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Running head: BURNOUT IN THE RADIOLOGICAL WORLD
Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction and Burnout in the World of Radiologic Sciences
Bachelor of Science in Radiologic Science Program
RADS 4913
March 8, 2020
Burnout in the Radiological World
Job satisfaction is a critical aspect because of its significance in enhancing the wellbeing of individuals and its contribution to healthcare quality and productivity. Consequently, burnout constitutes aspects such as lack of job enthusiasm, emotional exhaustion, and feeling of decreased accomplishments. As a mental state, burnout tends to have substantial detrimental impacts on wellbeing and also tends to result in high turnover rates. Burnout is common among radiology technologists because of the workload, and a lot needs to be accomplished within a short period that might be devastating. Notably, as it is with other professions, radiographers might experience burnout, which might be a consequence of the workload, organizational environment, and other personal aspects. According to Deborah (2018), radiology is rising in the burnout ranks, and it is the seventh highest specialty citing the Medscape National Physician Burnout and Depression Report. The primary purpose of this literature review is to investigate significant efforts to understand the factors associated with radiographers' burnout and the measures that can be undertaken .
Methods
Systematic review methodology was used as the primary method for assembling the necessary resources for the study. Selecting the appropriate sources was achieved through both reviewing the abstracts of the potential primary and secondary sources that were retrieved electronically. Conversely, in most cases, abstracts did not provide comprehensive insights and thus the need to review the references as a whole to get details that would aid in achieving the purpose. Some of the keywords that were used in the search included radiology, burnout, job satisfaction, radiology, fatigue, radiological department . Quality assessment of the sources that were retrieved was essential, and the CONSORT 2010 technique was used for reviewing the quality of the sources. This technique provides a checklist of 25 items which would enhance the quality. The selected items that were used include the title, abstract, methodology of the study (trial design, participants, interventions, and outcomes), results, and discussions.
Predictors of Job Satisfaction among Radiologic Technologists
Age
Job satisfaction is one of the inherent motivation aspects in the workplace. Often, individuals tend to be enthusiastic in enhancing productivity and delivery of quality services. It is sufficient to note that job satisfaction strengthens positive outcomes among patients in a clinical setting, as there are coordination and commitment among physicians. In the case of radiological technologists, one of the predictors of job satisfaction is the organizational environment. According to Satterfield (2015), millennials, that is, those below the age of 33 years, valued flexibility, career development, and collaboration with team members.
Additionally, both the millennials and non-millennials place greater emphasis on the work/life balance . Core dynamics of the workplace, including the work/life balance, flexibility, collaboration between the team members, were significant contributors to job satisfaction. According to Fultz et al., (2018), radiological technologists wanted positive leadership, continued leadership and training, and supportive colleagues, being recognized for good work. Supportive leadership provides substantial emotional support and instills confidence in the radiologists. Furthermore, an appreciation of the employee efforts by leaders provides a feeling of self-worth, and individuals can realistically perceive their accomplishments.
Experience
Experience is also another contributing factor to job satisfaction, and the research also demonstrates radiological technologists with an experience of over 20 years showed significant job satisfaction. It is sufficient to note that experience enables delivery of tasks because of comprehensive understanding of complex issues. Therefore, individuals with greater experience do not find it difficult to find a resolve to a challenge within the radiological setting.
Income
Income is also a significant contributor to job satisfaction, as most of those with lower income demonstrated depressive symptoms in the workplace as opposed to those with higher income (Oliveira et al., 2018). Depressive symptoms have been proposed to be a predictor for burnout. Low income is an example of negative dynamics that tend to support the exhaustion of individuals within the workplace.
Work Control
Having autonomy in a particular activity by the radiologist is a significant contributor to job satisfaction (Grönroos & Pajukari, 2009). It is imperative to note that individuals tend to be motivated by the desire to satisfy a particular need, and thus, a positive organizational environment strengthens the needs for self-esteem and self-actualization.
Causes of Radiologic Technologist Burnout
Emotional Burnout
Radiological technologists experience burnout, and there are a myriad of causes that attribute to burnout. According to Zha et al. (2018), and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), burnout can be characterized as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and perceived lack of personal accomplishments. Ineffective leadership is also a critical cause of burnout for radiological technologists. Markedly, incompetent leadership results in ambiguity within the working environment where there are no clear responsibilities and thus resulting in too much workload. Radiological technologists end up feeling helpless as they do not have control over the jobs that they are doing.
Students Training
Lack of or inadequate student training is also an underlying cause of burnout among radiological training. Most of the radiography schools invest efforts to teach students all the examinations done in the standard imaging department, and there is no assurance that students grasp everything during clinical rotation (Singh et al., 2016 ). Therefore, results in radiographers demonstrating high exhaustion levels, depersonalization, and low levels of clinical uncertainty. Most of the individuals also experienced burnout because of the time they spent working.
