PDF Copy of Book is attached Chapter 1:   Ex 1-1 and 1-2.Chapter 2:   Ex 2-1 and 2-2.Chapter 3:  Ex 3-1 and 3-2Chapter 4:  Ex 4-1 and 4-2Chapter 6:  Ex 6-1 and 6-2Chapter 7:   Ex 7-1

Cop yrig h t 2 01 9 - H an ds-O n L abs | h ttp ://h ols cie n ce.c om 1 / 1 0 S tu dent N am e Moham med A ln aim i S tu dent I D 48408 L e sso n Obse rv a tio ns o f C hem ic a l C hanges In stit u tio n Oce an C ounty C olle ge S essio n 20 19L2 C HEM 1 81 D L1 C ours e CHEM 1 81 D L1 In stru cto r Le a S ta ge F in al R eport E xe rc is e 1 C HEM 1 81 D L1 O bse rv atio ns o f C hem ic al C han ges I w ould d ro p in s o m e h yd ro ch lo ric a cid a nd s e e if t h e h ouse hold p ro duct f iz ze s a nd r e le ase s g as.

If s o , it m ost lik e ly h as s o diu m b ic a rb onate in it . 1 . S uppo se a h ouse hold p ro duct l a be l s ays i t c o nta in s s o diu m h yd ro gen c arb o nate ( s o diu m b ic arb o nate ). U sin g y o ur r e su lt s f ro m D ata T able 1 a s a g uid e, h ow w ould y o u t e st t h is m ate ria l f o r t h e p re se nce o f s o diu m b ic arb o nate ?

AgN O 3 ( a q) + N aO H ( a q) - -----> A gO H ( s ) + N aN O 3 ( a q) 2 . W rit e t h e c h em ic al e quatio n f o r t h e r e actio n i n w ell A 6. Cop yrig h t 2 01 9 - H an ds-O n L abs | h ttp ://h ols cie n ce.c om 2 / 1 0 T his r e actio n o ccu rre d in A 1 I b elie ve . T hat w as t h e o nly r e actio n t h at c a use d a ny t y p e o f f iz zin g or g as, w hic h w ould b e t h e C O .

3 . O ne o f t h e r e actio ns y o u o bse rv e d r e su lt e d i n t h ese p ro ducts : N aC l + H O + C O (g )?

W hat w ell d id t h is r e actio n o ccu r i n ? D escrib e h ow t h e o bse rv atio ns f o r t h is r e actio n s u ppo rt y o ur a n sw er.

2 2 2 I w ould b elie ve t h at t h e s u bsta nce is a ctu ally s o diu m h yd ro xid e. V in egar is m ade u p t o a ce tic acid , a nd a cco rd in g t o m y t a ble , p henolp hth ale in d oes n ot c a use a cid s t o t u rn p in k.

4 . Y o u f o und a s am ple o f a s o lu tio n t h at h as a f a in t o dor r e se m blin g v in egar ( a n a cid ). T o v e rif y t h at i t i s v in egar, y o u a d d a f e w d ro ps o f p h enolp h th ale in . T he s am ple t u rn s p in k.

F ro m t h is r e su lt , c an y o u a ssu m e t h is s am ple i s i n deed v in egar o r c o nta in s s o m e v in egar? E xp la in y o ur a n sw er u sin g y o ur r e su lt s f ro m D ata T able 1 .

I w ould a ssu m e t h at t h e f if th c o okie d oes n ot h ave a s m uch s ta rc h a s t h e o th er c o okie s. T he sta rc h h as n ot b een r e m ove d c o m ple te ly , b ut is in a le sse r q uantit y t h an t h e o th ers .

5 . W hile p e rfo rm in g a s ta rc h t e st o n s e ve ra l d if fe re nt c o okie b ra n ds, f o ur t e sts r e su lt i n t h e t y pic al b la ck c o lo r o f s ta rc h p re se nce , b u t t h e f if th g iv e s a y e llo w -b ro w n c o lo r.

H ow m ig ht y o u i n te rp re t t h is r e su lt ?

