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Spring 2016

ENGR 2411 Mechanics of Materials Lab

Section No. 001

Lab No. 1

Lab Title: Measurements

Submitted to:

Dr. Zahid Hossain

and

Mr. AM Feroze Rashid

College of Engineering

Submitted By:

Name: Kudakwashe Makuvire

Student ID: 50378716

02/15/2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title	Pg. No.
List of Tables
List of Figures
Abstract
Introduction
Background and Methodology
Results and Discussions
Conclusions and Recommendations
References Cited
Appendix A Raw Data
Appendix B Detail Calculations	10

List of Tables

Table No. and Title	Pg. No
Table 1 Raw Data
Table 2 All raw data and calculations of the Lab experiment
Table 3 Population Calculations

List of Figures

Figure No. and Title	Pg. No
Figure 1. Component to be measured

ABSTRACT

The majority of Mechanics of Materials study will involve the changes in dimensions of the material under question. This means that we will be measuring a lot of dimensions in this class, and it is very important that we master the basic concept of measuring the dimensions of a material accurately.

Keywords: Measure, Caliper, Scale, Mean, Deviation.

INTRODUCTION

This lab will help improve our skill in the use of the measuring equipment, specifically the Micrometer screw gauge and the Vernier Calipers. Most of the components we will be using in our experiments will be undergoing very minute dimensional changes because of stress and strain; so it is very important that we are very accurate in using the equipment as small misreadings will result in very large errors.

BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY

Before we began measuring the component in question we went over how to use the Vernier calipers. The steps we took were as follows:

We made sure the Vernier scale read zero when it was fully closed, ensuring the scale was properly calibrated.
The measurement of the object in question is taken by clamping the jaws of the caliper about the object and using the screw, or the automatic lock in our case, fix the jaws of the caliper.
Read the centime scale or the main scale up to the zero of the Vernier scale.
Read the Verneir scale up to the Verneir reading that directly coincides with the main scale reading
Add the two readings (main scale and vernier scale) together.

The steps for the measurements of the component and the subsequent calculations went as follows:

After receiving the component, we compared it with the drawing of the component we received so as to determine which part of the component corresponded to what letter
We took measurements of the different parts of the component, all taking turns until we had three different readings for each part of the component.
A mean of the three reading was taken for each different part of the component.
The data was recorded and tabulated.

Figure 1. Component to be measured

Equations

	Σ\|x - μ\|

Mean = (1/n) (a1 + a2 + a3…. + an) Mean Deviation

Standard Deviation

% Difference = [(Population Mean-Sample Mean) / (Population Mean)]*100

(di)2 = (Mean Deviation)2 Variance = (Standard Deviation)2

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The results of the measurements were tabulated in Table 1. as shown below.

Table 1. Raw data

Dimensions	Gr 1 (mm)				Gr 2 (mm)				Gr 3 (mm)
	45.65	45.70	45.55	44.80		44.75	44.80	45.45		45.40	45.55
	21.85	21.80	21.75	21.35		21.35	21.15	21.75		21.85	22.10
	32.30	32.30	32.20	33.30		33.20	33.30	32.65		32.85	32.85
	22.40	22.40	22.35	22.30		22.35	22.35	21.65		21.75	21.55
	11.70	11.65	11.70	11.75		11.70	11.75	11.55		11.65	11.65

The resulting calculations and readings required we tabulated in table two, which is shown on the next page.

The sample mean for our group varied rather significantly from the population mean, if we compared our results to those of the other groups. This was especially notable in the first three readings, a, b and c. However the readings we made as a group were very consistent, suggesting our dimension part could have been different from the other two groups.

The average of all the sample deviations is 0.05615

The values of the absolute values would be bigger than the average of the regular values. As all the values would be getting added together without any of the number subtracting from the values.
In our case the sample standard deviation is more appropriate in our case because of the outlying values of the second group. The sample standard deviation of values per group would more accurately represent the readings taken by the group and if bunched together with other groups would result in skewed representation of the data.

Table 2. All raw data and calculations of the Lab experiment

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Tbale 3. Population Calculations

Table 2. Descriptive Statistics of Components (Population)
Sample
Measurements
Mean (mm)	45.29	21.66	32.77	22.12	11.68
Deviation (mm)	0.15811	0.31091	0.20000	0.15275	0.10000
Median (mm)	45.45	21.75	32.85	22.35	11.70
Std Deviation (mm)	0.3715	0.2894	0.4137	0.3384	0.0583
Variance (mm)	0.1380	0.0838	0.1712	0.1145	0.0034

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This lab allowed students to become familiar with the Vernier Calipers as well as use equations to find statistical calculations both of which will be needed in later labs. The experiment gave accurate results that are shown in the figures and tables of this report.

APPENDIX A RAW DATA

APPENDIX B DETAIL CALCULATIONS