Long Overtime Hours
According to Singh et al., (2016), individuals who worked for more than 10 hours a day and other commitments such as spending another 10% of their time training students had a greater demonstrated depersonalization as opposed to employees who worked for fewer hours. The considerable workload is also among the causes of burnout as most radiological technologists are unable to perceive any accomplishment of their tasks. Often, most of the radiological technologists have an array of tasks. Thus, most of the supervisors might make continued requests of quality, which might result in feelings of non-accomplishments.
Combating Burnout
Positive Psychology
As much as burnout is a critical problem for radiological technologists, at the individual and the organizational levels. Positive psychology is one of the measures that can help counter burnout at the individual level. This entails changing how a person thinks thereby impacting the outlook of a person and success. Optimism is a component of positive psychology, and individuals tend to be more successful, confident, and they have a strong belief in permanent positive events. Thus, individuals are encouraged to focus on what is good and accomplishing both the long-term and short-term goals. Secondly, leadership should also take the responsibility to address the personal accomplishments of some of the team members.
Addressing Personal Accomplishments
As stated earlier on, burnout emerges from a feeling of dissatisfaction, and individuals tend to feel that they have not contributed enough effort. In this case, leaders within an organization should address accomplishments to instill the feeling of satisfaction among employees (Guenette & Smith, 2017 ). Radiological technologist can observe even the slightest accomplishments , this helps in reducing any feelings of exhaustion as it emanates from lack of adequate feeling of doing enough.
Strengthening Team Relationship
At the organizational level, strengthening team relationships helps in addressing the issue of burnout among physicians. Some of the team building activities that might be designed include fun activities outside the workplace as a team, sharing meals, and taking breaks together. Consequently, these activities enhance the wellbeing of individuals as it strengthens self-esteem as the radiological technologists feel valued in the organization.
Conclusion
Radiological Technology is a fantastic career if there are measures within the clinical setting that will help deal with the issue of burnout. The literature review embarked on finding out the causes of exhaustion and some of the measures that might be used to address the issue. The study achieved its purpose since some of the aspects that caused burnout include ineffective leadership, huge workload among radiological technologists, including training students, which results in long working hours. Furthermore, there also solutions both at the individual and organizational levels that can be used to address the burnout among the radiological technologists. At the individual level, positive psychology tends to provide a commitment to radiologists for their jobs. Positive psychology enables physicians to perceive work-related challenges as an opportunity to learn, and they tend to be challenging, and thus, they tend to focus on their accomplishments even though they might be small.
Additionally, collaboration with the team members is also another countermeasure at the individual level that seeks to support the wellbeing of individuals. In this case, the organization is tasked with the mandate of ensuring they facilitate team building activities at the workplace and outside the workplace. This enhances the self-esteem of individuals as they perceive the leadership to be responsible.
Suggestions for future research
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References
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Fultz, A. R., Walker, M., Lengerich, A., & Bugajski, A. (2018). Radiologic technologists' job satisfaction: A look at work environment, communication, and leadership. Radiologic Technology, 89 , 536-540. http://www.radiologictechnology.org/content/89/6/536.short
Grönroos, E., & Pajukari, A. ( 2009 ). Job satisfaction of the radiological departments' staff. European Journal of Radiography, 1(4), 133-138. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejradi.2010.03.001
Guenette, J. P., & Smith, S. E. (2017). Burnout: Prevalence and associated factors among radiology residents in New England with comparison against United States resident physicians in other specialties. American Journal of Roentgenology, 209(1), 136-141. doi:10.2214/ajr.16.17541
Oliveira, A. M., Silva, M. T., Galvão, T. F., & Lopes, L. C. (2018). The relationship between job satisfaction, burnout syndrome, and depressive symptoms: An analysis of professionals in a teaching hospital in brazil. Medicine, 97(49), e13364. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000013364
Satterfield, L. M. (2015). Factors affecting job satisfaction of radiologic sciences faculty: Implications for recruitment and retention. The University of Tennessee Knoxville. https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4644&context=utk_graddiss
Singh, N., Knight, K., Wright, C., Baird, M., Akroyd, D., Adams, R. D., & Schneider, M. E. (2016). Occupational burnout among radiographers, sonographers, and radiologists in Australia and New Zealand: Findings from a national survey. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology, 61(3), 304-310. doi:10.1111/1754-9485.12547
Singh, N., Wright, C., Knight, K., Akroyd, D., Adams, R., & Schneider, M. E. (2017). Occupational burnout among radiation therapists in Australia: Findings from a mixed methods study. International Journal of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Therapy, 23(3), 216-221. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2017.03.016
Singh, N., Wright, C., Baird, M., Akroyd, D., Adams, R., & Schneider, M. (2017). Occupational burnout among radiographers, sonographers and radiologists in Australia and New Zealand: Findings from a national survey. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology, 61(3), 304-310. Retrieval information.
Zha, N., Patlas, M., Neuheimer, N., & Duszak Jr., R. (2018) Prevalence of burnout among Canadian radiologist and radiology trainees. Canadiann Association of Radiologists Journal 69(4). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2018.05.005
