Reading: The 7 basic quality tools for process improvement. http://asq.org/learn-about-quality/seven-basic-quality-tools/overview/overview.html and sub-pages related to the 7 tools.Quality tools, the
7 Quality Tools The 7 Quality Tools for Process Improvements Pareto Chart Flow Charts Cause-Effect Diagrams Where did the Basic Seven come from? Kaoru Ishikawa • Known for “Democratizing Statistics ” • The Basic Seven Tools made statistical analysis less complicated for the average person • Good Visual Aids make statistical and quality control more comprehendible. What Is a Flowchart? A diagram that uses graphic symbolsto depict the nature and flow of the steps in a process. Benefits of Using Flowcharts • Promote process understanding • Provide tool for training • Identify problem areas and improvement opportunities " Draw a flowchart for whatever you do. Until you do, you do not know what you are doing, you just have a job.” -- Dr. W. Edwards Deming. Keys to Success • Start with the big picture • Observe the current process • Record process steps • Arrange the sequence of steps • Draw the Flowchart What Is a Cause and Effect Diagram? A graphic tool that helps identify, sort, and display possible causes of a problem or quality characteristic. Benefits of Using a Cause-and-Effect Diagram • Helps determine root causes • Encourages group participation • Uses an orderly, easy-to-read format • Indicates possible causes of variation • Increases process knowledge • Identifies areas for collecting data Data Collection • Where • What • Who • How √√√ √√√√ √ √√√ √√ √√√ √√√ √√ √ Shifts Shifts Defect Type Defect Type √√√√ Pareto Principle Pareto Principle • Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923) Italian economist – 20% of the population has 80% of the wealth • adapted by Joseph Juran. • Remember the 80/20 rule states that approximately 80% of the problems are created by approximately 20% of the causes. Pareto Charts Acme Pizza Slices Frequency % 010.3 13 313.0 9 26 525.7 9 38 3.1 7 41 24.7 6 50 0 60 0 71 0.3 Acme Pizza • The completed Pareto Analysis results in the following: 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1234567 Slices of Pizza # t i m es o rd ere d 2 1 4 3 7 5 6 Scatter Diagrams Slide 1 of 4 • Scatter Diagrams Defined – Scatter Diagrams are used to study and identify the possible relationship between the changes observed in two different sets of variables. Constructing a Scatter Diagram – 1. collect two pieces of data and create a summary table of the data.– 2. Draw a diagram labeling the horizontal and vertical axes. • 3. It is common that the “caus e” variable be labeled on the X axis and the “effect” variabl e be labeled on the Y axis. – 4. Plot the data pairs on the diagram.
– 5. Interpret the scatter diagram for direction and strength. Scatter Diagram Scatter Diagram .
