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Title: Psychological Evaluation for Jessica E. Smith

Introduction

The Diagnostic and Statistical guidebook of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the guidebook utilized by health providers in the U.S as well as most regions around the globe as the authentic guidebook for the decisions made on mental disorders. It has descriptions, side effects, and other tests for diagnosing mental illnesses. The results from the manual are dependable and can be used as a part of exploring mental health. DSM–5 is the newer reviewed version with substantial changes made by omitting essential subgroups of schizophrenia such as paranoid as well as catatonic, this is the latest edition of DMS and currently it is what assisted in the formulation diagnostic of Jessica Smith which will include the principle as well as secondary diagnosis as well as the differential, reasons, and social and cultural factors (Association, 2013).

Diagnoses

From the interview, we get to learn a lot of information about Jessica Smith. The history of her family as well as her childhood, and the many challenges she faced through her life are mentioned. Due to everything that Smith experienced, she suffered from drug abuse disorder and depression disorder. The principal diagnosis is the condition that was perceived to be primarily responsible for the patient being referred for an assessment; her depression. In the case of Jessica Smith, principal diagnosis can be defined as the psychological assessment she underwent to determine if her emotional difficulties interfered with her job as well as living a productive life. The results of Smith being put under medication were drug abuse as well as depression. From her outcome mentally, we learn that she had been advised to take with an array of drugs to assist with her depression and troubles with her being anxious.

The conclusions from the evaluation show that Jessica presented numerous symptoms of psychosocial. As a result, the paramount diagnosis for her signs would be Substance induced Anxiety Disorder which was a result of her stress (Crowe, 2017). This is derived from the assessment questions were asked and the patient responded to them directly. From the findings, Jessica was also fit to be described as having Borderline Personality Disorder. There were numerous secondary diagnosis components gotten from the interview. Her childhood was not a pleasant one, she was frequently abused by her mother who would shout at her, shove her around and even physically assault her. Her dad was not of any help because he would excessively drink. She turned to drugs to help her deal with the troubles she faced at home. Her old friends were a big bad influence on her, this is another secondary diagnosis. From their influence, she dropped out of school and joined them in abusing drugs and taking alcohol.

Reasons

The way that the principle was carefully picked was from the conditions of Jessica’s admission. The diagnosis was due to the circumstances that she had gone through such as Drug abuse, depression, and stress. Because of the domestic problems she faced, she started drinking at a very young age which eventually graduated to the abuse of multiple substances. She had many traits of anxiety due to the emotional and physical abuse she endured. From the evaluations she had, she received outpatient psychotropic medication to assist with her psychological symptoms. Borderline Personality Disorder; Jessica Smith had problems in denial of being accepted as well as her feeling of being abandoned. Her unpredictable mood swings displayed and affirmed that she had Borderline Personality Disorder.

Other factors that may have led to the development of the secondary diagnosis disorders in Jessica with regards to the interview would be inclusive of the surroundings that she grew up in as well as the psychological torture she got from her parents. This is seen when Jessica dropped out of school and started drinking and abusing drugs with her old friends. Additionally, from her childhood she was subjected to psychological trauma; from her other being physically and emotionally abusive to her and her father always drinking. This resulted in her taking alcohol to assist her cope.

Social and Cultural factors

Family lifestyle is the social factor which greatly made an impact on the principal and secondary diagnosis. In the evaluation, Jessica Smith talked about her mother and how she would often take out her frustration on her. She further explains how her mother would raise her voice at her and physically assault her while her father was wasted from drinking alcohol. Due to the feeling of being neglected that Jessica Smith got from her parents, Smith became negative in her self-image. Alcohol consumption, as well as addiction to drugs, was as a result of peer pressure. Other than her mother, we see that most of her relationships were abusive in a way either physical or emotional which vastly affected her depression. Due to the depression, she resulted in attempted suicide. Also, the passing of her sister could have been a reason why she was engaged in substance abuse. Evidence also shows that her being unemployed and inability to remain employed for not more than 6 months had a part in her drinking problem.

Differential Diagnoses

Other than the reality that Smith’s evaluation is highly connected to social factors, there are several circumstances that could result in the same analysis. Such as being anxious, as a disorder, has been largely connected to a wide range of medications. The best differential diagnosis that is appropriate for Jessica in regard to her experiences is depression. Other signals that are linked however credited to a substitute criterion, this shows that Dysthymic Disorder could not be settled. It is evident that Jessica experiences some norms suitable for Dysthymic Disorder, nevertheless there were times when Smith did not go through any difficulties. There is a differential diagnosis that could be suitable for Borderline Personality Disorder that is the Dissociative Disorder based on child neglection by the parents. Additionally, another differential diagnosis can be the Bipolar disorder. She has mood swings that make her unstable that makes her qualify as a patient of having bipolar disorder.

Reasons

From the numerous time when Jessica has been low, a major selection made as the differential diagnosis is depression. She showed being sad, irritable, having low energy, not being hopeful and not worthy as well as trouble with her concentration. These difficulties have resulted in her contemplation in committing suicide to solve her problems. Dysthymic Disorder cannot be dismissed regardless to being considered as a remote differential diagnosis.

Rationale and Justification

Through the entire process, Jessica illustrated positiveness and happiness and consequently, the diagnosis assumed under Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder, as well as Borderline Personality Disorder, makes up the better diagnosis for the client at the period (Valerie Porr, 2010). To clarify this, there are a few factors to be taken into consideration, first, our dependency is on the fact that she is still incapable to embrace relationships; it is still below what is expected but she is receiving assistance that she needs from the therapeutic professional. Her difficulty when it comes to unemployment can be explained because she is in the contribution to her journey to healing.

The most meaningful impacts that assisted in deciding on the analysis is the fact that she has been through long durations when she abused substances, the feeling of neglect and being abandoned by her parents at a tender age, as well her abusive relationships an adult. Substance-induced Anxiety Disorder was established to be straight to the actual difficulty based in the cognitive and behavioural connection that were disclosed by the patient through the entire interview. From the social conditions that Jessica has experienced and survived, it shows that the base diagnoses that is given under the primary and secondary procedure are the better illustration of what Jessica is ailing from. The DSM–5 presents the precise coding under that we fathom the basis of what Jessica referred to the clinic and what happens after the essential data has been gotten from Jessica.

Conclusion

From the case study of Jessica, it can be urged that any standards of preventing for promoting the personal skills of Jessica Smith as well as being able to concur her difficulties with being anxious should be exercised. A method focused on the risk to abusing of drugs prevention holds ability for classifying effective prevention plans. This measure will be effective in that it will assist her in decreasing her abuse of substances as well as assist with her struggles and difficulties to have a stable and loving relationship without physical and emotional abuse.

References

Association, A. P. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub.

Crowe, S. L. (2017). Maladaptive Behavior & Psychopathology with Dr. Jennifer Hahn. Diagnostic Case Reports. In Argosy University.

Valerie Porr, M. (2010). Overcoming Borderline Personality Disorder: A Family Guide for Healing and Change. Oxford University Press.