Write a 5 paper APA style and PowerPoint with 5 slides on Chapter 11 “Pay and Incentive Systems” topics, issues, pros and con. Need 10 references.***For references only use Academic , and peer
Miami-Dade College
APA Guidelines
Dr. Eric Terry
APA title page format requirements:
APA Title Page
A header appears on every page. The words “Running head” only appear on the first
page.
To insert the header into your paper, select insert then page number, top of page and select the third option: plain number 3. Be sure the page number is in a 12-point font to match the text in the body of your paper. Type “Running head:” then your title in all capital letters. Use the space bar to move the running head information to the left margin.
Select “different first page” then insert page numbers on page 2 and type the title in all capital letters. Left align the title like on page 1.
The title of your paper, your name, the course title, instructor, and due date belong
centered in the middle of page 1.
Running head: TITLE 1
The Running head includes the words “Running head” with a colon (:). The title of the document, in all capital letters, belongs after the colon. If the title is long, only use 50 characters of your title, including spaces and
punctuation.
Title of Paper
Your Name
Course Name Number/Section
Instructor
Date
BUS 110/101
Paul Howe or Mr. Howe
August 2011
Basic Formatting for APA Papers:
1-inch margins
Double spaced
Times New Roman or Arial Font
Abstract
The abstract is created on a blank page and follows the title page. The page header will still contain the title of the paper in all capital letters, but “Running head:” is no longer needed.
Start the page with the word “Abstract” in the center of the first line. There is no other formatting required, i.e. bold, italics, or underlining. The body of the abstract will be one double-spaced paragraph, and it does not need a paragraph indention at the beginning of the paragraph.
The abstract should be a clearly written, 150-250 word summary of the main points in the research paper. Try to focus on the topic, research, questions encountered, method, results, conclusion, and, if needed, future research in the paper.
*Not all papers require an abstract. Ask your instructor if this section is needed.
TITLE 2
Abstract
Erik Erikson was a psychologist specializing in neo Freudian studies. Many of his thoughts came from the Freud way of thinking. A neo Freudian is someone who is influenced by and still practices elements of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis. Erik Erikson’s development theory expanded on Freud’s five stages of development, and he later developed an eight stage model of development known as The Life Cycle Completed. The ego and sexual development are a large focus for Erik Erikson’s stages. In each of his stages there are two main terms for the individual to learn and they are always opposites of each other, i.e. trust v. mistrust, and autonomy v. shame. Current psychologists and researchers still use Erikson’s stages of development for individual assessments and research is still conducted to prove the validity of Erikson’s design. Erikson’s work is important to various areas of psychology especially those dealing with development and personality.
Body of Paper
The main body of the APA research paper should begin on a new page following the abstract. The words “Running head” no longer appear on each page, but the page number remains in the upper right corner of the paper. Center the title of your paper on the first line of this page.
Titles
When referring to the title of a work within your paper, capitalize the first word and all
words four letters or more long.
Capitalize words under four letters if they are nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs.
Capitalize both words if separated by a hyphen.
Do Not Capitalize:
articles (e.g. a, an, the)
prepositions (e.g. against, between, in, of, to)
coordinating conjunctions (e.g. and, but, for, nor, so, yet)
the to infinitive (i.e. How to Write a Paper)
Italicize titles of books, edited collections, movies, television series, albums, etc. Ex: The Sound of Music.
In-Text Citation Basics
In-text citations consist of author’s last name and year of publication. Include the appropriate page number(s) when directly quoting.
In-text citations are used throughout your paper when you are directly quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing an author’s work.
If there is no author, use the first few words of the title in quotation marks in the in-text citation.
One Author
(Johnson, 2009, p. 17).
Two Authors
(Twedel & McDonough, 2009, p. 17).
Three-Five Authors
First citation:
(Yudkin, Brown, & Smith, 2009, p. 17). All other citations:
(Yudkin et al., 2009, p. 17).
Six or More Authors
(Calhoun et al., 2009, p. 17).
No Author
(“Quitting Smoking,” 2011, p. 5).
Short Quotations
When directly quoting from a work, be sure to include the author, year of publication, and page number in the citation. Begin the quotation with an introductory, or signal, phrase. An introductory phrase includes the author’s name, and/or title of the source. If the author’s name is used within the introductory phrase, follow this phrase with the publication date in parentheses. If the author’s name is not used, the author’s last name, the year of publication, and the page numbers will be placed in parentheses after the quotation.
