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A Few Good Men

Lou

University Affiliation

(Cite Film As Reference & Add Heading)

A few good men is a film that was set in the summer of 1986. It is an American legal drama released in 1992. The film is directed by Rob Reiner, starring Tom Cruise, Jack Nicholson, and Demi Moore. Supporting roles include Kevin Bacon, Kevin Pollak, James Marshall, Wolfgang Bodison, and Kiefer Sutherland. In the film, Lieutenant Daniel Kaffee who is a new lawyer in the Navy and yet to see the inside of s courtroom is tasked with defending two Marines accused of murdering their colleague. Kaffee the lawyer is known for being lazy and he had rather planned to have a plea bargain. The story is based on events that happened at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in July of 1986. At the base in Cuba, Private First Class William T. Santiago was murdered in what looks like a hazing incident that went wrong. He was found dead a rag stuffed into his mouth and his head shaved. Lance Corporal Harold W. Dawson and Private First Class Louden Downey, who were his fellow Marines, stand accused of the crime. They have been held in custody awaiting trial in Washington DC. (Add what Paper ia about.discuss for readers)

As the two suspects Downey and Dawson gave their testimonies, it is evident that Santiago the victim was a poor soldier who did not care about his colleagues. He had written several letters requesting to be transferred from Guantanamo but the requests were ignored. He had finally agreed to testify against his fellow Marines who had been accused of minor offenses and in exchange, he would be transferred. This was believed to be the motive that was behind him being a target during the attack. Kaffee was assigned the case by the Navy because they were trying to avoid a major scandal and knowing his reputation of setting issues outside court with bargaining plea agreements, he was the best for the job. Kaffee the lawyer works with the prosecution lawyer Lieutenant Jack Ross in coming up with a plea deal which involved minor punishments for the murder case, imprisonment for six months which was to be followed later by a dishonorable discharge from the Navy in exchange of admission of being guilty. Dawson and Downey refuse the offer due to their pride when it was presented to them by Kaffee. Admitting to the plea would mean that they did something wrong which they did not do in the real sense the only thing they did was following orders.

Galloway pressures Kaffee to take the case into the courtroom and because the accused refused to take the plea bargain, he agrees. It is established that Santiago was indeed scheduled for transfer from Guantanamo and that lieutenant Jonathan Kendrick James who was the commanding officer had ordered publicly that there was to be no retaliation against the transfer. However privately he ordered code red to Dowson who enlisted the help of Downey. The intention was to punish Santiago and not to kill him however they did not realize that Santiago had an underlying medical condition that could cause him death from suffocation with the rag. Kaffee spoke to Captain Matthew A. Markinson about the scheduled transfer of Santiago. Markinson had worked prior with Dawson, Santiago, and Downey and he had influenced heavily for the transfer of Santiago. Lieutenant Colonel Nathan Jessup was his superior was a man who loved being in control and he never intended to transfer Santiago as it was revealed by Markinson it was a tactic.

During the case, Kaffee intended to call Markinson to testify against Jessup but he commits suicide before going to court. Kaffee gives up because he lacks this testament that would nail Jessup. However, Galloway thinks that they still have a chance if they call Jessup to the stand for him to confess. This was a huge risk because Jessup had a huge influence in the Navy and also there were tough consequences for a soldier if they destroy or tarnish the reputation of a superior officer. If they were unable to get the intended proof from the testimony that Jessup would give they would be court-martialed. During the trial, when Jessup takes the trial, he brags about how his orders are always followed and he had ordered the transfer of Santiago because of his dislike amongst other soldiers. The transfer was intended to keep him safe. From his testimony, it is established that Jessup and Kendrick are guilty and they are arrested. Downey and Dawson are found not guilty of the murder however they were found guilty of conduct unbecoming a United States marine and they are discharged dishonorably from the Navy.

The character of choice in this document is Lieutenant Daniel Kaffee who is a lawyer in the film. He was the son of a United States attorney and he used the Navy to finance his education. He bided his time until when he fulfilled his obligations to the service and was able to go into lucrative private service. He was assigned to defend soldiers that faced charges for minor offenses which he resorted mostly by plea bargains and he was able to bargain 44 cases successfully. He is portrayed as being a slow-pitch softball lover more than his job that is why he preferred settling his cases.

