BELOVED DOG company file Canada and its comparison in US AND CANADA COUNTRY need the below information to be written 1.5 page Introduction ( about Canada country ) Company Backg

45291CA Warehouse Clubs & Supercentres in Canada This industry sells pet-related merchandise, including food, toys, shelters and grooming products.

45391CA Pet Stores in Canada This industry includes stores that sell pet-related merchandise, including food, toys, shelters and grooming products.

54194CA Veterinary Services in Canada This industry comprises vet hospitals and clinics. Industry Definition Main Activities Similar Industries Additional Resources About this Industry For additional information on this industry www.ipgicmg.com International Professional Groomers Inc.

www.petbusiness.com Pet Business www.pijaccanada.com Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council of Canada The major products and services in this industry are Boarding Grooming Merchandise Training Other services Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 3 % change 4 -1 0 1 2 3 23 11 1315171921 Year Per capita disposa\lble inco\fe SOURCE: IBIS\fORLD 4-102357 16 0 4 \b 12 23 9 11 1315171921 Year Revenue \b\fploy\fent Revenue vs. e\fploy\fen\lt growth Products and services se\.gmentation (2017) 36.\f%Boarding 31.\b%Grooming 2\f.6%Other services 8.1%Training 3.4%Merchandise SOURCE: IBISWORLD Key Statistics Snapshot Industry at a Glance Pet Grooming & Boarding in 2017 Industry Structure Life Cycle Stage Growth Revenue Volatility Medium Capital Intensity Low Industry Assistance Low Concentration Level Low Regulation Level Light Technology Change Low Barriers to Entry Low Industry Globalization Low Competition Level High Revenue $544.8m Profit $117.1m Wages $175.1m Businesses 3,813 Annual Growth 17-22 2.6% Annual Growth 12-17 6.9% Key External Drivers Per capita disposable income Population International trips by Canadian residents Price of electric power Market Share There are no major players in this industry p. 22 p. 4 FOR ADDITIONAL STATISTICS AND TIME SERIES SEE THE APPENDIX ON PAGE 26 Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 4 Key External Drivers Per capita disposable income Although the pet services industry has proven to be virtually immune to downturns in the economy, industry revenue is bolstered by rising per capita disposable income. When disposable income rises, consumers are more likely to purchase luxury services for their pets.

Furthermore, a rise in consumer income allows for more international travel, which in turn creates a greater need for pet-boarding facilities. Per capita disposable income is expected to rise in 2017, representing a potential opportunity for this industry.

Population A rising population is positively correlated with demand for industry services. About 32.0% of Canadians own a cat, and about 34.0% own a dog, according to the Canadian Animal Health Institute. Pet-ownership tends to rise with the population, which increases Executive Summary The Pet Grooming and Boarding industry has grown considerably over the past decade thanks to rising per capita disposable income and changing consumer preferences regarding pet care, which have accelerated demand growth for price-premium pet services. Over the five years to 2017, IBISWorld estimates that industry revenue has grown at an annualized rate of 6.9% to $544.8 million, including a 2.3% increase in revenue for the year. Several trends have driven industry performance. In particular, strong growth in the rate of pet ownership has led to a significant increase in demand for industry goods and services. In addition, pet owners, in particular, pet “parents” who have begun to treat their pets as members of the family, have been increasingly demanding a greater range of high-value services for their pets. In response to this, companies in the industry have begun to offer a greater number of high-end services; pet groomers are increasingly providing luxuries, such as pet massages and travelling to consumers’ homes to perform grooming services. Pet boarders have also introduced deluxe hotel suites equipped with TVs, music, training services and wading pools, among other amenities. As a result, the average price for pet boarding has risen significantly over the past five years, further contributing to growth in industry revenue and helping industry operators maintain strong profit margins. The outlook for the next five years remains bright for the industry. Over the five years to 2022, industry revenue is forecast to grow at an annualized rate of 2.6% to reach $620.1 million, as pet owners continue to humanize their furry friends and splurge on high-end pet grooming and boarding services. The growing Canadian population and increasing per capita disposable income will bolster this trend, providing consumers with the financial means to purchase a pet and treat them to high- price services. In addition, higher levels of international travel among Canadian citizens will bolster the need for pet boarding services, the largest industry product category. Industry competition, however, is expected to intensify; for example, at-home grooming products will continue to siphon price-conscious consumers away from the industry, and growing competition will constrain revenue growth for existing pet grooming companies. Industry Performance Executive Summary | Key External Drivers | Current Performance Industry Outlook | Life Cycle Stage Pet groomers are providing more luxuries, such as pet massages and at-home grooming Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 5 Key External Drivers continued demand for pet boarding, training and grooming. Canada’s population is expected to increase in 2017.

International trips by Canadian residents When pet owners travel, demand rises for pet boarding services. Consequently, demand for industry services is positively correlated with the number of international trips taken by Canadian residents. During 2017, the number of international trips by Canadian residents is expected to increase. Price of electric power Companies in the Pet Grooming and Boarding industry use electricity for grooming items, such as blow dryers and, more specifically, to light grooming, boarding and training facilities. Utilities account for less than 10.0% of industry costs; however, as a cost for the industry, an increase in the price of electricity will likely cause profit margins to decrease.

The price of electric power is forecast to increase in 2017, representing a potential threat to the industry.

