Personal Philosophy of Nursing Essay Use the questions from Box 3-2 on page 111 of your textbook as a guide as you write your personal philosophy of nursing. The essay is to be typewritten and double

Original Question:

For this week's Forum, respond to the following

From the required reading list, which individual article/topic do you feel was the most important in regards to the law enforcement executive? Be sure to address the legal, administrative and operational perspectives in your response.

(citations/references are required).

Reply to the following response with *** 150 words minimum, Citations and including direct questions to the post ***. (please make response as if having a conversation, respond directly to some of the statements in below post. This is not providing an analysis of the original post. Respectfully address it and even ask clarifying or additional questions.)

** These responses are to be informative and contribute to advancing the knowledge of the topic **.

The National Institute of Justice found that the biggest factor contributing to satisfaction with the police was the public’s perceptions about the quality of their lives as it directly relates to their sense of safety. The second biggest factor in shaping opinions was direct contact with the officers; that is, how police behave when they interact with citizens. These findings have two important implications. First, if citizens fear for their safety, this will lead to increased levels of anxiety. Second, improving the quality of daily interaction between patrol officers and citizens may be the best possible way for a police department to improve public satisfaction with the police (Lombardo & Lough, 2007). Strong relationships of mutual trust between police agencies and the communities they serve are critical to maintaining public safety and effective policing (Police Executive Research Forum, 2007). I chose this topic for this week’s forum question, because I felt it was of significant importance to a law enforcement executive and the success of their departments. Increased satisfaction with the police is indeed one of the fundamental goals of community policing. Citizens feel a greater sense of responsibility for maintaining order when they are satisfied with the police, and police should work to create better relationships with the community. This department/community relationship falls on the law enforcement executives and is a culture that must trickle down from the top (Lombardo & Lough, 2007).

References:

Lombardo, R., & Lough, T. (2007). Community policing: Broken windows, community building, and satisfaction with the police. Police Journal, 80(2), 117-140. doi:10.1350/pojo.2007.80.2.117

Police Executive Research Forum, 2007. “‘Good to Great’ Policing: Application of Business Management Principles in the Public Sector.” Office of Community Oriented Policing, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington D.C. http://www.policeforum.org/assets/docs/Free_Online_Documents/Leadership/good to great policing - application of business management principles in the public sector 2007.pdf

In regards to this question, I felt as if the article on Protocol analysis of police decision-making (Worden & Brandl, 1990) was the most important regarding the law enforcement executive. This particular article talks about the “decision-making and behavior of police officers. This article also talks about the protocol analysis of police decision-making and how it rests on the general model of human information processing” (Worden & Brandl, 1990). In today’s world it is so important for police officers to ensure that that every decision they make is the correct one. It seems as if every incident that takes place today involving police is on video. With cell phones in the hands of the majority of people today, if a police officer makes the wrong decision, it is more than likely going to be caught on video and be posted to social media for the world to see and comment on. We have seen so much of this in recent years and has caused many police officers to lose their jobs as well as create so much hate and distrust between the people and police officers. The article talks about how it would be good for police officers to gather the valid verbal reports from other police officers and use it as training. This way the experiences of others can be used to teach other police officers on why a specific decision was successful or not and help in the prevention of future mistakes. The article also mentions deciding on cues for police officers depending on the incident that specific officers are involved in to determine what training they need so that they may improve on the mistakes made.

There are so many incidents that can be used as an example of police officers being caught on video during an incident that was either the officer being caught committing acts of unnecessary violence upon a person they are trying to apprehend, or the video may only show the violent act of an officer that is depicted wrong by the public because they did not see what happened prior to the officer getting more physical with the person. Regardless of whether the officer was in the right in what they were doing to apprehend a person, today’s world has generated so much noise through social media that it has still led to an officer being fired, or that officer received so much hate from the public that they resigned so they could move on with their life. One example that I found involved officers in a struggle with a man under the US 98 North and I-4 overpass in Lakeland, FL (Styles, 2018). The original video posted by a spectator only showed the struggle that led to the two officers and the person tumbling to the ground. The two officers then “used various physical tactics, including strikes to the upper torso, in an attempt to gain control of Abbott and take him into custody" (Styles, 2018). The video caused a lot of noise to take place on social media, because the public only saw these two officer beating up on a man and not what happened entirely. The police department did reveal later the entirety of the situation that gave justification as to why the two officers had to use force to apprehend the man. This is the biggest issue today with police officers. Their decision-making in the face of constant videos being made of them. That is why there are so many police departments strapping video cameras to officers chests so that they can either protect their officers or punish the ones that are truly in the wrong with their actions.