(Heading) Resilience is defined as being able to cope with the crisis of difficult situations or returning to the status they were before the crisis. Psychological resilience exists among those who have developed behavioral and psychological capabilities allowing them to stay calm during chaos or a crisis and being able to move on from the incident without having a long-term negative consequence. Repeated deployment of the military into a war zone affects the soldier’s state of mind in several ways (Spijker et al 2018). For instance, if the solider is a parent, the deployment extracts a toll on their families and children and the functionality and quality of their relationship with the family. Lieutenant Daniel Kaffee is military is a military defense lawyer they are not deployed to war. However in case, he was deployed, the exposure to deployment and PTSD are some of the risk factors that would influence his relationship with his family or his performance when practicing law. (cite)

Kaffee is a son to a former attorney in the United States. From a family where his parent was an attorney, he is determined to be a lawyer. He grew up in the shadows of his father who was very successful. His father was a judge in the Navy he however died and not much of him is seen in the movie. From the story, it is evident that his father's carrier as a lawyer was successful and that is what Daniel as a lawyer is trying to live up to in his carrier as well. This is what contributes to his resilience during his case with Jessup. Kaffee has never been to war that is at least according to the movie, therefore, the impact of his character on his family is not known. Besides Kaffee lives alone in a one-bedroomed apartment in Washington DC and also he is single he, therefore, has no family of his own

There are several challenges faced by the military families which soldiers come from. They include relocations and frequent separations as well as the risks faced by the deployed service members. However many families have been able to navigate these challenges successfully. Service men and women who have been deployed for extended periods on a repeated basis combined with other consequences during combat affects the ability of a lot of families to cope with the stress after their deployment. There is an increased number of strategies and programs that provide both the military and civilians support and psychological encouragements that provide resilience to the service members and their families. Some of the effects of deployment include emotion stress such as anger, fear and as the departure of the service members comes closer the family experiences detachment and withdrawal. The family also feels arrange of feelings which include worry concern or panic. Loneliness, added family responsibilities, and duties, financial difficulties, sadness, fear of their service member’s safety just to mention but a few. You need a reference to support this paragraph.

The reaction of children after their parent is deployed varies from child to child. Their reaction is determined by their age, maturity and other mental health and behavioral problems that the child might have. Also, the mental health of the parent who stays at home usually affects the distress levels of the child. This is mostly true for younger children (Hoencamp et al 2015). If the parent is able to handle the distress of their spouse being deployed successfully, their child is less likely to experience mental distress or have a behavioral problem. However, after they have returned a lot happens too. The experience of being deployed helps the family become more responsible. Although they have grown they faced a lot of challenges. Reuniting with the family member after deployment is often filled with joy and happiness but can also be stressful (Brenner et al, 2015). There is usually a honeymoon phase which is usually short-lived and temporary. The behavioral outcomes of the deployed service men include abuse of alcohol, increased smoking, eating often are some of the ways which the servicemen try coping with the stress.

Anger and violent behavior is also another change in behavior that is seen in post-war veterans. The reaction to trauma varies in several individuals. Some display characteristics that are clearly associated with posttraumatic stress however some show resilience responses to the trauma. It is estimated that 20% of the military personnel who have been to war meet the criteria of PTSD (Sareen, 2017). Combat stress and trauma have been found to reduce activity in midbrain and integrity which is associated with compromised attention that is sustained. It is known that prolonged trauma causes increased risks for the development of psychiatric conditions. Also, traumatic stress compromises the functioning of neurocognition. Victims usually experience cognitive failures. Alcoholism, impulsive and violent behaviors are some of the changes that are seen after the return of deployed service men and women.

