Precis based on Defending Slavery is due on September 22ndThe American Industrial Revolution or The Other Civil War· The influence of the British Industrial Revolution· Richard Arkwright and Samue

Defending Slavery

Précis worth +5 Points .

Below ar e three samples of a Précis. First, read through the instructions and make note of the ele me nts contained in a

Précis. This a ssignment is part of your final paper but it does NOT constitute your introductor y paragraph . Again , this is

NOT your introductory paragraph. After you complete it, then post it appropriately in CANVAS by the due date.

The Précis Format

a) In a single coherent sentence give the following:

-name of the author, title of the work, date in parenthesis;

-a rhetorically accurate verb (such as "asse rt," "argue," "deny," "refute,"

"prove," disprove," "explain," etc.);

-a that clause containing the major claim (thesis statement) of the work.

b) In a single coherent sentence give an explanation of how the author develops and supports the major claim

(thesis statement).

c) In a single coherent sentence give a statement of the author's purpose, followed by an "in order" phrase.

d) In a single coherent sentence give a description of the intended audience and/or the relationship the author

establishes with the audience.

Toni Morrison, in her essay Disturbing Nurses and the Kindness of Sharks, implies that racism in the United States

has affected the craft and process of American novelists. Morrison supports her implication by describing how

Ernest Hemingway writes about black characters in his novels and short stories. Her purpose is to make her readers

aware of the cruel reality of racism underlying some of the greatest works of American literature in order to help

them examine the far -reaching effects racism has not only on those discriminated against but also on those who

discriminate. She establishes a formal and highly analytical tone with her audience of racially mixed (but probably

mainly white), theoretically sophisticated readers and critical interpreters of American literature.

In her article Who Cares if Johnny C an't Read? (1997), Larissa MacFarquhar asserts that Americans are reading

more than ever despite claims to the contrary and that it is time to reconsider why we value reading so much,

especially certain kinds of "high culture" reading. MacFarquhar support s her claims about American reading habits

with facts and statistics that compare past and present reading practices, and she challenges common assumptions

by raising questions about reading's instrisic value. Her purpose is to dispel certain myths about r eading in order to

raise new and more important questions about the value of reading and other media in our culture. She seems to

have a young, hip, somewhat irreverent audience in mind because her tone is sarcastic, and she suggests that the

ideas she opp oses are old -fashioned positions.

Charles S. Peirce's article, The Fixation of Belief (1877), asserts that humans have psychological and social

mechanisms designed to protect and cement (or "fix") our beliefs. Peirce backs this claim up with descriptio ns of

four methods of fixing belief, pointing out the effectiveness and potential weaknesses of each method. Peirce’s

purpose is to point out the ways that people commonly establish their belief systems in order to jolt the awareness

of the reader into cons idering how their own belief system may the product of such methods and to consider what

Peirce calls "the method of science" as a progressive alternative to the other three. Given the technical language

used in the article, Peirce is writing to an well -ed ucated audience with some knowledge of philosophy and history

and a willingness to other ways of thinking.