here were several important themes in chapter 1. Here are a few quotes: “Policy-making and its subsequent implementation is necessary to deal with societal problems.” (Janssen, 2015) “Policy-making is

ITS 832 CHAPTER 1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY DR. JORDON SHA W INTRODUCTION • Policy -making and implementation • Necessary to deal with societal problems • Policy interventions • Costly • Long -term implications • May affect large groups of people • Not easy to undo COMPLEXITY AND UNCERTAINTY • Ongoing process • Recognize issue as problem • Develop alternative course of action • Create or alter policy • Implement policy • Execute policy • Evaluate policy POLICY CYCLE AND STAKEHOLDERS DEVELOPMENTS • New technology that affects policy process • Social media • Blogs • Open data • Freedom of information • Wisdom of the crowds • Open collaboration • Transparency in policy simulation • Agent -based simulation and hybrid modeling techniques COMBINING DISCIPLINES • New field is known by different names • ePolicy -making • Digital policy science • Computational intelligence • Digital science / Data science • Policy informatics • Multidisciplinary • Requires expertise from wide range of disciplines SUMMARY • Policy -making is changing due to technology • Technology can help to develop more effective policy • Integrating technology requires substantial effort • Many types of technology • Requires different levels of expertise • All technology is not helpful for each situation • Emerging need for inter -disciplinary specialists