Million people 39 33 34 35 36 37 3823 9 11 1315171921 Year Population SOURCE: IBIS\fORLD % change 4 -1 \b 1 2 3 23 11 1315171921 Year Per capita di\fpo\fabl\de income Industry Performance Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 6 Current Performance The Pet Grooming and Boarding industry has continued to fetch a greater share of consumer spending, as owners pamper their pets with premium services. The industry provides services such as pet grooming, boarding, training and dog- walking. Bolstered by rising consumer confidence and levels of disposable income, revenue is expected to rise at an annualized rate of 6.9% over the five years to 2017. This growth is partially underpinned by changing consumer attitudes toward pets; many owners are treating their pets like family members and are spending money on luxury pet services, such as pet massages. In line with industry trends, revenue is anticipated to rise 2.3% over 2017, as Canadian consumers spend an estimated $544.8 million on industry services. % change 150 3 6 9 12 23 9 11 1315171921 Year Industry revenue SOURCE: IBISWOR\fD Rising pet ownership One of the key drivers of demand for industry goods and services is the level of pet-ownership across the country, as a larger number of pets will translate directly into increased demand for industry goods and services. For example, rising numbers of pets will increase demand for pet training as owners seek to establish bonds and instill habits in their new animals. In addition, larger numbers of animals will necessarily lead to increase demand for grooming, boarding, and various products and other services. During the last five years, solid economic growth alongside rising consumer confidence has prompted an increasing number of households to adopt pets. According to a 2017 report by the Canadian Animal Health Institute, cat and dog ownership in Canada has risen during the reporting period, and between 2014 and 2016 (the only available data), the number of household cats grew 25.7% to 8.8 million, while the number of household dogs grew 18.8% to 7.6 million. Overall, cat and pet ownership combined is estimated to have risen 10.0% over the last decade, although the majority of that growth has taken place in the last several years. This growth has been fundamental to the sharply rising demand for industry goods and services. Changing consumer attitudes Alongside significant growth in the number of household pets, consumers have also increasingly begun to treat pets as they would children, with the term “pet parent” coined to describe such enthusiasts. This development towards treating pets as family members and humanizing them has prompted a strong increase in demand for premium pet products and services. In particular, the industry has begun to offer a greater array of luxury services for pets, as many operators have begun developing products with the intention of catering to more affluent consumers. The rise of pet-boarding facilities and pet Industry Performance Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 7 Industry structure and competition In response to strong consumer demand for industry services, there has been consistently strong growth in the number of industry operators during the five-year period. Over the five years to 2017, IBISWorld estimates that the number of industry operators will rise at an annualized rate of 6.8%, totalling 3,813 companies. Similarly, industry employment has been on the rise, as the number of industry workers has increased at an annualized rate of 7.3% to 6,438 employees. Strong growth in enterprise and employment figures has been facilitated by online platforms, such as DogVacay.com, that allow people to offer pet boarding and related services from their home as a source of side income, and emblematic of this trend is the fact that the number of sole proprietors have grown at a faster rate than businesses with employees. The industry’s low barriers to entry allow for new operators to easily enter the industry, which has contributed to enterprise, establishment, employment and wage growth over the five-year period. However, as the industry has become more saturated, competition has increased, forcing operators to more heavily compete with one another on the basis of price, location and skill.

Despite an increasingly saturated marketplace, profit levels have actually grown since 2012, likely as a result of shifts towards more expensive value- added goods and services. Certain segments of the industry have also dealt with high levels of external competition over the five years to 2017.

For example, veterinarians and pet stores have taken to offering grooming or boarding services as an extra source of income, directly competing with operators. Further, during the economic recession, when per capita disposable income and consumer confidence were low, many retailers such as Walmart began to stock at-home grooming products that allow pet owners to groom their own animals. These products cost less than hiring a professional groomer, which attracted consumers when the economy was weak. Although the economic landscape has since improved, many pet owners adapted to these at-home grooming products during the recessionary period and have opted to continue grooming their own pets. The sale of these products has somewhat pressured revenue gains over the five- year period.

The industry’s low barriers to entry allow for new operators to easily enter the industry hotels (formerly referred to as kennels) highlights this trend. Some pet boarders offer dog suites and kitty condos equipped with TV sets tuned to animal shows, lambskin blankets, special ventilation systems, extra playtime, wading pools and even aromatherapy.

Another popular service pet boarder’s offer is allowing owners to see their pets with a webcam while they are away.

Additionally, to avoid the seasonal nature of pet-boarding demand, many boarders have begun offering new services, including grooming, training and dog daycare, to stabilize revenue throughout the year. Changing consumer attitudes continued Industry Performance Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 8 Demand conditions Over the next five years, rising per capita disposable income and high pet ownership will be integral to industry performance.

Per capita disposable income is forecast to rise at an annualized rate of 3.0%, as unemployment falls and the economy continues to grow. As a result, consumers will be able to continue purchases of higher-value goods and services. High levels of pet ownership will also benefit the industry. As the economy grows over the five years to 2022, more consumers will have the financial means to purchase a pet, which can be a significant investment. Companion animals, such as cats and dogs, are becoming more popular for single professionals, empty nesters and young couples. Such demographics are expected to account for the majority of pet ownership growth over the next five years. Moreover, busy professionals are time-strapped and highly likely to use dog boarding and grooming services. Canada’s population is expected to rise at an annualized rate of 0.9% over the next five years, faster than other industrialized nations. With brighter employment prospects and higher incomes, more consumers will be able to afford to live on their own, resulting in accelerated household growth. The rising population will likely increase demand for pets, particularly because companion animals are popular with single-person households. In addition, the number of international trips taken by Canadian citizens is forecast to rise 4.1% over the five years to 2022. Pet boarding is the industry’s largest product category and it is to a large extent dependent on domestic and international trips taken by Canadians, as they will often send their pets to industry operators to house them while they are away. Industry Outlook Over the five years to 2022 the Pet Grooming and Boarding industry is expected to continue to grow, albeit at a slightly slower rate than during the previous period, with continued growth in pet ownership and demand for industry services being counteracted slightly by an increasingly competitive marketplace. Overall, IBISWorld forecasts revenue to rise at an annualized rate of 2.6%, reaching an estimated $620.1 million. Notably, this burgeoning industry has benefited from changing consumer attitudes, which have increased demand for a variety of new luxury services for pets. Over the next five years, this trend is expected to persist as pet owners increasingly purchase an array of high-value services for their pets.