With author’s name in signal phrase:
According to Johnson (2009), “eye injuries often occur at work, during recreational activities and while performing routine household chores” (p. 17).
Without author’s name in signal phrase:
He says, “It’s important to wear protective eye-wear,” but does not state where to purchase said eye-wear (Johnson, 2009, p. 17).
Long Quotations
Quotations longer than 40 words will be set up in a block quotation, omitting quotation marks. To begin, type a signal phrase followed by a colon. The quotation begins on a new line and is indented one tab button (like a paragraph indention). (Note: The period will come before the citation in the block form of quotations only).
When speaking of eye protection, Johnson (2009) states the following:
According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, about 2,000 U.S. workers suffer job-related eye injuries that require medical treatment each day. Wearing protective eye gear—such as goggles, face shields and safety glasses— can reduce the severity of these injuries or even prevent up to 90 percent of them. (p. 17)
Summary or Paraphrase
If you are not directly quoting the work but paraphrasing an idea from the work, you are still required to cite the source. The page number is not a required citation when summarizing and paraphrasing a work.
According to Johnson (2009), the eye’s exposure to sun can cause the development of many
diseases of the eye.
The eye’s exposure to sun can cause the development of many diseases of the eye (Johnson,
2009).
Secondary Sources
When using information quoted from another source, the original source must get credit and the citation must be provided for the secondary source. For example, you are reading Johnson’s article and in the article, Johnson cites Starnes’ work. If you want to use Starnes’ ideas for your paper, you need to give credit to the original author (Starnes) and where you found the information (Johnson’s article). On the reference page, list Johnson’s article in the correct format. Within the paper, use an introductory phrase, as shown in the example below, to credit Starnes’ work; in the citation, use as cited in and the usual citation information. This lets the reader know the information was from Johnson but originated with Starnes.
Starnes’ research (as cited in Johnson, 2009, p. 17) shows the benefits of using eye protection.
Works with More than One Author
When a work has two authors, cite both names every time the reference occurs within the text.
Twedel and McDonough (2009) find that the lake is clean (p. 17). (Twedel & McDonough, 2009, p. 17).
When a work has three, four, and five authors, cite all authors in the first citation and cite only
the first author’s name followed by et al. in subsequent citations.
Use as first citation in text
Yudkin, Brown and Smith (2009) say it will be cold (p. 17). (Yudkin, Brown, & Smith, 2009, p. 17).
Use in subsequent citations
Yudkin et al. (2009) say the ball is round (p. 17).
(Yudkin et al., 2009, p. 17).
When a work has six or more authors, cite only the first author’s name followed by et al. in the
first and subsequent citations.
According to Calhoun et al., (2009) flowers irritate allergies (p. 17). or
(Calhoun et al., 2009, p. 17).
APA Reference Format Basics
The Reference page belongs in the same document with the rest of the paper. The page header should be at the top of the page. Center the word References at the top of the page.
Alphabetize entries by the first item, such as the author’s last name. If there is no author,
the title will appear first.
The first line of each entry should not be indented; the second, third, fourth, etc. line(s) should be indented five spaces (or ½ inch). This is called a hanging indentation. See the examples on the pages which follow.
Only the first word of the title and subtitle, if applicable, is capitalized. This applies to book and article titles.
Example 1 (book title): How to write a paper
Example 2 (article title): Health education-The case for rehabilitation
The Writing Center has a copy of the 6th edition APA manual for student use. If you have a source that isn’t listed on this guide or have any questions about APA format, please come by and ask a writing consultant.
Table of Contents – Reference Samples (Ask your professor if this section is needed).
Author with more than one work ...................................................................................................11
Blog Posting...................................................................................................................................14
Book(s).............................................................................................................................................8
Chapter from a Textbook .................................................................................................................9
Electronic Book .............................................................................................................................12
Encyclopedia Entry ..........................................................................................................................9
Government / University Online Document ..................................................................................10
Government Document ....................................................................................................................9
Images ............................................................................................................................................14
Instructor Handout .........................................................................................................................13
Instructor Lecture ...........................................................................................................................13
Interview – Personal Communication............................................................................................13
Online Book (from NCLive)..........................................................................................................12
Online Encyclopedia or Dictionary ...............................................................................................13
Online Journal Article from Subscription Database (i.e. NCLive)................................................10
Online Journal Article with DOI....................................................................................................11
Online Magazine Article ................................................................................................................12
Online Newspaper Article..............................................................................................................12
Website Article ................................................................................................................................9
Sample APA References: BOOKS
In-Text Citation
Book – One Author
(Note: Only the first word in the title should be capitalized, and title of book goes in italics)
LastName, FirstInitial. MiddleInitial. (Date of Publication). Title of
book (edition [if applicable].). City of Publication, State:
Publisher.
