convert it to PPTAs a team, discuss and compare your chosen organizations selected inthis week's individual assignment, Organizational ManagementPerformance Table to complete this paper.As a team, cre

Health care as an industry exists to serve its stakeholders in the safest, most effective and efficient manner; but each organization type and company function differently. Organizations share some similar functionalities and regulatory requirements that provide a path for them to follow. The regulatory requirements demand compliance and a standard performance level creating a need for specialized monitoring and accreditation to support quality improvement on numerous levels. Communication is a key component of the process an organization has adopted to maintain compliance, meet standards and regulatory requirements, and maintain the company’s vision and mission. The process commands the role of risk-management to supervise safety functions and quality-management to supervise the stakeholder satisfaction with the services provided in all aspects. Differences and similarities in functionality for each organization or company runs parallel in the goal of safety and satisfaction through monitoring, improving, and communicating to meet regulatory and compliance requirement standards.

Similarities and Differences

These organizations share many similarities and yet there are differences amongst the five types of organizations chosen; hospitals, emergency services, assisted daily living, home health care, and diagnostics or laboratory facilities. Let us take two, the difference between home health care and assisted daily living are that one may require a higher level of care deemed necessary by the doctors.  Home health care has a doctor encouragement to let the patients obtain required medical care; they receive skilled care, which can be provided by nurses or health aides (Elswick, 2011).  They are assisted with daily living and receive specialized care, such as physical therapy or occupational therapy.  With Assisted Daily Living Homecare a caregiver can provide reminders or assistance to the residents to take their medications. Assist with daily living when needed, some housekeeping and transporting the residents to any set appointments (Eglitis, 2010). Regulations regarding the distribution of medication are very clear though, a home health care agency can provide the nurses available to distribute medication, but in a home care setting a medication technician can only assist the resident to take his or her medication and cannot distribute (Elswick, 2011).

Hospitals and Emergency Services, on the other hand, are two complete different structures.  Emergency Services are 24-hour urgent care rooms designed to treat both life threatening and non-life threatening emergencies, like small injuries. Most doctors and nurses are on duty around the clock with shorter wait times than an emergent care. Emergency Services are not part of the hospital but do have the same amenities regarding equipment, e.g., X-ray machine, labs and pharmacy technicians. Hospital E.R.’s can have long wait times, especially a county hospital when many individuals may seek non-emergency assistance or have no medical insurance, these hospitals wind up over-crowded and under staffed (Fazzi, Nash, 2010).  

Diagnostic or laboratory facilities at first glance are completely different because of the specialty of the facility but the foundation and integrity goals are similar. The diagnostic and laboratory facility functions are critical to the other organizations and require the same level of compliance, customer service, and accuracy.

With all these organizations the types of medical payments can range from health insurance coverage to self-paying or cash patients including Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurances. All of them must adhere to all state and federal regulations and follow each industry’s policy and procedures.

Leadership Communications

To communicate with leadership to ensure alignment of organizational goals, the emergency Medical Services have a common goal to reduce unnecessary death and disability. This goal is still in effect according to A. Campbell in Quality Management in Health Care, the statement “there are clear expectations for improved health, improved quality and improved efficiency” confirms the continued existence (p. 23, 1993). The goal of strategic planning has many layers presented in Campbell’s statement “EMS strategic quality plan serves as the road map, for achieving quality improvement” (p. 23, 1993). Staff participation in these organizations increases the receptiveness of the organization’s stakeholders and develops a stronger more unified functionality in the organizations. Leadership acts as a champion for the stakeholders to gain trust and respect increasing organizational operations and integrity.

Accreditation Bodies

Regulatory issues in the home health organization are accrediting by the Joint Commissions in most hospitals nationwide. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations website notes changes as “The Joint Commission Accreditation process has been recently revised to include unannounced surveys and periodic performance reviews, among other changes” (JCAHO, p. 184, 2004). Some examples of joint commission standards of quality care are “provision of care, medication management, leadership, and management of information” (JCAHO, p. 185, 2004).

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) identifies the units that need to ascertain specifics “regulations apply to covered entities, but it is advisable that all SLPS familiarize themselves with HIPAA rules” (JCAHO, p. 185, 2004). The administration simplification regulations focus on three areas “privacy of protected health information, electronic transfer of health data, and security of health information” (JCAHO, p. 185, 2004).

St, Jude’s buy-in from staff to achieve compliance with standards and requirements issued by regulating are assuring. “All adverse event and serious adverse event forms are submitted by the PI directly to IRB and the office regulatory affairs. The office for regulatory is responsible for submitting AE and SAE reports as required to study sponsors or regulatory agencies, including the FDA and the NIH office of Biotechnology Activities” (Irwin, p. 585, 2001).

St. Jude children research hospital is required to comply with HIPAA regulations and although the regulations do not specifically define a web monitoring and filtering solution should be administered, they do encourage taking necessary measures to protect patient information. Partnering care delivery and research to optimize health “has the potential to provide essential elements needed to optimize health and health care” (Coleman, Kottke, Rank, Reding, Selna, Isham, Greenlee, p.113, 2008).

The leadership panel held a health maintenance organization meeting. The objectives of this meeting was to “identify the important facets of partnership that bring value to care delivery and research, pinpoint the critical alignments of care delivery and research that are needed to fulfill the promised value between clinical and research organizations, and recognize the challenges that clinical and research organizations need to address” (Coleman, Kottke, Rank, Reding, Selna, Isham, Greenlee, p. 113, 2008).

Hospice patients and their family members have come to the understanding that a cure is not likely and consequently patient comfort is the suitable spotlight of care. Usually the Hospice of Western Reserve gets good performance ratings because loved ones appreciate the loving care their families get.