Growth will primarily be driven by rising per capita disposable income and increased pet ownership Pet parents on the rise The term “pet parents” was recently coined to describe enthusiasts who view pets as members of the family. Pet parents are more likely to purchase a greater number of high-value services and products, supporting industry revenue growth. Changing consumer attitudes have resulted in rising demand for pet hotels, which offer luxury accommodations, and pet groomers, which offer deluxe grooming treatments for both cats and dogs. Demand for these Industry Performance Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 9 Persistently high profit margins Profit margins are projected to remain high but fall slightly over the next five years. Individuals offering boarding services from their home incur minimal overhead costs relative to specialized kennels and other facilities, while increasing per capita disposable income will also bolster profit because consumers will purchase a greater number of luxury services that typically have higher profit margins. However, a forecast rise in energy costs will cut into profit margins, and given the significant number of operators that are entering the space, it is likely that price competition will rise, putting downward pressure on margins. In addition, in recent years Walmart has been expanding its pet care section and testing grooming stations in some of its US stores under the name Pet Care Specialists. Pet Care Specialists offer a full range of grooming treatments, including bathing and brushing, haircuts and styling, ear cleaning and nail trimming. Although Walmart has yet to bring these grooming establishments to Canada, the potential expansion represents a threat to industry demand.

Furthermore, the at-home grooming products that Walmart sells represent an additional threat to the industry, as the industry loses revenue from consumers who opt to use these products in lieu of visiting a groomer. These external sources are expected to provide increased competition over the five years to 2022. services is forecast to rise over the next five years, fuelling revenue growth. As a result of burgeoning demand, the number of companies operating in the industry is projected to expand. Over the next five years, the number of industry enterprises is expected to rise at an annualized rate of 5.9% to 5,071 companies by 2022. Given the industry’s labour-intensive nature, industry employment will experience significant growth as well, rising at an annualized rate of 4.5% to reach 8,009 employees by 2022. Much of this growth will come in the form of nonemployer sole proprietors that leverage sites such as DogVacay.com, which is expected to keep the number of employees per establishment between one and two during the period. Pet parents on the rise continued At-home grooming products represent an additional threat to the industry Industry Performance Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 10 The number of industry entrants is increasing rapidly Changing consumer attitudes have spurred consumer spending on industry services Industry value added is rising faster than the overall economy Life Cycle Stage SOURCE: WWW.IBISWORLD.COM 20 15 105 0 -5 -10 % Growth in share of economy % Growth in number of establishments -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 Decline Shrinking economic importance Quality Growth High growth in economic importance; weaker companies close down; developed technology and markets Maturity Company consolidation; level of economic importance stable Quantity Growth Many new companies; minor growth in economic importance; substantial technology change Key Features of a Growth Industry Revenue grows faster than the economy Many new companies enter the market Rapid technology & process change Growing customer acceptance of product Rapid introduction of products & brands Supermarkets & Grocery Stores Animal Food Production Warehouse Clubs & Supercentres Soap & Cleaning Compound Manufacturing Pet Stores Pet Grooming & Boarding Industry Performance Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 11 Industry Life Cycle The Pet Grooming and Boarding industry is in the growth phase of its industry life cycle. Over the 10 years to 2022, IBISWorld estimates that industry value added (IVA), which measures the industry’s contribution to the overall economy, will grow at an annualized rate of 6.6%. During the same 10-year period, Canadian GDP is expected to grow at an annualized rate of 1.9%. IVA growth that is more rapid than GDP is generally indicative of an industry in the growth stage of its life cycle. Over the past decade, Canadian pet ownership rates have been high, and pet ownership has risen among empty nesters, single professionals and couples who have delayed having children. Changing consumer attitudes toward their pets has also stimulated industry growth. Pets are increasingly indulged with luxury goods and services, with owners purchasing animal couture, massages, organic premium foods and luxury suites for their pets. To articulate this trend, the term “pet parent” has been used to describe pet owners who increasingly treat their pets as members of their family. To capitalize on these changing consumer attitudes, industry operators have begun to introduce an array of luxury services for pets. For instance, operators who own pet-boarding facilities have introduced a greater number of services for pets, including TV sets tuned to animal shows, lambskin blankets, extra playtime and swimming pools. Additionally, many pet hotels now have web cameras installed so that owners can see their pet through the company’s website.

Moreover, because some pets may be too nervous or elderly to be transported to grooming establishments, some companies have begun providing mobile grooming operations. Company vans come to the pet owner’s home equipped with an interior grooming station. These changes to the service offerings of industry operators is a key indicator of the industry’s status as a growing part of the economy. Additional indicators of this life cycle stage include a rising number of industry operators, establishments and employment. This industry is Growing Industry Performance Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 12 Products & Services Boarding In 2017, IBISWorld estimates that pet boarding accounts for 36.0% of industry revenue. Pet boarding entails providing overnight care for animals, typically including accommodation, food, exercise and, often, play time. This segment does not include overnight care that pets may receive during medical treatment. Over the past five years, animal boarding has increasingly diversified, with companies greatly expanding their selection of services. Although standard kennels are still common, a variety of luxury pet boarding establishments have cropped up that offer tiered accommodations.

For example, pet owners have the option of purchasing grooming and training services for their pets. Additionally, some companies offer TVs that play pet-themed shows, wading pools, daily play sessions, aromatherapy and classical music. Further, some pet boarders install cameras in pets’ luxury suites so that pet owners can check in on their pet while they are away.

Conversely, pet sitters that look after animals in the owners’ homes are also included in this industry; this faction of the service segment offers low-priced pet sitting that typically includes one to three visits per day or overnight stays.