I w ould d ro p s o m e o f t h e h air t o nic in to s o m e p ota ssiu m io did e. If t h e s u bsta nce b egin s t o t u rn ye llo w , t h ere is s o m e le ad in t h e t o nic 6 . Y o u h ave r e ad t h at a n ew b ra n d o f h air t o nic i s s u ppo se d t o c o nta in l e ad ( a n i n gre die nt i n G re cia n F o rm ula ). D evis e a s im ple t e st t o c o nfir m t h e p re se nce o r a bse nce o f l e ad i n t h at h air t o nic . U se y o ur o bse rv atio ns i n D ata T able 1 t o d escrib e a p o sit iv e r e su lt f o r t h is t e st.

® Cop yrig h t 2 01 9 - H an ds-O n L abs | h ttp ://h ols cie n ce.c om 3 / 1 0 Data T a ble 1 : C he m ic a l C hange O bse rv atio ns I b elie ve t h at t h is is t h e r e su lt o f a c h em ic a l c h ange. W hen t h e c h em ic a ls in t h e s o da m ix w it h t h e air w hile b ein g p oure d in to t h e g la ss, a g as is r e le ase d. T hat g as c a use s t h e b ubble s a nd f iz zin g.

7 . I s c u ttin g a c ake i n to 8 p ie ce s a c h em ic al o r a p h ysic al c h an ge? E xp la in y o ur a n sw er.

I b elie ve t h at t h is is t h e r e su lt o f a c h em ic a l c h ange. W hen t h e c h em ic a ls in t h e s o da m ix w it h t h e air w hile b ein g p oure d in to t h e g la ss, a g as is r e le ase d. T hat g as c a use s t h e b ubble s a nd f iz zin g.

8 . W hen a s o da i s p o ure d i n to a g la ss a n d t h e s o da b u bble s, i s i t t h e r e su lt o f a c h em ic al c h an ge? E xp la in y o ur a n sw er.

In t h e s e co nd s te p, t h e r e acta nt w as t h e d ir e ct s u nlig ht. T his is a c h em ic a l r e actio n b eca use it tu rn ed t h e c o lo r o f d ark b ro w n s im ila r t o r u st o n t h e p aper t o w el 9 . I n w ell B 1, w hat w as t h e r e acta n t i n t h e s e co nd s te p? D id t h is r e acta n t c au se a c h em ic al c h an ge? U se y o ur o bse rv atio ns t o s u ppo rt y o ur a n sw er.

Ph enolp hth ale in a cts w ell a s a n a cid /b ase in dic a to r. T he r e actio ns in A 5 d efin it e ly s u pport t h is sta te m ent. S odiu m h yd ro xid e is a b ase a nd h yd ro ch lo ric a cid is a n a cid . S o, a cco rd in g t o t h e ta ble , p henolp hth ale in c a use s b ase s t o t u rn p in k a nd a cid s t o r e m ain c le ar. 1 0 . T hin k a bo ut h ow p h enolp h th ale in a cts a s a n a cid /b ase i n dic ato r. D o y o ur o bse rv atio ns i n w ell A 5 s u ppo rt t h is o r c o ntra st w hat y o u w ould e xp e ct t o h appe n?

E xp la in y o ur a n sw er.

W ell Che m ic a l # 1 (4 d ro ps) A 1 NaH CO Sodiu m B ic a rb onate 3 Cop yrig h t 2 01 9 - H an ds-O n L abs | h ttp ://h ols cie n ce.c om 4 / 1 0 A 2 IK I in dic a to r A 3 KI P o ta ssiu m Io did e A 4 NaO H S odiu m H ydro xid e A 5 HCl H ydro ch lo ric A cid A 6 NaO H S odiu m H ydro xid e B 1 AgN O Silv e r N it ra te B 2 NH OH A que ous A m monia W ell Che m ic a l # 1 A ppe ara nce A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 B 1 B 2 W ell Che m ic a l # 2 (4 d ro ps) A 1 HCl H ydro ch lo ric A cid A 2 Sta rc h A 3 Pb (N O ) Le ad(II) N it ra te A 4 C H O Ph e nolp hth ale in A 5 C H O Ph e nolp hth ale in A 6 AgN O Silv e r(II) N it ra te B 1 NH A que ous A m monia B 2 CuS O Coppe r(II) S ulf a te 3 4 no c o lo r, liq uid no c o lo r, liq uid no c o lo r, liq uid no c o lo r, liq uid no c o lo r, liq uid no c o lo r, liq uid no c o lo r, liq uid no c o lo r, liq uid 3 2 20 14 4 20 14 4 3 4 4 Cop yrig h t 2 01 9 - H an ds-O n L abs | h ttp ://h ols cie n ce.c om 5 / 1 0 W ell Che m ic a l # 2 A ppe ara nce A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 B 1 B 2 W ell Obse rv atio ns A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 B 1 Obse rv a tio n 1 :