A hospice should have governing bodies that assume full legal accountability for shaping, put into practice and observing policies governing the hospice's entire process (Of, t. h., n.d.). The governing body should assign an individual who is in charge for the day-to-day organization of the hospice agenda. The governing body must also make certain that all services provided are reliable with acknowledged principles of practice. A hospice must always carry out a continuing, inclusive, incorporated, self-assessment of the eminence and suitability of care presented as well as inpatient care, home care, and care underneath preparations.

The goal of improving organization performance is to ensure that the facility monitors, properly performs and uses analysis, and enhances its performance to improve patient outcomes. Value of health care is a mix of good outcomes, excellent care and services, and costs. Each organization type has a governing body that regulates it and some that cover the health care industry or overlap other industries such as the Department of Health and Drug Enforcement Agency, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Decision Making Process

Effective performance improvement results in continuous improvement of patient outcomes and requires hospital-wide interdisciplinary collaboration and governing board involvement (Meyer, Silow-Carroll, Kutyla, Stepnick, and Rybowski., 2011). A performance program:

1. The program is planned, systematic, and continuous

2. Applies to all areas of the hospital

3. Uses objective measure of quality with predetermined indicators or performance expectations

4. The program follows the mission statement and has goals to achieve.

5. The program has follow-up procedures in place.

6. Integrates across department lines and among different quality functions

7. Results in improvement of existing processes and outcomes.

Educating staff is one of the most important parts of a health care risk management program because it provides the foundation for effective risk control and loss prevention. One of the goals of a risk management program is to influence positively the quality of patient care by providing feedback and quality of care information to all departments (Klacik, 2010). Using such information, staff development personnel can collaborate with risk management personnel to plan and provide program topics current and relevant to the audience, employing the most effective method of presentation for the information.

Accrediting and regulatory agencies play an important role in facilitating and promoting the quality of health care (Klacik, 2010). A facilities responsibility is to provide safe, high quality patient care and must be matched by a commitment to perpetual readiness for regulatory and accreditation surveys. Joint Commission accreditation means that a hospital voluntarily sought accreditation and met national health, quality, and safety standards. The Joint Commission conducts on-site surveys to review the hospital's medical and nursing care, physical condition, life safety program, special care units, pharmacy services, infection control practices, and other areas that affect patient care. "The mission of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations is to continuously improve the safety and quality of care provided to the public through the provision of health care accreditation and related services that support performance improvement in health care organizations" (JCAHO).

In any organization many regulations are put intact to help risk and quality management. Health care organizations comply with the regulations so that risk management and quality management goals can be met. If organizations do not comply with federal or state regulations risk management will be poor because the organization could face fines and penalties for not complying and additionally be sued if a patient is harmed due to negligence or wrongful death, which in return leads to poor quality management also (Briner, M., Kessler, O., Pfeiffer, Y., Wehner, T., & Manser, T., 2010). The reason is because risk and quality management go hand-in-hand. Quality management is ensuring patients are being taken care of and getting proper treatment to get better. Regulations however are put intact to ensure the level of care provided. In the four health care organizations mentioned, regulations help provide the highest quality care possible to patients, lower patient costs, reduce wait times, and prevent malpractice suits (Oberman, 1994). Organizations are always looking for the best way possible to improve patient satisfaction including through the use of benchmarking, surveys, and assessments. This could be changing the way patients are checked on, keeping charts and records of when medication was given, and lowering wait times in the ER. This is part of quality management; however risk management benefits as well. Diagnostic and laboratory facilities, the fifth organization type, use regulatory requirements to ensure the integrity of data collected and reported with the highest degree of accuracy and confidentiality possible. Risk-management is an important factor to ensure the safety of all stakeholders.

QM v. RM

If quality management and risk management are adequately done, this contributes to the organizations total performance. The first reason is because with an environment changing for the better, quality and risk management being controlled the organization will meet more goals and organizations would live up to their mission statements. Another reason is if risk management is not being controlled, the organization cannot succeed if they are not bringing in enough money. Risk management is about controlling unnecessary expenses therefore if a health care organization is sued this could lead to letting employees go. If this is done, performance of that organization will not be as high with fewer employees. A last reason is quality management is about developing leaders, working as a team, and other aspects involved in satisfying patients. If more patients are satisfied with their care at a hospital, emergency service, nursing home, or physician’s office he or she will keep coming back when they are ill or will refer that specific organization to another person. This would lead to business growing in the organization.

Health care sounds singular but encompasses a wide range of commerce directly related to tending the health of stakeholders. Each organization within the industry has unique functions but there are overlapping functions that indicate similarities. Performance is cultivated through processes that monitor performance for quality improvement measures and compliance of regulatory requirements or institutional policies. These processes help in achieving accreditation and overall improvement of performance. Communication is a key component of an organizations success and helps to obtain staff and stakeholder buy-in on many levels. Risk-management and quality-management are led by strong leadership to build upon each other in developing and maintaining compliance and stakeholder satisfaction creating a cohesive and highly effective organization.

References

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Campbell, A. B. (1993). Strategic Planning in Health Care: Methods and application. Quality Management in Health Care, 1 (4), 12-23. Retrieved from www.nhtsagov/people/injury/ems/leadersguide/index.html

Coleman, L., Kottke, T., Rank, B., Reding, D., Selna, M., Isham, G., &… Greenlee, R., (2008). Partnering Care delivery and research to optimize health. Clinical medicine & Research, 6 (3-4), 113-118. Retrieved from EBSCO host.

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Irwin, D. Ph. D. (2001), St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Cancer Center Institutional Data and Safety monitoring plan August 17, 2001 p. 585.) Retrieved from www.asha.org/slp/healthcare/acute_care.html

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