Despite these increased options, this segments share of revenue has likely fallen in recent years thanks to an overall decrease in international travel. Products & Markets Supply Chain | Products & Services | Demand Determinants Major Markets | International Trade | Business Locations KEY BUYING INDUSTRIES 9901CA Consumers in Canada Consumers purchase the services of this industry. KEY SELLING INDUSTRIES 31111CA Animal Food Production in Canada Pet boarding houses must purchase food from the Animal Food Production industry to feed their visitors. 32561CA Soap & Cleaning Compound Manufacturing in Canada Pet groomers must purchase bathing products from this industry to use on clients’ cats, dogs and other animals. Supply Chain Products and services se\$gmentation (2017) Total $\f44.8m \b6.0%Boarding \b1.9%Grooming 20.6%Other services 8.1%Training \b.4%Merchandise SOURCE: IBISWORLD Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 13 Demand Determinants Determining factors for the success of this industry include per capita disposable income, the Canadian population, external competition levels and the number of international trips by residents. Pet ownership is the primary determinant of demand, and the Canadian population’s growth provides a useful proxy to measure this, as the Canadian government does not track year-by-year pet ownership rates. As the population rises, so should the demand for pets kept in Canada. As pet ownership rises, demand for additional care services for household pets will also increase. The main pets that are owned by Canadians are cats, dogs, fish, small mammals, birds and reptiles. Demand is also related to household income, alongside the size of the home and ages of the children in a given family.

Households with higher incomes are able to spend more on discretionary services and have been the primary customers for luxury pet services. For pet boarding services, specifically, demand generally relates to the number of international trips taken by Canadian residents. As the number of international trips increases, so does demand for boarding services. To a slightly lesser Products & Services continued Grooming Grooming is the second-largest source of industry revenue, accounting for an estimated 31.9% of total industry demand. Animal grooming includes cutting and shaving hair; trimming nails; and cleaning hair, ears and teeth. Some pet groomers have also begun offering a greater variety of luxury services, including massages, flea and tick removal and undercoat removal to decrease shedding. Furthermore, many pet groomers now offer mobile services so that groomers can come to the pet’s home to perform the grooming. This especially appeals to households that own elderly or nervous pets. The animal-grooming segment’s share of revenue has increased during the past five years due to rising external competition from grocery stores and department stores offering in-home, do-it-yourself grooming products. This rise is mainly due to increased average prices for grooming, partly due to its greater selection of luxury services.

Training Pet training covers general obedience classes for puppies as well as group and private lessons for more advanced obedience classes. Pet training also includes providing lessons for guard dogs and guide dogs, as well as training animals to race. Pet training has begun to be offered in conjunction with other services such as pet boarding and day care. In 2017, IBISWorld estimates that pet training accounts for 8.1% of industry revenue, with sales growing in line with the rest of the industry over the past five years.

Other services Other pet care services provided by the industry include pet sitting, dog walking, animal adoption, animal identification and marking services. These other pet services are estimated to account for 19.1% of industry revenue. Industry operators will also typically sell pet- related merchandise to pet owners at their operating establishment. This includes animal treats, collars, leashes, clothing, shampoos, food and other products. Merchandise sales are estimated to account for 3.4% of industry revenue in 2017. In addition, industry operators sometimes provide limited veterinary services, which are expected to account for 1.5% of industry revenue.

Products & Markets Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 14 Major Markets Lowest and second income quintile The lowest and second income quintiles are expected to account for 7.2% and 15.1% of industry revenue, respectively. Consumers in these income quintiles are less likely to own a pet that requires industry services due to the high costs associated with owning a cat or dog. Moreover, the low levels of disposable income associated with these income quintiles discourages travel, which decreases the need for pet boarding. Lastly, these income quintiles are most like to choose to groom and train their own pets, as a means of saving money and as a result are less likely to require these industry services.

Over the five years to 2017, IBISWorld estimates that the lowest quintile has contracted its share of industry service while the second quintile has risen slightly, with the net result being that their combined demand overall has not changed. Many industry operators have begun to offer more value-added services to capture consumer dollars from high-earning quintiles, focusing less on these income quintiles.

Third and fourth income quintile The third and fourth income quintiles are anticipated to comprise 17.5% and 22.7% of industry revenue, respectively. Such consumers benefit from higher disposable income, leading to strong demand for industry services. Both income quintiles have fallen slightly as a share of industry revenue, likely due to rising demand from other quintiles rather than any flagging demand on their part.

Highest income quintile Consumers in the highest income quintile are estimated to account for 37.5% of industry revenue. Consumers in this Demand Determinants continued extent, the number of domestic trips by Canadian citizens will also affect demand.

International travel is not the sole impetus for seeking boarding services; other reasons for boarding a pet include relocation of households, households having guests who do not like pets or are allergic to animals, an owner’s illness that hinders proper pet care and home renovation or fumigation. There is also seasonal influence on demand for some service segments.

Operators that perform grooming services typically experience greater demand in the warmer months, particularly for coat clipping and bathing. Major market segmentation (2017) Total $544\f8m 37\f5\b Highest income qui\4ntile 22\f7\b Fourth income quintile 17\f5\b Third income quintile 15\f1\b Second income quin\4tile 7\f2\b Lowest income quintile SOURCE: IBISWORLD Products & Markets Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 15 International Trade The Pet Grooming and Boarding industry is a service industry, which means that it only provides domestic services for pets located within Canada.

As a result, there is no international trade within this industry. Major Markets continued income quintile benefit from high disposable income levels and are consequently able to purchase more price-premium services for their pets.

Moreover, this income quintile can afford to travel more frequently, boosting demand for pet boarding services. IBISWorld estimates that this wealthy cohort has risen as a share of revenue over the five years to 2017, likely because many operators have been diversifying the higher-end range of services in recent years in an attempt to boost revenue from more affluent customers.