Yudkin, J. M. (2008). Understanding music (5th ed.). Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.
Book—Two or More Authors
(Note: Include all authors’ names up to and including seven authors [see example one below]. When there are eight or more authors, include the first six author’s names, then insert an ellipsis […], and add the last author’s name [see example two below]).
Example One- work with up to seven authors (list all names): Yudkin, J. M., Brown, M. L., & Smith, L. K. (2009). Defending the
Truth (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.
Example Two- work with more eight or more authors:
Weiss, J., Baker, H., Tripp, C., Deal, E.W., Carruthers, E., Thompson, F., … Harvey, P. (2011). The long, long road from psychodrama. Middltown, OH: Interesting Books, Inc.
(Yudkin, 2008, p. 17).
List all names up to six authors
(Yudkin, Brown & Smith, 2009).
Use et al. for seven or more authors
(Weiss et al., 2011).
Chapter from a Textbook
(Note: Only the first word of the title of the chapter and the title of the textbook are capitalized. Always put the word “In” before the title of the textbook).
LastName, FirstIntital. MiddleIntital. (Date of Publication). Title of chapter. In Title of textbook (edition number if applicable and page numbers). City of Publication, State: Publisher.
Yudkin, J. H. (2008). The nineteenth century: Early romantic music. In Understanding music (5th ed., pp. 22-55). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.
Government Document
National Institute of Food Safety. (1999). Clinical training in serious food borne illness (FDA Publication No. ADM 92-1862). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Encyclopedia Entry
Weinberger, P. G. (2003). Research. In The new encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 22, p.101). Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica.
Sample APA References: ONLINE Website Article – No Author
(Note: Only the first word of the title of the website needs to be capitalized. The words “Retrieved from” go before the URL. There is no need to write out the entire URL in the citation. Do not include a
period at the end of the entry.)
In-Text Citation
(Yudkin, 2008, p. 52).
Agency is named in first citation with abbreviation in square brackets. Abbreviation is used in all subsequent citations.
(National Institute of Food Safety [NIFS], 1999). (NIFS, 1999).
(Weinberger, 2003).
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In-Text Citation
Title of web page. (Date of Publication). Retrieved from
http://www.website.com
AAMI standards philosophy and strategy: Key elements. (2007, June).
Retrieved from http://www.aami.org/standards/
philosophy.html
Government / University Online Document
(Note: Organizations and government agencies can be authors as shown in the sample below.)
Author. (Date of Publication, Creation, or Revision). Title of document. Retrieved from http://www.website.com
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2009, October 9). FDA awards $17.5 million in grants to further study food and feed safety. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/ PressAnnouncements/ucm186150.htm
Online Journal Article from Subscription Database (i.e. NCLive)
(“AAMI,” 2007).
When used in the in-text citation, article titles are enclosed in quotation marks.
Agency is named in first citation with abbreviation in square brackets. Abbreviation is used in all subsequent citations.
(U.S. Food and Drug Administration [FDA], 2009). (FDA, 2009).
with Volume and Issue
(Note: The title of the journal includes capital letters where appropriate. This title and the Volume Number are in italics).
from
LastName, FirstIntital. MiddleIntital. (Date of Publication). Article title. Journal Name. Volume(Issue Number), Inclusive Page-
Numbers. Retrieved from http://www.website.com
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In-Text Citation
Twedel, D., & McDonough, M. (2009, August) Treating ventricular tachycardia. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing.
40(8), 342-343. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.com
Journal Article with DOI
LastName, FirstIntital. MiddleIntital. (Date of Publication). Article title. Journal Name. Volume(Issue Number), Inclusive Page- Numbers. doi: 10.10xx/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Green, J. (2008, December) Health education-The case for rehabilitation. Critical Public Health. 18(4), 447-456. doi:
10.1080/09581590802443596
Author(s) with more than one work
(Note: Prioritize works by year of publication, oldest first; if published in the same year, assign alphabetic designations (a, b, c) to works in alphabetic order.).