+ A bso rb in p aper t o w el a nd e xp ose t o s u nlig ht Obse rv a tio n 2 :

B 2 no c o lo r, liq uid no c o lo r, liq uid no c o lo r, liq uid no c o lo r, liq uid no c o lo r, liq uid no c o lo r, liq uid no c o lo r, liq uid lig ht b lu e No c o lo r c h ange , bubblin g a nd fiz zin g occu rre d blu e -b la ck c o lo r ye llo w Beca m e b rig ht p in k No C hange lig ht b ro w n, b la ck sta rc h e s Beca m e w hit e a nd clo udy Beca m e a b ro w n, ru sty c o lo r blu e Cop yrig h t 2 01 9 - H an ds-O n L abs | h ttp ://h ols cie n ce.c om 6 / 1 0 E xe rc is e 2 W ell Che m ic a l C hange (Y e s/N o) A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 B 1 B 2 Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s No Ye s Ye s Ye s Fo r t h e m agnesiu m , b oth r e actio ns p ro duce d a c h em ic a l c h ange, r e su lt in g in t h e m eta l b urn in g and t u rn in g t o a sh . T he m ain d if fe re nce in t h e t w o r e actio ns c a m e d ow n t o b urn in g it . W hen dir e ctly o ve r a f la m e, t h e m agnesiu m b urs ts in to a b rig ht w hit e lig ht, w here as in t h e t e st t u be it ju st g lo w ed r e d a nd t u rn ed in to a sh es.

1 . D escrib e t h e s im ila rit ie s a n d/o r d if fe re nce s b e tw een h eatin g a n d b u rn in g t h e m ag nesiu m m eta l. D id e it h er h eatin g o r b u rn in g p ro duce a c h em ic al c h an ge? E xp la in y o ur a n sw er u sin g t h e o bse rv atio ns c o lle cte d i n D ata T able 2 . Cop yrig h t 2 01 9 - H an ds-O n L abs | h ttp ://h ols cie n ce.c om 7 / 1 0 I d id n ot o bse rv e a ny d if fe re nce s b etw een t h e h eatin g a nd b urn in g o f t h e z in c. B oth m eth ods ca use d t h e z in c t o h eat u p a nd m elt in to a liq uid . E ve n w hen I k e pt t h e z in c o ve r t h e f la m e a fte r melt in g, n o t y p e o f c h em ic a l r e actio n o ccu rre d. 2 . D escrib e t h e s im ila rit ie s a n d/o r d if fe re nce s b e tw een h eatin g a n d b u rn in g t h e m ossy z in c m eta l. D id e it h er h eatin g o r b u rn in g p ro duce a c h em ic al c h an ge? E xp la in y o ur a n sw er u sin g t h e o bse rv atio ns c o lle cte d i n D ata T able 2 .

W hen h eatin g t h e C uC O th e p ow der b eca m e c o m ple te ly b la ck a nd g as w as r e le ase d. T here w as no r e actio n a fte r t h at. W hen b urn in g t h e c h em ic a l, t h e p ow der s till t u rn ed b la ck b ut ( I a ssu m e) t h e gas t h at w as r e le ase d c a use d t h e f la m e t o g lo w b rig ht b lu e.

