TOPIC: OPIOID ADDICTION IN TEENS DUE 8/3/19  8 p.m EST 15 PAGES not including title & Ref Page APA Format Be on Time & Original WORK! GRAD LEVEL READ DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY AND FOLLOW OUTLINE ATTACHED

The following is an example of a content outline for this paper. While you are not required to follow this outline exactly, all of the following content should be included in some way in the scholarly paper:

• Title page

• Background (one page maximum)

  • Statistics and information about the health outcome/disease(s)

  • Statistics and information about the exposure/risk factor(s)

  • Brief discussion of possible connection between exposure(s) and outcome(s) and justification for the study

• Research questions and hypotheses

  • State the study’s research questions along with their associated hypotheses

• Target population and sample size

  • Description of target population and sample

    • Inclusion and exclusion criteria

    • The sampling strategy to be used

Sample size considerations (how large of a sample do you need and why)

• Recruitment (primary data collection) or data selection (secondary data) strategies

  • If collecting your own data, describe:

    • How you will find and contact potential participants (where, when, with what method)

    • The type of data collection method to be used (e.g., online survey)

    • How many times participants will be contacted and by what method

• • If using secondary data (an existing database), describe:

    • The procedures used for recruitment, participation, and data collection by the owners of the database (i.e., how were the data in the database collected?)

    • How you will gain access to the dataset

• Instrumentation (data collection tools such as surveys, interviews, or medical record abstraction forms)

  • For each published instrument you plan to use:

    • Identify the name of the instrument, its author, and its year of publication

    • Describe the instrument and what it measures

    • Discuss why the instrument is appropriate for your study and your population

    • Provide information about where and with whom the instrument has been used previously

    • Include information on the instruments’ known validity/reliability

  • For each instrument you plan to create yourself:

    • Describe the instrument and what it measures

    • Discuss your plans for testing validity and reliability

    • Provide information about how your instrument will help answer your research questions

    • Operationalization of Variables (exposures, outcomes, covariates, potential confounders)

• • For each variable in your study describe:

    • Its definition specific to your study

    • How it will be measured in your study

    • How the variable will be coded (e.g., if collecting information on age will it be collected continuously (individual age in years) or in categories (age 18-24, 25-34, etc.)?)

• • For each scale in your study, describe:

    • Its definition specific to your study

    • How the scale score is calculated and interpreted

• Statistical analysis plans

  • Describe data cleaning and screening procedures for the initial dataset

  • Discuss your plans for initial descriptive analyses and any other preliminary statistics that may be appropriate (e.g., bivariate analyses to assess potential confounders, collinearity analyses)

  • For each research question/hypothesis:

    • Identify the statistical test that will be used to test the association

    • Describe which variables will be included in the analysis and why

    • Identify the measures of association, parameter estimates, or other results and describe how they will be interpreted

    • Include a discussion of additional procedures as appropriate (e.g., Bonferroni corrections, goodness-of-fit tests, tests for interaction)

• Strengths and Limitations

  • Discussion of the strengths of your study proposal (e.g., strengths of study design, instrumentation, analysis)

  • Selection biases

    • Description of potential selection bias concerns (i.e., how representative your sample will be of the larger population)

    • Discussion of strategies you will use to minimize selection bias in your study

  • Information biases

    • Description of the potential information biases in your study

    • Discussion of how information bias will be handled or minimized in the study

  • Confounding

    • Identify possible confounders of the associations in your research questions

    • Discuss strategies that you will use to minimize and/or measure confounding in your study

  • Identification of any statistical limitations (e.g., power)

• Social Change Implications

  • Identify how the study results might advance knowledge in epidemiology

  • Identify how the study results might advance public health practice

  • Describe potential implications for positive social change (who might be affected and how)

• Ethical Considerations (describe how you will protect human participants and their information)

  • If you are collecting your own data:

    • Discuss plans for administering informed consent

    • Identify any ethical concerns related to recruitment or data collection and your plans to address those concerns

  • For all studies:

    • Describe any institutional approvals needed

    • Describe whether data will be identifiable, anonymous, and/or confidential and the protections you will take (data storage procedures, who will have access to the data, etc.)

    • Any other ethical issues and how they will be addressed (e.g., conducting a study at your workplace)

• References