References

Styles, J. (2018, April 11). Officers caught kicking, punching man under I-4. Retrieved January 8, 2019, from https://www.abcactionnews.com/news/region-polk/lakeland/lakeland-police-reviewing-officers- use-of-force-on-subject-caught-on-camera

Worden, R. E., & Brandl, S. G. (1990). Protocol analysis of police decision-making: Toward a theory of police behavior. American Journal of Criminal Justice,14(2), 297-318. doi:10.1007/bf02892070

“DEMOGRAPHY, POLICE BEHAVIOR, AND DETERRENCE” By Sprague and Kohfeld(demographics) is the most important for a Law Enforcement executive to understand. This is a representation of the effective application of separate theories in coordination with each other. This is a display of mastery of these and other theories by evaluating their relevance and fluency in the real world and furthermore attempting to document their knowledge in a systematic and scientific way. It is plain English and common sense which seems to have been lost in reent history. “Several general theoretical ideas guide this analysis, but probably the most fundamental is the notion that the interaction between criminals and police is demographically embedded.”( Kohfeld& Sprague, page 2). Other research determines conclusions and provides gibberish that is supposed to support their assertions. Or they just make biased observations and publish them resulting in counterproductive support of harmful stereotypes and racial profiling.

The essay on “THE ROLE OF POLICE BEHAVIOR IN PREDICTING CITIZENS’ ATTITIDES TOWARD THE POLICE” by Avdi S. Avdija(2), is flagrant racial profiling and quotes the Rand corporation as a scholastic reference, which is a mistake. I have found that the Rand Corporation publishes similar content that is detrimental to the knowledge of society. It is almost like it is from a communist state organization that has been disguised as legitimate but is just dumb. An executive needs to be able to identify misinformation within the organization and in a way this is also an important document. It was not directly downloaded and I had to research it further in the library online to even evaluate this document. This is important to pursue information that is not easily obtained and perseverance is a critical skill of an executive. I am tempted to identify this as the most important document from the list to rule out information, however because it is of negative value to the field I cannot do it.

Demography as an impact on crime is as true in 1990 as it is today and will always be true because there is always growth from low income to greater. Other theories are productive and have advanced with time. Broken windows theory has lead to what we now reference as community policing. Community policing concentrates police activity in areas of criminal activity. This is additionally an advancement of demography or geographical information which has also made changes due to technological support with the ability to process large amounts of information in shorter amounts of time. Geographical information systems have made the analysis of information vastly more beneficial to Law Enforcement. It is still the Officers who affect the deterrence of criminals and displace their activities. There has been little solution to the relocation of displaced criminals however the disruption of activities is a deterrent to crime and is our best practice to date. In a location of known criminal activity where there is only evidence of significant activity that is going undetected it can only be broken up. This is the current dynamic problem that it is important for executives to be familiar with. A region, an apartment complex or neighborhood, becomes taken over by illicit organization which intimidates others to not report suspicious activity to Law Enforcement because they will retaliate against them at their home. I observe gang activity as a security guard in ways that police are unable to. A guy on the corner all morning ducks away randomly and then a few seconds later a patrol vehicle passes by. The corner has only one access road and there is a spotter further down the street who communicates with the corner guy. It is ironic and laughable now that marijuana is legalized and all this effort has gone on and is no longer a problem. Heroin on the other hand is more likely the source of development of gang tactics to avoid apprehension by Law Enforcement. Reporting has improved and apprehension has increased however deterrence is limited because there is a demand for heroin, and meth. “In summary, police communicate to burglars through arrests; arrests lead to generalized deterrence in the form of spatial and temporal displacement of burglary”(Kohfeld& Sprague, p 21). The displacement dynamic continues to be a problem, and releasing criminals from prison will not reduce recidivism when they return to the same environment they were apprehended from. Analysis of demographics and geographical statistics is fundamental to Law Enforcement and the basis for developing policy that has a positive impact on society.

References:

Kohfeld, C. W., & Sprague, J. (1990). Demography, police behavior, and deterrence. Criminology, 28(1), 111-136. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1990.tb01320.x

Avdija, A. S. (2010). The role of the police behavior in predicting citizens attitudes toward the police. Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice, 6(2), 76-90. Retrieved from http://www.apcj.org/

** Please don’t just rephrase their info, but respond to it. Remember to answer question at the end if there is one. **