Products & Markets Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 16 Business Locations 2017 NORTHERN TERRITORIES 0.2 BC19.8 AB16.2 SK2.9 MB2.7 QC12.6 NS2.9 PE0.5 NB1.5 NL1.4 Establishments (%) Less than 5% 5% to less than 20% 20% to less than 40% 40% or more SOURCE: IBISWORLD ON39.3 Products & Markets YT NT NU Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 17 Business Locations Industry location is based primarily on the number of households in each region, as well as the median income level of households. Since the industry supplies a variety of luxury services for pets, establishments are disproportionately located in higher-income areas. Pet grooming and boarding businesses are mostly found in or near large cities where the population tends to be higher and the need more concentrated. As a result, the highest proportion of establishments is in Ontario, at 39.3% of industry locations. Ontario is home to Toronto, Canada’s largest city, which increases the province’s share of establishments. British Columbia, home to Vancouver, hosts 19.8% of industry establishments, while Alberta, home to Edmonton, contains another 16.2% of establishments. Quebec, meanwhile, ranks fourth, with 12.6% of establishments. The metropolitan city of Montreal is in the Quebec province. % 400 10 20 30 Saskatchewan Alberta \fritish C\blumbia Manit\bba New \frunswick Newf\bundland NW Territ\bries N\bva Sc\btia Ontari\b Prince Edward Island\r Quebec Establishments Population Distribution o\f esta\ blishments vs. popul\ ation SOURCE: I\fISWORLD Products & Markets Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 18 Cost Structure Benchmarks Profit In 2017, profit for the Pet Grooming and Boarding industry, measured as earnings before interest and tax, is expected to total 21.5% of revenue.

Profit margins have improved over the past five years, as despite due to an increase in value-added offerings; furthermore, consumers have shown an increasing willingness to spend money on their pets, particularly on luxury or high-margin services, which has helped boost margins.

Wages Similar to all personal services industries, there is a relatively high level of direct labour in this industry. Therefore, wages are the largest expense for industry operators. In 2017, wages are expected to account for 32.1% of industry revenue. Quite often, experienced groomers are paid on a commission basis, which can usually account for 50.0% of fees paid by clients. Labour intensity can vary based on the activity being performed, with kennel operators and trainers that work to train and handle pets requiring a higher level of labour input.

Purchases Purchases in this industry include supplies such as shampoos, pet food, drugs and medicines. Purchasing costs vary depending on the size of the operator; however, for the majority of the industry, purchasing costs are high, as smaller operators are unable to get discounts associated with large-volume orders. Overall, purchases are estimated to account for 11.7% of revenue. Key Success Factors Receiving the benefit of word of mouth recommendations Businesses that maximize customer satisfaction are more likely to gain favourable word of mouth recommendations, which are highly important for gaining new customers.

Access to multiskilled and flexible workforce Access to appropriately trained and flexible staff who can perform a variety of tasks and services (e.g. grooming, kennel and support staff ) is beneficial, particularly in terms of lowering labour costs. Proximity to key markets Being situated in close proximity to households with a high degree of pet ownership, particularly dogs and cats, will benefit industry players by ensuring consistent demand for services.

Effective quality control Ensuring that grooming and other pet care services are provided to the agreed standards for particular breeds is a key success factor for participants.

This will ensure many repeat visits by customers, as well as good word of mouth recommendations. Market Share Concentration The Pet Grooming and Boarding industry is highly fragmented and has a low level of market share concentration. The majority of companies operating in the industry are nonemployers and those that do have employees tend to have only one or two full-time workers. This is exacerbated by the fact that pet owners tend to board and have their dogs groomed at facilities within their immediate geographic vicinity, which encourages small, fragmented establishments. Competitive Landscape Market Share Concentration | Key Success Factors | Cost Structure Benchmarks Basis of Competition | Barriers to Entry | Industry Globalization Level Concentration in this industry is Low IBISWorld identifies 250 Key Success Factors for a business. The most important for this industry are: Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 19 Basis of Competition Industry competition is high and increasing, given the numerous small companies operating in the industry.

Furthermore, the number of companies has been continually growing in response to rising demand.

In addition to internal competition, operators face a degree of external competition from pet stores, veterinary clinics and retailers that sell at-home grooming products.

Internal competition Competition with other industry groomers, trainers and boarders is based mainly on location, price, quality of service and customer loyalty. Industry operators hold a significant competitive Cost Structure Benchmarks continued Rent and Utilities Utilities and rental payments are estimated to account for a combined 11.0% of industry revenue. This is one of the more significant costs associated with the industry, as many industry operators, particularly those that board animals, have to acquire large facilities in which to do so. Utilities has fallen as a share of revenue in recent years thanks to falling electricity prices. Other Advertising, promotional costs, insurance, legal fees and other administrative and overhead costs are among the expenses that account for the remaining share of revenue. Advertising and promotional costs have fallen over the past five years to 2.2% of revenue. Meanwhile, depreciation has risen to an estimated 3.2%, which includes equipment for grooming and kennel activities. Sector vs. Industry Costs n P r o fi t n Wages n Purchases n Depreciation n Marketing n Rent & Utilities n Other Average Costs of all Industries in sector (2017) Industry Costs (2017) 0 20 40 60 Percentage of revenue 80 10 0 SOURCE: IBISWORLD 8.9 21.5 18.3 11.0 2.2 3.2 11.7 32.1 18.8 8.5 1.4 2.2 31.7 28.5 Level & Trend Competition in this industry is High and the trend is Increasing Competitive Landscape Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 20 Barriers to Entry The industry’s barriers to entry are low since there are no formal industry licensing or training requirements and the costs of establishing an at-home or mobile service are relatively low.

However, some training is encouraged for becoming an animal groomer.

