Week 5 Assignment After reading the following chapters, answer the questions below. Please, give your answers in your own words, do not copy and paste from the textbook or other source. Chapter 10: Le

Week 5 Soc Assignment 4

Content:

Social Inequality: Chapter 10 Gender Inequality,11 Ethnicity&Race&Chapter, 12 Aging

Social Institution: Chapter15 Family,16 Education ,17 Religion

Chapter19 Population&Urbanization

一、Multiple-Choice Questions

1. Gender is not just a matter of difference but also a matter of __________

a. power.

b. wealth.

c. prestige.

d. All of the above are correct.

­2. The anthropologist Margaret Mead studied gender in three societies

in New Guinea and found that __________

a. all societies define femininity in much the same way,

b. all societies define masculinity in much the same way.

c. what is feminine in one society may be masculine in another,

d. the meaning of gender is changing everywhere toward greater

equality.

­3. For all of us raised in U.S. society, gender shapes our __________

a. Feelings.

b. thoughts.

c. actions.

d. All of the above are correct.

­4. There is a "beauty myth" in U.S. society that encourages __________

a. women to believe that their personal importance depends on their

looks.

b. beautiful women to think that they do not need men.

c. men to improve their physical appearance to get the attention of

Women.

d. women to think they are as physically attractive as today's men are.

5. Race refers to _ considered important by a society, and ethnicity

refers to__________

a. biological traits; cultural traits

b. cultural traits; biological traits

c. differences; what we have in common

d. what we have in common; differences

6. A minority is defined as a category of people who__________

a. have physical traits that make them different

b. are less than half the society's population.

c. are defmed as both different and disadvantaged.

d. are below average in terms of income.

7. Prejudice is a matter of _, and discrimination is a matter of __________

­a.biology; culture

b. attitudes; behavior

c. choice; social structure

d. what rich people think; what rich people do

8. Which of the following is the largest category of Asian Americans in the United States?

a. Chinese American

b. Japanese American

c. Korean American

d. Vietnamese American

9. Where in the world is the share of the elderly population increasing most quickly?

a. low-income nations

b. all the world's nations

c. high-income nations

d, the United States

10. The structural-functional approach to aging involves __________

a. disengagement theory.

b. activity theory.

c. social inequality.

d. All of the above are correct.

11. The idea of retirement first appears in which type of society?

a. hunting and gathering societies

b. pastoral societies

c. industrial societies

d. postindustrial societies

12.The term "gerontocracy" means a society where __________

a. there is a lot of social inequality,

b. men dominate women.

c. religious leaders are in charge.

d. the oldest people have the most wealth, power, and prestige.

13. What effect does industrialization have on the social standing of the oldest members of a society?

a. Social standing goes down.

b. There is little or no effect.

c. Social standing goes up.

d. Social standing goes up for men and down for women.

14. A social-conflict approach highlights how education

a. reflects and reinforces social inequality.

b. helps prepare students for their future careers.

c. has both latent and manifest functions.

d. All of the above are correct.

15.Using a structural-functional approach, schooling carries out the task of _______

a. tying together a diverse population,

b. creating new culture.

c. socializing young people.

d. All of the above are correct.

16. Demography is defined as the study of __________

a. democratic political systems.

b. human culture.

c. human population.

d. the natural environment.

17. In general, the higher the average income of a country, __________

a. the faster the population increases.

b.the slower the population increases.

c. the lower the level of immigration.

d. the lower the level of urbanization.

18.The environmental deficit refers to __________

a. long-term harm to the environment caused by a shortsighted focus on material affluence.

b. the public's lack of interest in the natural environment.

c. the fact that natural scientists ignore the social dimensions of environmental problems.

d. the lack of funding for important environmental programs.

19. Which of the following statements reflects the "limits to growth" thesis?

a. People are rapidly consuming Earth's finite resources.

b. Whatever problems technology creates, technology can solve.

c. The quality of life on Earth is getting better.

d. Higher living standards today will benefit future generations.

