Choose a health care issue with controversial ethical and legal implications that was at the center of a high visibility case in the public domain. Some examples of issues include but are not limited

Al-Busaidi, Z. Q. (2008). Qualitative research and its uses in health care. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 8(1), 11–19.

Center for Innovation in Research and Teaching. (n.d.). An overview of quantitative research. Retrieved from https://cirt.gcu.edu/research/developmentresources/research_ready/quantresearch/overview_quant

Bleser, W. K., Miller-Day, M., Naughton, D., Bricker, P. L., Cronholm, P. F., & Gabbay, R. A. (2014). Strategies for achieving whole-practice engagement and buy-in to the patient-centered medical home. The Annals of Family Medicine, 12(1), 37–45.

Caldas de Almeida, J. M. (2015). Mental health services and public mental health: Challenges and opportunities. World Psychiatry, 14(1), 51–53.

Daaleman, T. P., & Fisher, E. B. (2015). Enriching patient-centered medical homes through peer support. Annals of Family Medicine, 13(Suppl 1), S73–S78

Howard, H. A., Malouin, R., & Callow-Rucker, M. (2016). Care managers and knowledge shift in primary care patient-centered medical home transformation. Human Organization, 75(1), 10–20.

Jarvis, A., Perry, R., Smith, D., Terry, R., & Peters, S. (2015). General practitioners' beliefs about the clinical utility of complementary and alternative medicine. Primary Health Care Research & Development, 16(3), 246–253.

Magill, M. K., Ehrenberger, D., Scammon, D. L., Day, J., Allen, T., Reall, A. J., … Kim, J. (2015). The cost of sustaining a patient-centered medical home: Experience from 2 states. Annals of Family Medicine, 13(5), 429–435.

Patient-Centered Primary Care Collaborative. (n.d.). History: Major milestones for primary care and the medical home. Retrieved from https://www.pcpcc.org/content/history-0

Shin, P., Sharac, J., & Rosenbaum, S. (2015). Community health centers and Medicaid at 50: An enduring relationship essential for health system transformation. Health Affairs, 34(7), 1096–1104.

Videos

Genpact. (2017). What are the biggest challenges in healthcare today? [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.genpact.com/insight/videos/what-are-the-biggest-challenges-in-healthcare-today

HPCAtube. (2012, April 25). What is a community health center? [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPLpNWO5uGs

Martin, M. (2014, February 10). Quantitative management in healthcare [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_7k3nKFIjs

Public Health Wessex Training Group. (2014, March 14). What is public health? [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oy1CAMObRzc

SmithGroup. (2015, March 16). Ambulatory care center design [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cz5MxxvHMss

Lockett, K. M. (2014). Integrating hospital and physician revenue cycle operations. Healthcare Financial Management, 68(3), 38–41.

Module 3 - Home

Patient-Centered Medical Home, Ambulatory Care, Community Health Centers, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, and Mental Health

Modular Learning Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this module, the student will be able to satisfy the following outcomes:

• Case

  • Evaluate data using the quantitative methods and summarize the survey data regarding health care delivery quality.

• SLP

  • Research and analyze a Patient-Centered Medical Home, Ambulatory Care, Community Health Centers, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, or Mental Health, and formulate solid recommendations for the future of health care delivery within the selected facility.

• Discussion

  • Analyze the history of patient-centered medical homes and hypothesize essential trends for the prospective patient-centered medical homes.

Module Overview

AHRQ's Definition of the Medical Home

The medical home model holds promise to improve health care in America by transforming how primary care is organized and delivered. Building on the work of a large and growing community, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) defines a medical home not simply as a place but as a model of the organization of primary care that delivers the core functions of primary health care.

The medical home encompasses five functions and attributes:

• Patient-centered: The primary care medical home provides primary health care that is relationship-based with an orientation toward the whole person. Partnering with patients and their families requires understanding and respecting each patient’s unique needs, culture, values, and preferences. The medical home practice actively supports patients in learning to manage and organize their own care at the level the patient chooses. Recognizing that patients and families are core members of the care team, medical home practices ensure that they are fully informed partners in establishing care plans.

• Comprehensive care: The primary care medical home is accountable for meeting the majority of each patient’s physical and mental health care needs, including prevention and wellness, acute care, and chronic care. Providing comprehensive care requires a team of care providers. This team might include physicians, advanced practice nurses, physician assistants, nurses, pharmacists, nutritionists, social workers, educators, and care coordinators. Although some medical home practices may bring together large and diverse teams of care providers to meet the needs of their patients, many others, including smaller practices, will build virtual teams linking themselves and their patients to providers and services in their communities.

• Coordinated care: The primary care medical home coordinates care across all elements of the broader health care system, including specialty care, hospitals, home health care, and community services and supports. Such coordination is particularly critical during transitions between sites of care, such as when patients are being discharged from the hospital. Medical home practices also excel at building clear and open communication among patients and families, the medical home, and members of the broader care team.

• Superb access to care: The primary care medical home delivers accessible services with shorter waiting times for urgent needs, enhanced in-person hours, around-the-clock telephone or electronic access to a member of the care team, and alternative methods of communication such as e-mail and telephone care. The medical home practice is responsive to patients’ preferences regarding access.

• A systems-based approach to quality and safety: The primary care medical home demonstrates a commitment to quality and quality improvement by ongoing engagement in activities such as using evidence-based medicine and clinical decision-support tools to guide shared decision making with patients and families, engaging in performance measurement and improvement, measuring and responding to patient experiences and patient satisfaction, and practicing population health management. Sharing robust quality and safety data and improvement activities publicly is also an important marker of a system-level commitment to quality. Methods of reliable measures of quality and patient safety to improve health can be found at the Agency for Health Research and Quality’s National Quality Measure Clearinghouse (http://www.qualitymeasures.ahrq.gov).

Quantitative Methods:

Quantitative research deals in numbers, logic, and an objective stance. Quantitative research focuses on numeric and unchanging data and detailed, convergent reasoning rather than divergent reasoning (i.e., the generation of a variety of ideas about a research problem in a spontaneous, free-flowing manner).

Quantitative main characteristics are:

• The data is usually gathered using structured research instruments.

• The results are based on larger sample sizes that are representative of the population.

• The research study can usually be replicated or repeated, given its high reliability.

• Researcher has a clearly defined research question to which objective answers are sought.

• All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is collected.

• Data are in the form of numbers and statistics, often arranged in tables, charts, figures, or other non-textual forms.

• Project can be used to generalize concepts more widely, predict future results, or investigate causal relationships.

• Researcher uses tools, such as questionnaires or computer software, to collect numerical data.

• The overarching aim of a quantitative research study is to classify features, count them, and construct statistical models to explain what is observed.

For additional information on quantitative method, see the following source:
http://hls.harvard.edu/content/uploads/2011/12/quantitative_methods.pdf

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Patient Centered Medical Home Resource Center. (n.d.). Transforming the organization and delivery of primary care. Retrieved from http://pcmh.ahrq.gov/portal/server.pt/community/pcmh__home/1483