Please help with this assignment? Please STRICTLY follow the attached rubric and address ALL topics. Please also use the attached annotated bibliography. Thank you.
Running head: BREAST CANCER IN AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN 0
Breast Cancer in African American Women
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Annotated Bibliography
Tao, L., Gomez, S. L., Keegan, T. H., Kurian, A. W., & Clarke, C. A. (2015). Breast cancer mortality in African-American and non-Hispanic white women by molecular subtype and stage at diagnosis: a population-based study. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers, 24(7), 1039-1045. Retrieved from http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/24/7/1039.short
Tao, et al, (2015) research about breast cancer mortality in African American and non-Hispanic whites women by molecular subtypes and stages at diagnosis, A population based study, reveals that African American women experience substantially higher breast cancer morality than non-Hispanic whites women. The study was based on the California cancer registry about 104, 051 African American female. The results after adjustments for patients, tumor and treatments characteristic, the researcher found that there is substantially higher hazards of breast cancer death among African American women in stage II/III HR+ /HER2- . Toa et al, (2015) indicates that there are substantial racial/ethnic disparities among patients with stage II/III HR+ /HER2- and stage III triple-negative breast cancers but not for other subtypes and stages. The research shows barriers for treatment for the target population which in this case is about cancer patient in African American women. This research is important because it gives some green light on the extent of cancer effects in African American population.
Reeder-Hayes, K., Hinton, S. P., Meng, K., Carey, L. A., & Dusetzina, S. B. (2016). Disparities in use of human epidermal growth hormone receptor 2–targeted therapy for early-stage breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 34(17), 2003.Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4966516/
Reeder-Hayes, Hinton, Meng, Carey & Dusetzina, (2016) article on disparities in use of human epidermal growth hormones receptors 2- targeted therapy for early stages breast cancer study conducted through modified Poisson regression analysis to evaluate the independent effects of race on likelihood of receiving trantuzumab by controlling for clinical need, comorbidity and community level socioeconomic status. The results of the study indicate that 56 percent of black women receive trastuzumab while 74 of white women receive the transtuzumab but 25 percent of black women are less likely to uptake of transtuzumab. The cause of this is due to racial disparities that exists, poverty. The barriers for use of the transtuzumab therapy as per the research reveal that it could potentially improve recurrence and survival outcomes among minority women. The monoclonal antibody transtuzumab has changed the treatments paradigm and prognosis of human epidermal growth factors receptors 2(HER2) - Positive breast cancer.
Richardson, L. C. (2016). Patterns and trends in age-specific black-white differences in breast cancer incidence and mortality–United States, 1999–2014. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 65.Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6540a1.htm
Richardson, (2016) research on pattern and trend in age specific black white difference in breast cancer incidence and mortality in united states, 1999-2014. The author’s research reveals that black women continued to have the highest cancer for morality rate with death decreasing among whites. The CDC report suggests that improvement in follow up of abnormal screening tests and treatments for breast cancer for black women could address racial disparities. Large scale federal initiative have provided a novel opportunity to address racial disparities in breast cancer subtypes and beyond at the molecular level. Advances in understanding breast cancer subtypes have improved awareness that black women are more likely to be diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer which has improved the likelihood that they receive the appropriate treatments based on their cancer types 4. The initiative determines the genetic variations that increases risk for aggressive breast cancer so that tailored intervention and treatment plan can be developed.
Chollet-Hinton, L., Anders, C. K., Tse, C. K., Bell, M. B., Yang, Y. C., Carey, L. A., ... & Troester, M. A. (2016). Breast cancer biologic and etiologic heterogeneity by young age and menopausal status in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study: a case-control study. Breast Cancer Research, 18(1), 79.Retrived from https://breast-cancer-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13058-016-0736-y
Chollet-Hinton, Et al., (2016) research on breast cancer biologic and etiologic heterogenetic by young age and menopausal status in the Carolina breast cancer study shows that young onset of breast cancer is associated with worse prognosis and higher mortality. The breast cancer risk factors is contributed by distinct tumors biology and distinct ages at onset but that understanding of the relationship is limited by representation of young women in epidemiologic studies. The results of the case study reveal that the premenopausal and postmenopausal strata younger women had more aggressive disease which includes higher stage, hormone receptor negative. Diseases as well as increased frequency of basal like subtypes, lymph node positivity and larger tumors. The higher waist to hip ratio was associated with reduced breast cancer risk among young women but with elevated risk among older women. In conclusion, the authors found that age is key predictors of breast cancer biologic and etiologic heterogeneity and may be a stronger determinant of heterogeneity than menopausal status.
Marshall, J. K., Mbah, O. M., Ford, J. G., Phelan-Emrick, D., Ahmed, S., Bone, L., ... & Brown, Q. (2016). Effect of patient navigation on breast cancer screening among African American Medicare beneficiaries: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of general internal medicine, 31(1), 68-76. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-015-3484-2
Marshall, et al., (2018) article about effects of patient navigation on breast cancer screening among African American Medicare beneficiaries shows that there is evidence of patient navigation improves breast cancer screening rates but there is limited of its efficacy on African American older adults women. The cancer prevention and treatment demonstration (CPTD) was randomized controlled trial and women in the intervention group had significant higher odds up to date on mammography screening at the end of the follow up period as compared to women in the control group. The intervention was stronger for women who were not up to date with mammography screening at enrollment. The research suggested that the intervention should be channeled to women who are not up to date with mammography screening at enrollment. Lack of mammography screening and later diagnosis has been found as key contributors of the healthcare disparities and there is need for intervention that addresses racial and ethnic screening disparities.
Thomson, Z. O., & Reeves, M. M. (2017). Can weight gain be prevented in women receiving treatment for breast cancer? A systematic review of intervention studies. Obesity reviews, 18(11), 1364-1373. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/obr.12591
Thomson & Reeves, (2017) article about whether women receiving breast cancer treatments can gain weight. Based on the article obesity and weight gain have been associated with poor disease specific and health related outcomes in women with breast cancer. The trial based on dietary intervention with or without physical activity with a focus on weight gain prevention during treatment for breast cancer was reviewed. The results of the five comparisons with control group, two reported significant difference in weight change between group and ongoing trial will still provide evidence on long term outcomes, cost effectiveness and blood markers. In conclusion, authors found that weight gain can be prevented in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. This article is important because it shows cost benefit of the cancer treatment and prevention in preventing other illness. For example, in the process of chemotherapy, women are not able to add weight which means that there is no likelihood of adding weight.