20.Environmental racism is the idea that __________

a. few minorities are found within the environmental movement.

b. prejudice is the major cause of pollution and other environmental problems.

c. environmental dangers are greatest for the poor and minorities.

d. All of the above are correct.

2­1. The family is a social institution that is found in __________

a. most but not all societies.

b. Low-income nations but typically not in high-income nations.

c. high-income nations but typically not in low-income nations.

d. every society.

2­2.What is the term sociologists use for a family containing parents, children, and other kin?

a.a nuclear family b.an extended family

c. a family of affinity d. a conjugal family

2­3. A system of marriage that unites one woman with two or more men is called __________

a. Polygamy. b. polygyny.

c. polyandry. d. bilateral marriage.

2­4. Sociologists claim that marriage in the United States follows the principle of homogamy, which means that partners are __________

a. people of the same sex.

b. people who are socially alike in terms of class, age, and race.

c. people who marry due to social pressure.

d. selected based on love rather than by parents.

2­5.Which of the following are included among the functions of the family?

a. socialization of children

b. regulation of sexual activity

c. social placement of children

d. All of the above are correct.

2­6. Which theoretical approach states that people select partners who have about the same to offer as they do?

the structural-functional approach b.the social-exchange approach

c. the social-conflict approach d. the feminist approach

2­7.Which of the following transitions in married life is usually the hardest for people?

a. the birth of the second child b. the last child leaving home

c. the death of a spouse d, retiring from the labor force

2­8. In the United States, many Latino families are characterized by __________

a.strong extended kinship.

b. parents exerting a great deal of control over their children's courtship.

c. traditional gender roles.

d. All of the above are correct.

2­9.For which category of the U.S, population is the highest proportion of children born to single women?

a. African Americans b. Asian Americans

c. Hispanic Americans d. non-Hispanic white Americans

30. Which category of people in the United States is at the highest risk of divorce?

a. gay and lesbian couples __________

b. young people who marry after a short courtship

c. a couple whose parents never experienced divorce

d.a couple facing a wanted and expected pregnancy

3­1. What term did Emile Durkheim use to refer to the everyday elements of our lives?

a. religion b. profane

c. sacred d. ritual

3­2.Faith, or belief in religious matters, is best described as __________

a. what we learn from science.

b. what our senses tell us.

c. our cultural traditions.

d. conviction in things unseen.

­33. The reason sociologists study religion is to learn __________

a. the meaning of life.

b. whether a particular religion is true or not.

c. how patterns of religious activity affect society.

d. which religious organization they wish to join.

3­4. Which of the following is not one of the important functions of religion, according to Durkheim?

a. generating social conflict

b. generating social cohesion

c. providing social control

d. providing meaning and purpose

3­5.Peter Berger claims that we are most likely to turn to religion when we experience __________

a. social conflict.

b. the best of times,

c. familiar, everyday routines.

d. important events that are out of our control.

3­6.Which sociologist explained how religion helps support social inequality?

a. Emile Durkheim b, Karl Marx

c. Max Weber d, Ernst Troeltsch

37.Which type of religious organization is most integrated into the larger society?

a. cult b. church

c. sect d. New Age spirituality

38. A sect is a type of religious organization that __________

a. has formally trained leaders.

b. is well integrated into the larger society,

c. rejects the importance of charisma.

d. stands apart from the larger society.

39.Which of the following religions is found in the United States?

a. Islam b. Judaism

c. Christianity d. All of the above are correct.

40.The term "secularization" refers to which of the following?

a. religion becoming more important in people's lives.

b. increasing popularity of fundamentalism.

c. the decline in the importance of religion and the sacred.

d.churches resisting social change.

­Essay Questions

1. How do the concepts "sex" and "gender" differ? In what ways are they related?

2. What is the basic distinction between the sacred and the profane that underlies all religious belief?

3. According to demographic transition theory, how does economic development affect population patterns?

4.According to Ferdinand Tonnies, Emile Durkheirn, Georg Simmel and Louis Wirth, what characterizes urbanism as a way of life? Note several differences in the ideas of these thinkers.

5. Sociologists point to ways in which family life reflects not just individual choices but the structure of society as well. Provide three examples of how society shapes family life.