Example One- Same author, different years of publication: Hamon, T. (2001). The role of calcium in the diet. Vitamins from
A-Z. 12(9), 12-13. Retrieved from http://website.com
Hamon, T. (2003). Healthy bones linked to vitamin D. Vitamins from
A-Z. 14(18), 240 - 245. Retrieved from http://website.com
(Twedel & McDonough,
2009, p. 342).
(Green, 2008, p. 448).
(Hamon, 2003, p. 17).
(Hamon, 2008, p. 242).
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Example Two- Same author, same year of publication:
Hamon, T. (2003a). Can’t get enough vitamin C. Vitamins from A-Z.
14 (17), 22-25. Retrieved from http://website.com
Hamon, T. (2003b). Healthy bones linked to vitamin D. Vitamins from
A-Z. 14 (18), 12-13. Retrieved from http://website.com
Online Book (from NCLive)
LastName, FirstIntital. MiddleIntital. (Date of Publication). Title of book. Retrieved from http://www.website.com
Calhoun, S., & Bradley, J. (1997). Nutrition, cancer and you: What you need to know, and where to start. Retrieved from http://www.netlibrary.com
Electronic Books
Ellsberg, M. (2010). The power of eye contact: Your secret success in business, love, and life. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/ebooks?id=XOp86Mf0jY0C&as_brr=
5&source=webstore_bookcard
Online Newspaper Article
Chernow, R. (2009, October 23). Everyman’s financial meltdown. The
New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.com
Online Magazine Article
Klein, J. (2011, August 29). What a win. Time Magazine, 178(8).
Retrieved from http://www.time.com/time/magazines
In-Text Citation
(Hamon, 2003a, p. 23).
(Hamon, 2003b, p. 12).
(Calhoun & Bradley, 1997).
(Ellsberg, 2010, p. 232).
(Chernow, 2009)
(Klein, 2011)
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Online Encyclopedia or Dictionary
(Note: If there is an author available, begin with the author’s LastName, FirstInitial, MiddleInitial. If not, begin with the article title.)
Society. (1993). In Encyclopædia Britannica online. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/society
Other Types of Sources
Interview - Personal Communication
(Note: Personal interviews are not included on the Reference page. They are noted in the text only. Include interviewee’s name, type and date of interview.)
Instructor Lecture
LastName, FirstInitial. MiddleInitial. (Year, Month). Title of lecture.
In class lecture, Location.
Benton, L. (2010, November).The Romantic period. In class lecture, Caldwell Community College and Technical Institute.
Instructor Handout
LastName, FirstInitial. MiddleInitial. (Year, Month). Title of handout.
Source of handout, Location.
Benton, L. (2010, November). Attributes of the Romantic period.
Course Blackboard page, Caldwell Community College and
Technical Institute.
In-Text Citation
(“Society,” 1993).
(Matt Williams, personal communication, August 25,
2011).
(Benton, 2010).
(Benton, 2010).
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Blog Posting
(Note: Use the author’s full name if available; if not, use the screen
name. Use the exact date of the posting.)
LastName, FirstIntital. MiddleIntital. (Year, Month Day). Subject of the message. [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.website.com
The Jolly Reader. (2011, June 30). A pirate learns to read. [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://thejollyreader.wordpress.com/
2011/06/30/a-pirate-learns-to-read/
Images
Images – such as photographs, charts and graphs –are inserted into the body of the paper as near the text which discusses the image as possible. Each image will be labeled as a “Figure” and citation information is noted in the figure legend or caption. Using text boxes
will simplify the labeling process.
In-Text Citation
(The Jolly Reader, 2011).
Figure 1 Cover of APA Publication Manual, 6th Edition
APA publication manual, 6th ed. [Image]. Retrieved from http://www.bakeru.edu/images/stories/1_Academics/2_Library/ci tation/apa_6th_ed.gif
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Quick Reference
General Guidelines for Writing an APA Paper
Here are some general rules for setting up your paper. These rules follow the APA 6th edition (American Psychological Association) recommendations.
1). Font: Use Times New Roman 12-point.