3 . D escrib e t h e s im ila rit ie s a n d/o r d if fe re nce s b e tw een h eatin g a n d b u rn in g t h e C u(N O ) . D id e it h er h eatin g o r b u rn in g p ro duce a c h em ic al c h an ge? E xp la in y o ur a n sw er u sin g t h e o bse rv atio ns c o lle cte d i n D ata T able 2 .

3 2 3, The h eatin g a nd b urn in g o f C u(N O ) was e xa ctly t h e s a m e, o th er t h an t h e a ddit io n o f t h e g lo w in g fla m e w hen h eate d.

4 . D escrib e t h e s im ila rit ie s a n d/o r d if fe re nce s b e tw een h eatin g a n d b u rn in g t h e C uCO .

D id e it h er h eatin g o r b u rn in g p ro duce a c h em ic al c h an ge? E xp la in y o ur a n sw er u sin g t h e o bse rv atio ns c o lle cte d i n D ata T able 2 .

3 3 2 In t h is e xp erim ent, I le arn ed t h at c h em ic a ls r e act in m any w ays w hen e xp ose d t o d if fe re nt t h in gs.

Wheth er it is m ix in g t w o c h em ic a ls t o geth er o r s e ttin g o ne o n f ir e , t h e r e actio ns d if fe r b ase d o n th e m eth od t h at c h em ic a l w as t e ste d. I a ls o le arn ed t h at t h ese c h em ic a l r e actio ns c o uld b e v e ry help fu l w hen t ry in g t o id entif y t h e c h em ic a l m ake up o f it e m s. Y o u c a n le arn e xa ctly w hat a pro duct m ig ht b e m ade o ut o f f ro m w atc h in g t h e r e actio n it h as w it h h eat, a ir , o r w ate r.

5 . H ow w ould y o u d escrib e t h e d if fe re nce s b e tw een h eatin g a n d b u rn in g? U se y o ur e xp e rie nce s i n t h e e xp e rim ent t o d escrib e t h ese d if fe re nce s. Cop yrig h t 2 01 9 - H an ds-O n L abs | h ttp ://h ols cie n ce.c om 8 / 1 0 Data T a ble 2 : H eatin g a nd C om bustio n T he o nly c h em ic a l t h at h as a p hysic a l c h ange w hen h eate d w as t h e m ossy z in c. It m elt e d a nd boile d in t h e t e st t u be, b ut d id n ot b urn o r c h ange in c o lo r.

6 . W hic h o f t h e f o ur c h em ic als t h at w as h eate d p ro duce d a p h ysic al c h an ge? S uppo rt y o ur a n sw er w it h o bse rv atio ns m ad e a n d r e co rd ed i n D ata T able 2 . Cop yrig h t 2 01 9 - H an ds-O n L abs | h ttp ://h ols cie n ce.c om 9 / 1 0 C he m ic a l In it ia l O bse rv atio ns M g Z n C uC O C u(N O ) C he m ic a l Heatin g O bse rv atio ns M g Z n C uC O C u(N O ) C he m ic a l Burn in g O bse rv atio ns M g Z n C uC O C u(N O ) sm all, s ilv e r, s h in y la rg e , ro ck-lik e , s ilv e r 3 fin e s e a-fo r g re en pow de r 3 2 sa lt -lik e b lu e c ry sta ls , co m pact glo w ed b rig ht re d a nd be ca m e a w hit e a sh melt e d in to liq uid 3 tu rn e d b la ck 3 2 Melt e d a nd tu rn e d gre en, lo ts o f fiz zin g and g as re le ase d, th e n tu rn e d b la ck Glo w ed re d, th e n tu rn e d in to a b rig ht w hit e fla m e, th e n tu rn e d in to ash Melt e d in to a liq uid , glo w ed re d 3 The fla m e g lo w ed b lu e and th e p ow de r tu rn e d bla ck 3 2 The fla m e g lo w ed gre en, th e c ry sta ls bubble d a nd tu rn e d bla ck Cop yrig h t 2 01 9 - H an ds-O n L abs | h ttp ://h ols cie n ce.c om 10 / 1 0