The description for this project is to choose a specific issue in the any specific organization and how they come up with the solution for that issue and use the attached documents as a blueprint and

Research Methodologies 4

Research Methodologies

1. Observation: is the systematic research methodology involving observing a given species, recording and analyzing the behavior of individuals or the object under study. It is time consuming since a researcher has to interact with the people he/she observes.

2. Face-to-face interview: involves conducting an interview on one-on-one basis with a respondent. The method is appropriate in enabling a researcher get immediate feedback from a respondent and even observe the facial expression of the respondent as they answer questions.

3. Telephone interview: involves conducting an interview with a respondent through the telephone. This method is less expensive, less time consuming and a researcher accesses anyone who has a telephone.

4. Computer assisted personal interview: this research method is a form of personal interviewing with the only difference being that a respondent has to bring a laptop or a computer so as to enter their information in a database directly.

5. Focus groups: this type of research data collection method is appropriate in exploring a topic further so as to provide a broader understanding of why a given targeted group thinks or behaves in certain way (Gill et al., 291).

6. Case studies: this method is applied when a researcher is trying to ascertain the extreme conditions that can or cannot be met under a given circumstance. Under this method, all cases are given the same starting point and then a sample of cases is used to help justify why a given phenomenon holds.

7. Self-Studies: this methodology involves the process of studying an individual’s behavior as a representation of others. A researcher may study their personal sleeping habits so as to represent the habits of other people who have the same traits as them. The method is, however, unreliable since a researcher might produce a biased opinion about themselves.

8. Ethnography: is a research methodology that involves scientific research studies of the daily lives of a given society.

9. Action research: involves in-depth investigation and analysis that aims at diagnosing a problem affecting an organization.

10. Census: is the process of obtaining data from an entire population under study. A census offers accurate and reliable data since chances of errors are extremely low due to the incorporation of the entire population understudy.

11. Sample survey: refers to the use of a given sample from an entire population as a representation of a general population under study. This method is appropriate in areas where the population to be studied is so large such that a researcher and the research has no time and resource to conduct a full study on the entire population.

12. Experiments: this is a controlled study that attempts to help a researcher understand the cause-effect relationship of a given object under study.

13. Casual inferences: Involves the use of scientific experimentation guidelines so as to understand the cause-effect relationship of randomly assigned subjects from a given group or population.

14. Documentation: involves providing substantial descriptions that are essential in further exploring a given subject under study by a researcher.

15. Creative strategy: involves the use of electronic data sources such as video as alternative research methodologies.

16. Triangulation: this method involves the use of multiple research methodologies so as to enhance the validity of the data under study. The process can involve the use of observation, focus groups, and even in-depth interviews as a way of investigating the reliability of given data.

17. Paper-pencil questionnaire: involves the process of an individual answering questions presented by a researcher. The method is convenient since questionnaires can be sent to a large number of people, thus, saving a researcher’s time and money.

18. Web-based questionnaire: this is a more modern method of questionnaire in which the respondents receive and answer questionnaires through the internet (Gosling et al. 93). The method is quicker but can only be used by respondents who are computer literate.

19. Secondary data methods: involves the use of already existing sources of data such as archives, books, census data, and other government sources. The use of secondary data sources enables a researcher to access data with much ease without necessarily going to the field (Hox and Hennie 593).

Works Cited

Gill, Paul, et al. "Methods of data collection in qualitative research: interviews and focus groups." British dental journal 204.6 (2008): 291-295.

Gosling, Samuel D., et al. "Should we trust web-based studies? A comparative analysis of six preconceptions about internet questionnaires." American Psychologist 59.2 (2004): 93.

Hox, Joop J., and Hennie R. Boeije. "Data collection, primary vs. secondary." Encyclopedia of social measurement 1.1 (2005): 593-599.