Training typically lasts about four months. There are roughly 87 individual breeds of dogs alone, many of which require specialized grooming. The industry is in the growth stage of its economic life cycle. Therefore, companies are still entering the industry due to rising demand from pet owners for a greater array of luxury services for their pets. Competition is high and increasing within the industry, as there are a significant number of operators, most of which operate small companies with only one or two employees. Start-up costs vary depending on the scale of operations. Groomers and pet trainers may not need a physical establishment and can instead visit consumers’ homes. However, the majority of industry operators will need to secure an operational facility, even if it is a simple mobile van. Pet grooming establishments will need to purchase shampoos, brushes and hoses. Pet boarders will also need supplies such as pet food, leashes, collars, medicines and toys. Labour is another important requirement for entering the industry. Although the number and type of employee varies depending on the type of operation, typical employees include groomers, trainers and kennel attendants. Basis of Competition continued advantage if their establishment is in a highly visible location with easy access for customers. The majority of consumers choose groomers, trainers and boarders who are within their direct geographic vicinity. Price is another significant source of competition. Although the price of pet care services has been rising as consumers increasingly purchase more luxury services, establishments can also capture a wider share of the market by providing a variety of lower-cost goods and services. Also of high importance is the level of specialized knowledge of a company’s employees, as employees with a greater understanding of the needs of different animals and breeds will be able to greater satisfy a wider range of clients. For boarding kennels, competition is typically related to the general appearance of the establishment (clean and hygienic), whether it is secure enough to prevent escape of pets from cages, safety and the presence of solid dividers between cages to prevent intrusions by other animals.

The availability of exercise areas is also important, along with supervision, feeding procedures (e.g. food types/brands) and access to veterinary and other requested services, such as grooming.

External competition The industry is exposed to external competition from pet stores and veterinary hospitals and clinics that offer pet grooming and boarding services.

Additionally, the industry faces external competition from the sale of at-home grooming products from retailers; consumers with lower levels of disposable income are more likely to groom their pets themselves.

Barriers to Entry checklist Competition High Concentration Low Life Cycle Stage Growth Capital Intensity Low Technology Change Low Regulation & Policy Light Industry Assistance Low SOURCE: IBISWORLD Level & Trend Barriers to Entry in this industry are Low and Steady Competitive Landscape Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 21 Industry Globalization The Pet Grooming and Boarding industry has a low level of globalization.

There is no international trade in this service-based industry and industry operators typically serve their respective regions. Barriers to Entry continued Companies will also typically have management and administrative employees. Licensing requirements are an added expense of time and money. In the majority of provinces, a business licence is required to operate a pet grooming, kennel or related service. Boarding kennels are restricted in residential areas, due to noise factors. They are subject to provincial and local government regulations concerning animal care, hygiene, safety, security and noise control regulations. Level & Trend Globalization in this industry is Low and the trend is Steady Competitive Landscape Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 22 Other Companies This industry is composed of owner- operator enterprises, with very few companies operating more than one establishment. Online startups, such as Rover.com and DogVacay.com, have facilitated notable nonemployer growth by providing a platform for operators looking to provide pet care from their home. Both companies aim to pair travellers with independent pet sitters for a fee, allowing people to generate side income from home without the extensive outreach traditionally associated with such endeavours. Major Companies There are no Major Players in this industry | Other Companies Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 23 Capital Intensity The Pet Grooming and Boarding in Canada industry has a low level of capital intensity.

In 2017, for every $1.00 spent on labour, the industry will invest $0.10 in capital. Capital intensity has risen marginally over the five-year period since industry practices have not changed significantly over this time. The majority of training, boarding and grooming operations are labour-intensive rather than capital-intensive, as employees are needed for exercising, feeding, cleaning and grooming pets. Operators also rely on store staff for customer service roles and arranging merchandise. Although there is a low degree of capital intensity, industry operators must invest in buildings or, increasingly, vehicles in which to operate; if they operate dog-grooming operations, they must purchase dryers, tables, tubs, faucets, floor grills and trays and often ramps for pets. Additionally, pet- Operating Conditions Capital Intensity | Technology & Systems | Revenue Volatility Regulation & Policy | Industry Assistance Tools of the Trade: Growth Strategies for Success SOURCE: IBISWORLD Labour Intensive Capital Intensive Change in Share of the Economy New Age Economy Recreation, Personal Services, Health and Education. Firms benefi t from personal wealth so stable macroeconomic conditions are imperative. Brand awareness and niche labour skills are key to product differentiation. Traditional Service Economy Wholesale and Retail. Reliant on labour rather than capital to sell goods. Functions cannot be outsourced therefore fi rms must use new technology or improve staff training to increase revenue growth. Old Economy Agriculture and Manufacturing.

Traded goods can be produced using cheap labour abroad.

To expand fi rms must merge or acquire others to exploit economies of scale, or specialize in niche, high-value products.

Investment Economy Information, Communications, Mining, Finance and Real Estate. To increase revenue fi rms need superior debt management, a stable macroeconomic environment and a sound investment plan. Supermarkets & Grocery Stores Animal Food Production Warehouse Clubs & Supercentres Soap & Cleaning Compound Manufacturing Pet Stores Pet Grooming & Boarding Capital intensity 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 SOURCE: IBISWORL\f \fotte\b line shows a h\Ligh level of capital \Lintensity Capital units per \ labour unit Pet Grooming & Boar\bing Other Services (except Public A\bministration) Economy Level The level of capital intensity is Low Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 24 Revenue Volatility The Pet Grooming and Boarding industry exhibits a low-to-moderate level of volatility. Revenue consistently expanded over the five-year period, including growth as strong as an estimated 12.6% in 2015.

Some of this growth can be attributed to rising prices for industry services alongside a sizable increase in demand thanks to steadily rising disposable income levels. With increased income, pet owners have been able to increasingly splurge on high-value goods and services.

