Review strategies, successes, and failures related to IT in at least 9 different firms. Synthesize this knowledge into a concise “problem statement,” which begins with the phrase “An unsolved problem

AB – Week 5

Part 1-

One of the concepts that we'll discuss this week is an "honest signal". Honest signals convey accurate information about the sender's quality. These signals are honest because they cannot be faked. A classic example of an honest signal is the peacock's tail feathers. https://www.scientificamerican.com/video/shaking-your-tail-feathers-takes-physics/

Only a strong and healthy male can produce a fabulous display, so female peacocks can rely on this signal when selecting a mate. Similarly, an antelope that jumps 10 feet into the air is an agile antelope, and a cheetah can rely on this signal when selecting prey. In humans, honest signals would be characteristics (or possessions) that relay generally accurate information about the sender's fertility, wealth, power etc.
For this weeks forum, discuss an honest signal that humans use (describe the signal, explain it's meaning, discuss why it's honest)
Three things to keep in mind:
(1) Intentions are irrelevant. In this class, we are interested in actions, not intentions. When you consider honest signals in humans, you don't need to limit yourself to intentional signals.
(2) The key characteristic of honest signals is that they can't easily be faked. (Before you suggest a particular aspect of body language as an honest signal, consider whether it can be faked.)
(3) You can use signals that were reliable over much of human history as well as signals that are new.

As an example of a previously reliable signal, consider white teeth. White teeth used to be an honest signal of youth and health, and we are attracted to youth because it is correlated with fertility and we are attracted to health because it is correlated with good genes and a lack of contagious diseases. Of course, nowadays we can whiten our teeth, so this is no longer an honest signal, but we still find white teeth attractive. You can use an example like this if you can explain why it used to be an honest signal.
As an example of a currently reliable signal, consider owning a Porsche. Only the very wealthy can afford them, so a Porsche is a pretty reliable signal that the owner has resources.

Use your own words and no other source, just those information to write a forum. Around 250 words

Part 2 – Use those information and answer the question

As we discussed, animal communication often involves honest signals that cannot be faked. Only a strong, healthy peacock can put on an impressive display, and so females who use these displays to select a mate are likely getting a "high quality" male. (Male peacocks don't help raise their young, so females are only looking for good genes and good health. Good genes will benefit her offspring, good health will make it less likely she'll contract a disease from her mate.) The males of many animal species attempt to impress females with feats of athleticism that also serve as honest signals of good genes and health. Here's another example.

https://www.smithsonianchannel.com/videos/why-is-this-lizard-doing-push-ups/50029

What honest signal do male draco lizards use to attract females?

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A : they pull on her tail

B : they run circles around her

C : they do push-ups

Some prey species send signals to ambush predators to indicate that they've been spotted. Here's an example.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qr5Sru8gGSk

Scientists have long puzzled over the behavior shown in this video. The currently accepted explanation is not given in the video: It is to demonstrate to predators that the animal is agile and strong (and so difficult to catch). The behavior is called "stotting" or "pronking" and it consists of
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A : running backwards

B : jumping high

C : balancing briefly on one leg

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Another use of honest signals is to allow rival males to avoid damaging combat. Males use a variety of signals including the size of their weapons (antlers, horns) and the deepness of their voice (which is proportional to size in animals like some frogs). If a male is able to determine from these signals that he is significantly weaker and unlikely to win a competition, he will avoid a confrontation. Males may also use honest signals to demonstrate their determination to win, and this can discourage males who are weak or simply less motivated. Here's an example. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=psnvOqtRmzI

3. The winning mantis shrimp is the one who

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A : hits the hardest

B : hits in the most strategic location

C : hits the most often

Communication that involves honest signals is common because it benefits both the receiver and the sender. If it didn't provide a benefit for both, then natural selection would favor opting out of the communication. Often there are advantages and disadvantages to a behavior, and the optimal balance may change over time, as this video demonstrates. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NeCmSL_N65A

4. According to this video, what is the message that the moth communicates to the bat?

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A : I taste bad

B : I've detected you

C : I'm another bat

5. In this video "coevolution" refers to

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A : the simultaneous evolution of bitter taste and ultrasound

B : the separate evolution of moths and butterflies.

C : the "arms race" between bats and moths

If you're interested, here's more on the coevolution of moths and bats. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irkYP8vxVzE

Here are some more examples of dishonest signals: fireflies, glow worms, orchids . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpywSqvXDqc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLb0iuTVzW0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WnNvkGEdofQ

Just like the moth and bat example, natural selection favors animals that ignore these dishonest signals.
Let's wrap up this lesson with a great example of animal deceit.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8c7NEf6qFlc

6.what did the lying monkey do?

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A : He hid the mango of the dominant male

B : He pretended to be hurt by a subordinate female

C : He gave the snake alarm call when there was no snake

7. The moth/bat video introduced the concept of Batesian mimics. A Batesian mimic species copies the honest signal of another species, called the model. For example, one butterfly species that is not poisonous may mimic the coloration of another butterfly species that is. When birds taste the poisonous model they will learn to avoid it, and they will also avoid the mimic. How does the mimic species affect the fitness of the model species? What will happen if the mimic species is more numerous than the model species?

Part 3 – write a forum around 200-250 words

Animals use variety of sensory "channels" to communicate, including the visual channel, the auditory channel, the tactile (touch) channel, and the odor channel. What are advantages/disadvantages of each channel? That is, explain why a particular channel would be more advantageous in a particular situation. (Consider things like how far a signal travels, what might obstruct it, how long the signal lasts, how private it is, how it is affected by time of day. There are at least a dozen such factors to consider. Discuss the circumstances that would make one channel better than another.)
Note: The background material might give you some ideas, but I think you can answer this question just by thinking about it.
Remember: Your task is to come up with one new idea, ideally with an example. Don't write an essay that attempts to cover everything because that will make it difficult for your classmates to come up with something new.

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