2). Line-Spacing: Use double spacing throughout your paper.
3). Margins: Use 1-inch margins at the top, bottom, right and left of every page.
4). Title Page: The title page has five parts. Your paper should contain a running head, the title of the paper, your name, your school affiliation, and page number. Each page of your report should be numbered.
5). Table of Contents: [Include headings and subheadings].
6). Introduction: Your introduction should be a briefly description that will establish the main idea(s) and context.
7). Body of Paper: The body of your paper will follow the introduction and should discuss the controlling idea(s). Use facts, arguments, analysis, examples, quotes, and other information in the body of your paper.
8). Conclusion: The conclusion should summarize or bring together all of the main points of your paper and suggest results or consequences. Remember.....the conclusion paragraph(s) is no place to bring up new ideas.
9). Reference Section: This section of your paper is a list of references cited in the text. All resources cited in your paper must be included in the list of references. The reference list starts on its own page with the heading “References” centered in upper part of your paper. The references are double-spaced all throughout, no more than double spaced. Each individual reference is in a hanging indent format, where the first line is flush left and at the left margin and any subsequence lines of the reference are indented 0.5 inch from the left margin (APA, 2010, p. 37). Also, use a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) when referencing articles within your paper if available.
10). Abstract: Start the page with the word “Abstract” in the center of the first line. There is no other formatting required, i.e. bold, italics, or underlining. The body of the abstract will be one double-spaced paragraph, and it does not need a paragraph indention at the beginning of the paragraph.
The abstract should be a clearly written, 150-250 word summary of the main points in the research paper.
Examples of Cited References:
NOTE: References must not be more than 5 years old. All references must be from scholarly/Academy Journals! No text books!
Other things that you need to know:
1). According to the 6th Edition of the Publication Manual of the APA, space twice after punctuation marks at the end of a sentence. Section 4.01 - last sentence.
2). Margins - 1 inch all sides, including top, bottom, left and right (p. 229)
3). Font preference and size - The preferred font is 12-pt Times New Roman. (p. 228)
4). Line Spacing - Double spacing should occur throughout the document, including quotations of 40 or more words. (pp. 171 & 229)
5). Page Numbers - Page numbers should be located in upper right corner, unless specified differently from your instructor. (p. 230)
6). Paragraph Indentation - Paragraphs should be indented 5-7spaces or 1/2 inch. (p. 229)
•NOTE: Very little is taken off for “incorrect indenting format.”
Examples of some Scholarly/Academy Journals Article References:
Albahussain, S. A. (2012). The role of training and development in controlling workplace stress. Journal of American Academy
of Business, 17(2), 99-107. Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 924143221)
Mahmoodzadeh, E., Jalalinia, F., & Yazdi, N. (2009). A business process outsourcing framework: Based on business process
management and knowledge management. Business Process Management Journal, 15(6), 845-864.
doi:10.1108/14637150911003748
Rao, P. (2010). A resource-based analysis of recruitment and selection practices of Indian software companies. Journal of
Indian Business Research, 2(1), 32-51.doi:10.1108/17554191011032938
Youngdahl, W., Ramaswamy, K., & Dash, K. (2010). Service offshoring: The evolution of offshore operations. International
Journal of Operations & Production Management, 30(8), 798-820. doi:10.1108/01443571011068171
Angelou, M. (1969). I know why the caged bird sings. New York, NY: Random House.
10). Avoid long sentences and paragraphs, fragmentation, and grammatical errors.
11). Avoid emphasis on the author (e.g. the author stated... authors indicated…) and instead shift the focus of the sentence to the main ideas and key findings. Use straightforward, declarative statements and cite authors parenthetically.
12). Do not use any direct quotes within your paper. Instead paraphrase any direct quote(s) and be sure to give credit to the author(s).
Here is a list of some commonly used Scholarly/Academy Journals:
These journals can be found on your school’s website (ABI /EBSCO-Host). I recommend us ABI.
Note: this is only an example. There are many more!
Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal
Academy of Educational Leadership Journal
Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal
Academy of Information and Management Sciences Journal
Academy of Management
Academy of Marketing Studies Journal
Academy of Strategic Management Journal
Accounting and Business Research
Accounting Historians Journal
Accounting History Journal of Neuroscience and Behavioral Health
Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology
International Business Review
International Journal of Enterprise Computing and Business Systems (IJECBS)
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