These trends have resulted in consistent revenue growth for the industry. Technology & Systems The Pet Grooming and Boarding industry has undergone a low level of technological development over the past decade, with the most significant change occurring in the boarding segment. There has been little change in the underlying tools involved in pet washing and grooming. Companies that operate pet-boarding facilities have experienced a higher degree of technological change. These facilities may incorporate TV and music to soothe nervous pets. Additionally, some companies offer pet owners the option of placing a camera inside pet enclosures so that owners can see their pet while they are gone. Videos are typically available through the company’s website. Further, sites like Rover.com and DogVacay.com match travellers with independent pet sitters, encouraging the continued fragmentation of this industry and increasing the use of technology. Capital Intensity continued boarding operators must purchase bowls, bedding and cleaning materials, as well as enclosures for pets. Industry operators will also likely invest in computers and computer equipment for record keeping and inventory control. Level The level of Technology Change is Low SOURCE: IBISWORLD Volatility vs. growth Revenue volatility* (%) 1000100101 0.1 Five-year annualized revenue growth (%) –30 –10 10305070 Hazardous Stagnant Rollercoaster Blue Chip * Axis is in logarithmic scale A higher level of revenue volatility implies greater industry risk. Volatility can negatively affect long-term strategic decisions, such as the time frame for capital investment.

When a fi rm makes poor investment decisions it may face underutilized capacity if demand suddenly falls, or capacity constraints if it rises quickly. Pet Grooming & Boarding Level The level of Volatility is Medium Operating Conditions Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 25 Industry Assistance The industry receives no governmental assistance in the form of subsidies or otherwise. There are a variety of industry associations including the International Boarding and Pet Services Association and the National Groomer Association of Canada. The International Boarding and Pet Services Association provides information, publications, advertising opportunities, facility accreditation, cost-saving programs, meetings and business networking opportunities to industry providers. The National Groomer Association of Canada offers workshops and certification-testing sessions for dog grooming. Regulation & Policy The Pet Grooming and Boarding industry is subject to a low level of regulation. The rights of disabled persons with service dogs are covered by each individual province; generally, the consensus is that service dogs are permitted anywhere their handler goes, including restaurants, schools, buses, taxis, airplanes, stores, movie theatres, doctors’ offices and any other public space. Service dogs include guide dogs, signal dogs or other animals individually trained to provide assistance to an individual with a disability. In some provinces, a business licence is required to operate a pet-grooming business, kennel or related company.

Boarding kennels are barred from being built in residential areas, due to noise factors. They are subject to provincial and local government animal care, hygiene, safety, security and noise control regulations. Operators are advised to carry some form of groomer malpractice and public liability insurance in case of owner disputes. While there is no formal or vocational training or apprenticeship involved with pet grooming, there are increasing moves toward the vocational licensing of pet groomers. The National Groomer Association of Canada and the International Boarding and Pet Services Association (IBPSA) represent the industry. The IBPSA offers several different services and resources including business development models, animal training certifications and industry information.

Further, the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association writes the Code of Practice for Canadian Kennel Operations. Level & Trend The level of Regulation is Light and the trend is Steady Level & Trend The level of Industry Assistance is Low and the trend is Steady Operating Conditions Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 26 Key Statistics Revenue ($m) Industry Value Added ($m) Establish - ments Enterprises Employment Exports Imports Wages ($m) Domestic Demand Per capita dis - posable income ($) 2008 293.3 137.8 1,846 1,844 2,999 -- -- 88.5 N/A 28,766.8 2009 315.2 155.1 2,028 2,025 3,261 -- -- 94.0 N/A 29,846.5 2010 337.1 176.4 2,255 2,251 3,642 -- -- 100.7 N/A 30,138.3 2011 365.6 183.5 2,576 2,572 4,183 -- -- 110.7 N/A 29,929.6 2012 389.9 191.0 2,745 2,740 4,527 -- -- 121.2 N/A 30,301.3 2013 409.7 219.2 2,936 2,931 4,877 -- -- 124.6 N/A 30,916.9 2014 437.8 228.1 3,123 3,118 5,219 -- -- 132.2 N/A 31,411.6 2015 492.8 267.1 3,379 3,363 5,679 -- -- 153.8 N/A 32,308.7 2016 532.3 299.5 3,575 3,548 6,120 -- -- 167.0 N/A 32,895.4 2017 544.8 309.6 3,825 3,813 6,438 -- -- 175.1 N/A 34,112.5 2018 562.0 322.0 4,049 4,043 6,748 -- -- 183.5 N/A 35,329.2 2019 576.5 333.4 4,349 4,321 7,093 -- -- 192.5 N/A 36,353.7 2020 590.6 341.4 4,571 4,550 7,378 -- -- 200.1 N/A 37,371.6 2021 604.8 352.2 4,860 4,851 7,702 -- -- 208.5 N/A 38,418.0 2022 620.1 361.7 5,108 5,071 8,009 -- -- 216.8 N/A 39,592.9 IVA/Revenue (%) Imports/Demand (%) Exports/Revenue (%) Revenue per Employee ($’000) Wages/Revenue (%) Employees per Est. Average Wage ($) Share of the Economy (%) 2008 46.98 N/A N/A 97.80 30.17 1.62 29,509.84 0.00 2009 49.21 N/A N/A 96.66 29.82 1.61 28,825.51 0.00 2010 52.33 N/A N/A 92.56 29.87 1.62 27,649.64 0.00 2011 50.19 N/A N/A 87.40 30.28 1.62 26,464.26 0.00 2012 48.99 N/A N/A 86.13 31.08 1.65 26,772.70 0.00 2013 53.50 N/A N/A 84.01 30.41 1.66 25,548.49 0.00 2014 52.10 N/A N/A 83.89 30.20 1.67 25,330.52 0.00 2015 54.20 N/A N/A 86.78 31.21 1.68 27,082.23 0.00 2016 56.27 N/A N/A 86.98 31.37 1.71 27,287.58 0.00 2017 56.83 N/A N/A 84.62 32.14 1.68 27,197.89 0.00 2018 57.30 N/A N/A 83.28 32.65 1.67 27,193.24 0.00 2019 57.83 N/A N/A 81.28 33.39 1.63 27,139.43 0.00 2020 57.81 N/A N/A 80.05 33.88 1.61 27,121.17 0.00 2021 58.23 N/A N/A 78.53 34.47 1.58 27,070.89 0.00 2022 58.33 N/A N/A 77.43 34.96 1.57 27,069.55 0.00 Figures are in inflation-adjusted 2017 dollars. Revenue (%) Industry Value Added (%) Establish - ments (%) Enterprises (%) Employment (%) Exports (%) Imports (%) Wages (%) Domestic Demand (%) Per capita dis - posable income (%) 2009 7.5 12.6 9.9 9.8 8.7 N/A N/A 6.2 N/A 3.8 2010 6.9 13.7 11.2 11.2 11.7 N/A N/A 7.1 N/A 1.0 2011 8.5 4.0 14.2 14.3 14.9 N/A N/A 9.9 N/A -0.7 2012 6.6 4.1 6.6 6.5 8.2 N/A N/A 9.5 N/A 1.2 2013 5.1 14.8 7.0 7.0 7.7 N/A N/A 2.8 N/A 2.0 2014 6.9 4.1 6.4 6.4 7.0 N/A N/A 6.1 N/A 1.6 2015 12.6 17.1 8.2 7.9 8.8 N/A N/A 16.3 N/A 2.9 2016 8.0 12.1 5.8 5.5 7.8 N/A N/A 8.6 N/A 1.8 2017 2.3 3.4 7.0 7.5 5.2 N/A N/A 4.9 N/A 3.7 2018 3.2 4.0 5.9 6.0 4.8 N/A N/A 4.8 N/A 3.6 2019 2.6 3.5 7.4 6.9 5.1 N/A N/A 4.9 N/A 2.9 2020 2.4 2.4 5.1 5.3 4.0 N/A N/A 3.9 N/A 2.8 2021 2.4 3.2 6.3 6.6 4.4 N/A N/A 4.2 N/A 2.8 2022 2.5 2.7 5.1 4.5 4.0 N/A N/A 4.0 N/A 3.1 Annual Change Key Ratios Industry Data SOURCE: IBISWORLD Provided to: University of British Columbia Library (2130501157) | 26 November 2018WWW.IBISWORLD.CA Pet Grooming & Boarding in Canada December 2017 27 BARRIERS TO ENTRY High barriers to entry mean that new companies struggle to enter an industry, while low barriers mean it is easy for new companies to enter an industry.

