I need someone to help edit my essay and ADD 500 words to the essay. Here is the prompt: Which theory of free will (hard determinist, compatibilist, libertarian) do you find most convincing? Or, like

Antonia Meizinger

Dr. Leib

02/10/2019

PHI2010-020

Theories and Human Free will

Theories tend to explain human action and the ability to make choices. Some of the theories that relate to free will are the compatibilist, libertarian, existentialists as well as the determinism theory. Hard determinism delineates of human behavior being traced from different causes. The theory of compatibilists is regarded as an alternate form of determinism. Compatibilists assert that human actions have caused. However, what separates the hard determinism theory from the compatibilist theory is the internal motivations. Arguments have centered on the determinist theory. Ideally, human behavior based on the theory is traced to previous events. The compatibilists theory distinguishes itself from the hard determinist theory by elaborating actions that are under the influence of the external constraints. Extremely compelled actions are unfree. Freedom results from actions that have no preventions. Thus, external factors influence freedom of action. The libertarianism theory considers human liberty in the sense that one is fully aware of the decisions and no external influence in the thinking can alter the decisions made. Thus, the actions initiated is independent and people can then make their free choices when they exercise their free will.

Based on the theories, it becomes evident that human free will is dependent on some parameters. Questions have arisen on whether humans are masters of their own. The principled commitments coupled with the wise choices made tend to reveal the freedom that humans have. There is a belief that human freedom is limited by the forces that are beyond our control. More often, humans believe that they are free when daily occurrences seem to be successful. Instances of failure tend to create uncertainty among humans where they tend to doubt there freedom. Making free will choices by people should describe who they are and the ability to be responsible for the choices made. Realistically, people are born with instincts that help them make decisions. The social dynamics also influence the pattern of communication making it hard to make decisions that are effective and rational. An evaluation of the theories posits that there are different understandings of how people relate when making choices. The determinism theory is linked to the scientific aspects of the physical universe (Chaffee, 4.1). About the deterministic theory, the universe has causal laws that can be used to foreshadow the future. The belief that everything in the physical world is under the scientific model has created influence in the actions and events. Most of the events are concluded with aspersions that they have a causal relationship. Understanding the mainsprings of human action is based on the areas of causal determinism. Human actions based on the deterministic theory leads to analogies that the events in the universe have consistent, well-defined causal connections. Thus, there are subatomic levels that have a scientific perspective and are acceptable to the entire universe. Human actions and freedom are linked to scientific aspects. The physical actions hold the ability to perform in any manner and they have scientific perspectives about acceptability. When considering the theory and how it relates to human actions, the priority is the events in the biological realm. They often have consistency in displaying the causal connections. Since humans fall part of the physical universe, there is a biological connection. Thus, assuming that the choices have actions tends to eliminate the free choice of actions (Chaffee, 4.2). There is a cause of a happening in the physical universe.

Human beings tend to ignore the perspectives created of the theory. The actions of people are based on the degree of personal freedom. Their actions tend to improve them morally, create a better world and improve the state of the people. Illusions of freedom have been established based on the theory. Baron d'Holbach had his beliefs and critics when evaluating the determinism theory. Being part of the natural causal system gives room for the causal laws that define nature relationships. According to D'Holbach, human thinking and beliefs are not causally determined. He argues that the act of role-playing as free agents does not guarantee freedom (Chaffee, 4.2). This is an illusion created on matters of freedom and human action. D'Holbach asserts that the will to express oneself is based on the motive, reflection as well as the reason for the brain to operate in such a manner. The environment can trigger mental responses. He argued that indeterminists had conditioned behavior, inborn instinct as well as brain chemistry. Having such characteristics indicates that indeterminists do not have the existence of free will. Based on D'Holbach reasoning it becomes evident that there are forces that drive the action. Thus, the strongest forces tend to influence the action. The psychological state has often influenced a person decision (Chaffee, 4.2). The way people behave in response to the situation is not free will but triggered by strong forces.

The indeterminism theory has its way of viewing free will and the influence on human actions. Based on the theory, it is possible for people to make free choices when they exercise their free wills. According to William James on libertarianism theory, the assumptions on personal freedom and responsibility create a compelling reason for one to believe in the reality of the concepts. More often, free choice and personal responsibility can be based on religion, social improvement, morality among other factors. James in his opinion believes that any individual who lives in a free will society can make free choices (Chaffee, 4.4). James contradicted the works of D'Holbach concerning determinism and indeterminism theory.

Jean-Paul Sartre had his expression when delineating matters of freedom. Existentialists believe that an intelligible universe makes part of the free choices that humans make. Evaluating the resources and possibilities that lead to personal freedom within the lives of individuals as per existentialist's theory makes it easy to understand the processes. Sartre argues that human freedom is real and extreme. Sartre links the human existence to the biblical version of God being omniscient. Philosophically, he argues that the ideas, thoughts, choices, as well as actions, relate to the preexisting spirit. Furthermore, he opines that those who believe in the divine creator often misunderstand human existence and thus become guilty. Since the universe has different forms of people, there are those who deny the existence of the divine creator, but belief that humans possess an essential nature of forms that encompasses our personalities (Chaffee, 4.4). The influence of our existence determines human thoughts, ideas, choices as well as actions.

Ideally, it is evident that some parameters determine human actions and responsibility. Human nature, the environment of interaction, psychological forces as well as the social dynamics all influence human actions and freedom. The human actions can be due to the born instincts that help determine the way we behave. Besides the human actions and behavior is conditioned by the environment. The way we tend to interact can be based on the dynamics in society. The personal freedom gives room for expression of thought to make free will decisions. In my opinion, I feel that the existentialist's theory encourages us to be responsible for our actions. The pre-existing spirit drives our thoughts, actions and personal freedom. Thus, we should be responsible for the happenings in the society as we understand the systems.

Works Cited

Chaffee, John. The Philosopher’s Way. 5th Ed,. Pearson, 2015.