A statistic would make this statement very strong if you could find one to support.. Most of them also experience recurring, reminders that are intrusive of the traumatic events that include thoughts that are distressing. They have flashbacks and nightmares with the feeling that the event is happening again. Also, they experience an emotional and physical reaction that is extreme reminding them of the trauma. This is usually manifested by the soldiers having panic attacks, heart palpitations, and uncontrollable shaking. They also avoid certain things that would cause them to remember the traumatic event this includes people, place, thoughts or situations that are associated with the bad memories (Sareen, 2017). Some may withdraw from friends, family, and loss of interest in doing certain day to day activities. The soldiers also experience change that is negative in their moods and thoughts. This may include a persistent feeling of guilt, fear or shame and they may also experience a diminished ability in being able to experience positive emotion. They might also be jumpy emotionally reactive and being on the guard at all time. This is indicated by irritability, reckless behavior, trouble to concentrate, sleeping difficulty and hypervigilance. cite

Trauma can result in several conditions affecting the victim’s psychology. They include depression posttraumatic stress as indicated earlier, anxiety disorders, alcohol, and substance abuse and finally borderline personality disorder. The longer someone experiences the trauma the longer the impact it will have. As the trauma continues, the experience also changes from the situation being an exception of an otherwise safe life to being a normal experience of their everyday life. As the trauma repeats, one adopts easily to the sense of being able to change or stop it from happening. The powerlessness is experienced during the trauma and also during the intervention moments (Bar-Shai, & Klein, 2015). After the trauma has stopped, it becomes difficult for the victim to believe that they can prevent the situation from ever happening in the future. Age is an important factor for an individual who faced a traumatic event. One is only able to face the trauma with the availability of cognitive and emotional resources. Therefore for children, they process the trauma based on the ability of their brain processing the trauma. Children when frequently exposed to trauma develop resilience and they become stress immune. It has been established that children and adolescents cope effectively to stress when they receive stable and nurturing from others. Resilience to trauma, however, has been found not to be gender specific and it does not decrease or increase with age. It is rather related to psychological development and emotional and cognitive competence. The responses to different traumatizing events depend on the situation and the interaction with personality and other variables. cite

(Heading)There are co-morbidities associated with posttraumatic disorder and substance abuse disorder. Approximately 85% of those diagnosed with PTSD meet the criteria of having an additional mental disorder. The condition might include high rates of suicide attempts, increased risks of violence, poor social functioning, legal problems and poor adherence to treatment. The commodities are diverse across a wide range setting and population (Spijker et al 2018). The relationship between the co-morbidity of PTSD and substance abuse are not like any other due to the complex presentation of the symptoms, effects of the substance being abused and the withdrawal symptoms when the substance is eliminated from the body. Additionally, the substances abused by the victims appear related to the specific symptoms of the condition.

In conclusion, it is important for PTSD victims to seek medical treatment as soon as possible to avoid any co-morbidity or future psychological complications. (Your conclusion is needs to be at least a paragraph. Also its own heading. Headings make your paper flow easier.)

References

Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4smbS_G0cCE- (What was retrieved from youtube?)

Spijker, E. E., Jones, K., Duijff, J. W., Smith, A., & Christey, G. R. (2018). Psychiatric comorbidities in adult survivors of major trauma: findings from the Midland Trauma Registry. Journal of Primary Health Care, 10(4), 292-302.

Hoencamp, R., Idenburg, F. J., Van Dongen, T. T., De Kruijff, L. G., Huizinga, E. P., Plat, M. C. J., ... & Vermetten, E. (2015). The long-term impact of battle injuries; five-year follow-up of injured Dutch servicemen in Afghanistan 2006-2010. PloS one, 10(2), e0115119.

Brenner, L. A., Betthauser, L. M., Bahraini, N., Lusk, J. L., Terrio, H., Scher, A. I., & Schwab, K. A. (2015). Soldiers returning from deployment: A qualitative study regarding exposure, coping, and reintegration. Rehabilitation psychology, 60(3), 277.

Sareen, J. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder in adults: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, course, assessment, and diagnosis.

Bar-Shai, M., & Klein, E. (2015). Vulnerability to PTSD: Psychosocial and demographic risk and resilience factors. In Future Directions in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (pp. 3-30). Springer, Boston, MA (The film should be a reference.)