effectiveness of digital audio in computer-based training. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 25(3), 277–289. [2 authors]

Carlson, S. (2002). Wired to the hilt: Saint Joseph’s University stakes its future on a $30-million bet. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 48(29). Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/free/v48/i29/29a03301.htm [article with url]

Heath, J. (2007). An adversarial ethic for business: Or when Sun-Tzu met the stakeholder. Journal of Business Ethics, 72(4), 359–374. doi:10.1007/s10551-006-9175-5 [article with doi]

Hochmuth, P. (2002, April). E-learning goes to the head of the class: Higher education IT shops grapple with multimedia apps. Network World, 25–26. [article with month]

Johnston, P. (2001). After the big bang: Forces of change and e-Learning. Ariadne, 27. Retrieved from www.araidne.ac.uk/issue27/johnston [article with url]

Franklin, K. K., Chesser, J. S., Edeston, R. J., Edwards-Schafer, P., Marvin, S. R., & Satkowski-Harper, T. (2001). Faculty attitudes about instructional technology in a metropolitan university classroom. Metropolitan Universities, 12(1), 50–61. [article with 6 or 7 authors]

Kessler, R. C., Adler, L., Barkley, R., Biederman, J., Conners, C. K., Demler. O., . . . Walters, E. E. (2006). The prevalence and correlates of Adult ADHD in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Relication. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(4), 716. [article with more than 7 authors]

McFadden, A. C., Marsh, G. E., & Price, B. J. (1999, Winter). Why do educators embrace high-cost technologies? Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 2(4). Retrieved from http://www.westga.edu/~distance/mcfadden24.html [article, 3 authors, with url]

Pearce, H. (2002). How audio helps learning. Retrieved from Camosun College, Distributed Education website: http://disted.camosun.bc.ca/audio/audio.htm [article from website]

University of Pittsburgh, Faculty Development Services. (n.d.). Instructional considerations for using presentation software. Retrieved from http://www.pitt.edu/~ciddeweb/FACULTY-DEVELPOMENT/FDS/Presentation/ [article, no date, with url]

Vlad, I., Sallot, L. M., & Reber, B. H. (2006). Rectification without assuming responsibility: Testing the transgression flowchart with Vioxx recall. Journal of Public Relations Research, 18(4), 357–379. doi:10.1207/s1532754xjprr1804_4 [article 3–5 authors with doi]

Books

Last name, F. I. (year). Title of book. Place of Publication [City, State (abbreviated)]: Publisher. [Book]

Fordney, M. T. (2008). Insurance handbook for the medical office (10th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier. [book with edition number]

Geoghan, D. (2012). Introductory: Visualizing technology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. [“Inc.” removed from publisher name]

[Edited Book]

Partington, A. (Ed.). (1996). The Oxford dictionary of quotations (Rev. 4th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

[Electronic Book]

Weinberg, M. (2002). A short history of American capitalism. Amherst, MA: New History Press. Retrieved from http://newhistory.org.

[Book with 2 authors]

Grassian, E. S., & Kaplowitz, J. R. (2001). Information literacy instruction: Theory and practice. New York, NY: Neal-Schuman.

Dempsey, J. S., & Forst, L. S. (2011). Police (Instructor edition). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning. [instructor’s edition]

Kearsley, G., & Shneiderman, B. (1999). Engagement theory: A framework for technology-based teaching and learning. Retrieved from http://home.sprynet.com/~gkearsley/engage.htm [electronic book]

[Book with 3–7 authors]

Bennett, A. B., Burton, L. J., & Nelson, L. T. (2010). Mathematics for elementary teachers: A conceptual approach (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Maimon, E. P., Peritz, J. H., & Yancey, K. B. (2009). The McGraw-Hill handbook (2nd ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.

[Chapter in an edited book]

Driscoll, M. P. (1995). Paradigms for research in instructional systems. In G. J. Anglin (Ed.), Instructional technology: Past present and future (pp. 322–329). Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited.

Passerini, K., & Granger, M. J. (1999). Integration of instructional approaches through media combination in an undergraduate information systems course. In L. Lloyd (Ed.), Teaching with technology: Rethinking tradition (pp. 307–322). Medford, NJ: Information Today.

Publications from a Database and/or with No Author

Anonymous. (2013). Death preoccupies America. America’s Civil War 26(5), 9. Available from ProQuest Central. [article from a database, Anonymous author]

Education in England. (2011). Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Paris, France. Available from ProQuest Central. [article retrieved from a database, no author]

PR Newswire. (2005). Fiskar acquires Cloud 9 design and Heidi Grace Designs. PR Newswire: New York, NY. Available from ProQuest Central. [article retrieved from a database, no author]

Publisher as Author

Name of Association or Corporation. (year). Title of work. Place of Publication: Author.

American Library Association. (1989). Presidential Committee on Information Literacy: Final report. (1989). Chicago, IL: Author.

American Psychiatric Association. (APA; 1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed. text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.

American Psychological Association. (APA; 2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington DC: Author.

Dissertation

Last name, F. I. (year). Title of doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis. (Doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis). Retrieved from Name of database. (Accession or Order No.)

Berkelaar, B. L. (2010). Cyber-vetting: Exploring the implications of online information for career capital and human capital decisions. (Doctoral dissertation, Purdue University). Retrieved from Proquest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. AAT 3444477)

Bertrand-Hines, T. A. (2001). Learning styles and preferred instructional technologies of students at a distance. (Doctoral dissertation, The University of New Mexico). Dissertation Abstracts International, 61(07), 2552. (UMI No. AAT 9977769).

Idio, I. E. (2000). A study of teachers' perceptions about their ability to integrate computer technology into the instructional process: A case study, Dogwood Elementary (Virginia). (Doctoral dissertation, University of Sarasota). Dissertation Abstracts International, 61(03). (UMI No AAT 9964443).

Last name, F. I. (year). Title of doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis). Name of Institution, Location.

Nalepa, L. (2001). Development of a strategic technology plan for American Intercontinental University. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL.

Paper presented at a Conference

Last name, F. I. (year). Title of paper. Paper presented at [Name of Conference], [Conference location]. doi (if there is one)

Deckers, J. (2011). Could some people be wronged by contracting swine flu? A case discussion on the links between the farm animal sector and human disease. Paper presented at the International Swine Flu Conference in London, England. doi:10.1136/jme.2010.0400789

Kerr, B. (1999, March). Effective use of audio media in multimedia presentations. Paper presented at the 4th Annual Mid-South Instructional Technology Conference, Murfreesboro, Tennessee.

Report

Last name, F. I. (or Corporation). (year). Title of report (Report No. XXX). Location: Publisher. [or Retrieval statement for electronic sources]

Nalepa, L. (2000). Evaluation of a multimedia software package for use at American Intercontinental University. (Practicum Report). Ft. Lauderdale, FL: Nova Southeastern University.

Saba, F. (1999). Software systems in distance teaching and learning. Distance Education Report, 3(7), 1–2. Retrieved from ERIC database. [Report retrieved from a database, also published in a journal]

References [Sample]