I have posted the guidlenes to do this assignment question paper is attached you just have to find answers for that from the files that I have attached too. assignment 1 guidelines There are many I ha

• Because of our ingenuity and technology, we will not run out of resources.

• The potential for economic growth is essentially unlimited.

• Our success depends on how well we manage the Earth's life-support systems, mostly for our benefit. Stewardship • We are the planet's most important species, but we have an ethical responsibility to care for the rest of nature.

• We will probably not run out of resources, but they should not be wasted.

• We should encourage environmentally beneficial forms of economic growth and discourage environmentally harmful forms.

• Our success depends on how well we manage the Earth's life- support systems for our benefit and for the rest of nature. Environmental Wisdom • Nature exists for all species, and we are not in charge of the Earth.

• Resources are limited, should not be wasted, and are not all for us.

• We should encourage Earth-sustaining forms of economic growth and discourage Earth-degrading forms.

• Our success depends on learning how nature sustains itself and integrating such lessons from nature into the ways we think and act. 6 Copyright © 2017 by Nelson Education Ltd. Human - C entred Environmental Worldviews • Planetary management or stewardship • Utilitarian / instrumental value of nature • Other variants include • No-problem school • Free-market school • Spaceship-Earth school 7 Copyright © 2017 by Nelson Education Ltd. Life- and Earth-Centred Environmental Worldviews • Inherent or intrinsic value of all forms of life • Avoid causing premature extinction of species through human activities . • Each species is unique . • Each species in a potential economic good . • Each species is capable of adapting . • Protect ecosystems, biodiversity, and biosphere (earth-centred or ecocentric ). 8 Copyright © 2017 by Nelson Education Ltd. Levels of Ethical Concern 9 Copyright © 2017 by Nelson Education Ltd. Deep Ecology Environmental Worldview 1. Each non-human life form has inherent value . 2. Interdependence and diversity of life forms 3. Humans have no right to reduce interdependence . 4. Human interference is excessive . 5. Substantial decrease in human population 6. Basic economic and technological policies must be changed . 7. Predominant ideology must change . 8. Obligation to directly or indirectly try to implement changes 10 Copyright © 2017 by Nelson Education Ltd. Ecofeminist Environmental Worldview Term coined in 1974 • A m ale -dominated , post-agricultural society resulted in violence against nature . • Oppression by men has driven women closer to nature . • Women are better able to lead us to more sustainable societies . • Equality between sexes is fundamental . • Call for life-centred people 11 Copyright © 2017 by Nelson Education Ltd. Living More Sustainably • Develop respect for all life . • Understand nature and apply the lessons . • Understand our impacts on the biosphere . • Develop critical thinking skills . • Evaluate our worldviews and lifestyles . • Strive to make the world a better place . 12 Copyright © 2017 by Nelson Education Ltd. Ecological Identity and Environmental Literacy • Where do the things I consume come from? • What do I know about the place where I live? • How am I connected to the Earth and other living things? • What is my purpose and my responsibility as a human being? 13 Copyright © 2017 by Nelson Education Ltd. Developing Environmentally Sustainable Societies: Solutions Figure 28-5 Solutions Developing Environmentally Sustainable Societies Guidelines and strategies for achieving more sustainable societies Guidelines ● Leave the world in as good a shape as - or better than - we found it.

● Do not degrade or deplete the Earth’s natural capital, and live off the natural income it provides.

● Copy nature.

● Take no more than we need.

● Do not reduce biodiversity.

● Try not to harm life, air, water, soil.

● Do not change the world’s climate.

● Help maintain the Earth’s capacity for self-repair.

● Do not overshoot the Earth’s carrying capacity.

● Repair past ecological damage. Strategies ● Sustain biodiversity.

● Eliminate poverty.

● Develop eco-economies.

● Build sustainable communities.

● Do not use renewable resources faster than nature can replace them.

● Use sustainable agriculture.

● Depend more on locally available renewable energy from the sun, wind, flowing water, and sustainable biomass.

● Emphasize pollution preven tion and waste reduction. ● Do not waste matter and energy resources.

● Recycle, reuse, and compost 60% to 80% of matter resources.

● Maintain a human population size such that needs are met without threatening life-support systems. ● Emphasize ecological restoration. Photo credits, (Left ): © DutchScenery /Shutterstoc k; (Right): © hroe /Thinkstock 14 Copyright © 2017 by Nelson Education Ltd. Escaping from Affluenza • Voluntary simplicity • Reduced consumption • What are our basic needs? Biosphere and Ecosystems Help sustain the Earth’s natural capital and biodiversity.

Do the least possible environmental harm when altering nature. Species and Cultures Avoid premature extinction of any species mostly by protecting and restoring its habitat.

Avoid premature extinction of any human culture. Individual Responsibility Do not inflict unnecessary suffering or pain on any animal.

Use no more of the Earth’s resources than you need. 15 Copyright © 2017 by Nelson Education Ltd. What Are the Major Components of the Environmental Revolution ? • Biodiversity protection revolution • Efficiency revolution • Solar -hydrogen revolution • Pollution prevention revolution • Sufficiency revolution • Demographic revolution • Economic and political revolution 16 Copyright © 2017 by Nelson Education Ltd. How C an W e B e M ore E ffective E nvironmental C itizens ? Avoid mental traps and despair, including: • Gloom-and-doom pessimism • Blind technological optimism • Fatalism • Extrapolation to infinity • Paralysis by analysis • Faith in simple, easy answers 17 Copyright © 2017 by Nelson Education Ltd. Conclusion • Developing an environmentally focused worldview is essential in order to affect change . • Different worldviews lead to other, more dangerous paths . • There are ways forward, if we believe in them and act on our ethics . 18