In an APA format paper, approximately 3-5 pages in length, address the following questions. (Please note that you will continue to write in the same document you completed for part 1 and 2 of this ass

Pico Assignment

Qualitative Studies

Study One

There is plenty of research regarding bed alarm and their lack effectiveness at fall prevention; there are also studies that show how other interventions are more effective than alarms. One study called the “Got-A-Minute Campaign to Reduce Patient Falls with Injury in an Acute Care Setting” was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a non-alarm based fall intervention. The study is a qualitative phenomenology study that described the lived experiences of patients in an acute care hospital to gain an understanding of the experience of patient involvement in fall prevention (Schmidt & Brown, 2015). The study was conducted over a three-year time span at a medical-surgical unit that had an average daily census of 35 patients (Spicer, Delmo, & Agdipa, 2017). The quality indicator during this study was falls with injury per 1,000 patient days.

At the beginning of the study, a team was created called the “Stumble Stoppers” which included a nurse, pharmacy personnel, and a physical therapist who investigated every fall that occurred. The team then individualized every fall by interviewing nursing personal, such as the floor nurse and certified nursing assistants, as well as the patient and the patient’s family to gain knowledge of how the patient lives their day to develop the most effective fall intervention. The nursing personnel, patient, and the patient’s family would offer their perceptions of the event and offer suggestions as to what could have been done differently and based off the suggestions a collective decision would be made, and intervention would be implemented (Spicer, Delmo, & Agdipa, 2017). After the intervention was implemented, a debriefing would be posted on the whiteboard in the patient room to remind every in the room, including the patient, family, and other staff, as to the measure being taken to prevent more falls. Also on the whiteboard, weekly statistics about the patient’s falls would comply and a statement was posted as to how all caring members of this patient played roles to prevent the patient from falling. The results of the study were tremendous as very little bed alarms were used and more appropriate interventions were implemented due to the cause analysis of these falls. In the first year of the campaign, there was an average of 1.21 falls per 1,000 patient days, after the third year that number was down to 0.15 falls per 1,000 patient days (Spicer, Delmo, & Agdipa, 2017).

During the study, the authors developed trustworthiness by having solid results from their study that was meaningful and believable. The author's credibility was established as the results of the study showed that with individualized fall interventions the fall rate reduced significantly by more than eight times. The fall reductions were expected with this study because the study conducted root cause analysis for the falls which is effective because it prevents the main cause of the fall. The author’s confirmability of this study is also intact as the statistics were compiled by the “Stumble Stoppers” who individually assessed each fall and the data was transcribed by them and interpreted by the study’s authors. The author’s dependability is also a source of their trustworthiness as the study’s results were found over a three-time span and the findings were reflective of the data collected. The authors also established trustworthiness because the transferability of the study is acceptable as the findings point to individualized care being the most effective type of care provided which can be transferred to many other areas of care. This study applies to the population of the PICO question of whether bed alarms or trained staff are more effective in fall prevention because it argues against the bed alarms and supports the idea that trained staff who are looking at fall closely to determine root causes are very effective at implementing more appropriate fall interventions.