CAPITAL INTENSITY Compares the amount of money spent on capital (plant, machinery and equipment) with that spent on labour. IBISWorld uses the ratio of depreciation to wages as a proxy for capital intensity. High capital intensity is more than $0.333 of capital to $1 of labour; medium is $0.125 to $0.333 of capital to $1 of labour; low is less than $0.125 of capital for every $1 of labour.

CONSTANT PRICES The dollar figures in the Key Statistics table, including forecasts, are adjusted for inflation using the current year (i.e. year published) as the base year. This removes the impact of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar, leaving only the “real” growth or decline in industry metrics. The inflation adjustments in IBISWorld’s reports are made using Statistics Canada’s implicit GDP price deflator.

DOMESTIC DEMAND Spending on industry goods and services within Canada, regardless of their country of origin. It is derived by adding imports to industry revenue, and then subtracting exports.

EMPLOYMENT The number of permanent, part-time, temporary and casual employees, working proprietors, partners, managers and executives within the industry.

ENTERPRISE A division that is separately managed and keeps management accounts. Each enterprise consists of one or more establishments that are under common ownership or control.

ESTABLISHMENT The smallest type of accounting unit within an enterprise, an establishment is a single physical location where business is conducted or where services or industrial operations are performed. Multiple establishments under common control make up an enterprise.

EXPORTS Total value of industry goods and services sold by Canadian companies to customers abroad.

IMPORTS Total value of industry goods and services brought in from foreign countries to be sold in Canada.

INDUSTRY CONCENTRATION An indicator of the dominance of the top four players in an industry. Concentration is considered high if the top players account for more than 70% of industry revenue. Medium is 40% to 70% of industry revenue. Low is less than 40%. INDUSTRY REVENUE The total sales of industry goods and services (exclusive of excise and sales tax); subsidies on production; all other operating income from outside the firm (such as commission income, repair and service income, and rent, leasing and hiring income); and capital work done by rental or lease. Receipts from interest royalties, dividends and the sale of fixed tangible assets are excluded.

INDUSTRY VALUE ADDED The market value of goods and services produced by the industry minus the cost of goods and services used in production. IVA is also described as the industry’s contribution to GDP, or profit plus wages and depreciation.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE The level of international trade is determined by ratios of exports to revenue and imports to domestic demand. For exports/revenue: low is less than 5%; medium is 5% to 20%; and high is more than 20%. Imports/domestic demand: low is less than 5%; medium is 5% to 35%; and high is more than 35%.

LIFE CYCLE All industries go through periods of growth, maturity and decline. IBISWorld determines an industry’s life cycle by considering its growth rate (measured by IVA) compared with GDP; the growth rate of the number of establishments; the amount of change the industry’s products are undergoing; the rate of technological change; and the level of customer acceptance of industry products and services.

NONEMPLOYING ESTABLISHMENT Businesses with no paid employment or payroll, also known as nonemployers. These are mostly set up by self-employed individuals.

PROFIT IBISWorld uses earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) as an indicator of a company’s profitability. It is calculated as revenue minus expenses, excluding interest and tax.

VOLATILITY The level of volatility is determined by averaging the absolute change in revenue in each of the past five years. Volatility levels: very high is more than ±20%; high volatility is ±10% to ±20%; moderate volatility is ±3% to ±10%; and low volatility is less than ±3%.

WAGES The gross total wages and salaries of all employees in the industry. Benefits and on-costs are included in this figure. Industry Jargon IBISWorld Glossary PET GROOMING A service that can provide dog or cat shampooing, drying, hair or fur clipping, nail cutting and other services as demanded by owners and depending on the pet.

PET HOTEL A boarding kennel for cats and dogs that sometimes offers luxury services. PET SITTING Pet watching service while owners are away on vacation or on business trips.

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