StudyDaddy History First, watch this 30-minute video, The Epic of Gilgamesh, by clicking the link below: https://www.learner.org/series/invitation-to-world-literature/the-epic-of-gilgamesh/(Links to an external site.) I

First, watch this 30-minute video, The Epic of Gilgamesh, by clicking the link below: https://www.learner.org/series/invitation-to-world-literature/the-epic-of-gilgamesh/(Links to an external site.) I

!1!The$Epic$of$Gilgamesh$!Translated!by!Maureen!Gallery!Kovacs!Electronic!Edition!by!Wolf!Carnahan,!I998!!Tablet$I$!He!who!has!seen!everything,!I!will!make!known!(?)!to!the!lands.!I!will!teach!(?)!about!him!who!experienced!all!things,!...!alike,!Anu!granted!him!the!totality!of!knowledge!of!all.!He!saw!the!Secret,!discovered!the!Hidden,!he!brought!information!of!(the!time)!before!the!Flood.!He!went!on!a!distant!journey,!pushing!himself!to!exhaustion,!but!then!was!brought!to!peace.!He!carved!on!a!stone!stela!all!of!his!toils,!and!built!the!wall!of!UrukOHaven,!the!wall!of!the!sacred!Eanna!Temple,!the!holy!sanctuary.!Look!at!its!wall!which!gleams!like!copper(?),!inspect!its!inner!wall,!the!likes!of!which!no!one!can!equal!!Take!hold!of!the!threshold!stoneOOit!dates!from!ancient!times!!Go!close!to!the!Eanna!Temple,!the!residence!of!Ishtar,!such!as!no!later!king!or!man!ever!equaled!!Go!up!on!the!wall!of!Uruk!and!walk!around,!examine!its!foundation,!inspect!its!brickwork!thoroughly.!Is!not!(even!the!core!of)!the!brick!structure!made!of!kilnOfired!brick,!and!did!not!the!Seven!Sages!themselves!lay!out!its!plans?!One!league!city,!one!league!palm!gardens,!one!league!lowlands,!the!open!area(?)!of!the!Ishtar!Temple,!three!leagues!and!the!open!area(?)!of!Uruk!it!(the!wall)!encloses.!Find!the!copper!tablet!box,!open!the!...!of!its!lock!of!bronze,!undo!the!fastening!of!its!secret!opening.!Take!and!read!out!from!the!lapis!lazuli!tablet!how!Gilgamesh!went!through!every!hardship.!!Supreme!over!other!kings,!lordly!in!appearance,!he!is!the!hero,!born!of!Uruk,!the!goring!wild!bull.!He!walks!out!in!front,!the!leader,!and!walks!at!the!rear,!trusted!by!his!companions.!Mighty!net,!protector!of!his!people,!raging!floodOwave!who!destroys!even!walls!of!stone!!Offspring!of!Lugalbanda,!Gilgamesh!is!strong!to!perfection,!son!of!the!august!cow,!RimatONinsun;...!Gilgamesh!is!awesome!to!perfection.!It!was!he!who!opened!the!mountain!passes,!who!dug!wells!on!the!flank!of!the!mountain.! !2!It!was!he!who!crossed!the!ocean,!the!vast!seas,!to!the!rising!sun,!who!explored!the!world!regions,!seeking!life.!It!was!he!who!reached!by!his!own!sheer!strength!Utanapishtim,!the!Faraway,!who!restored!the!sanctuaries!(or:!cities)!that!the!Flood!had!destroyed!!...!for!teeming!mankind.!Who!can!compare!with!him!in!kingliness?!Who!can!say!like!Gilgamesh:!"I!am!King!"?!Whose!name,!from!the!day!of!his!birth,!was!called!"Gilgamesh"?!TwoOthirds!of!him!is!god,!oneOthird!of!him!is!human.!The!Great!Goddess![Aruru]!designed(?)!the!model!for!his!body,!she!prepared!his!form!...!...!beautiful,!handsomest!of!men,!...!perfect!...!He!walks!around!in!the!enclosure!of!Uruk,!Like!a!wild!bull!he!makes!himself!mighty,!head!raised!(over!others).!There!is!no!rival!who!can!raise!his!weapon!against!him.!His!fellows!stand!(at!the!alert),!attentive!to!his!(orders!?),!and!the!men!of!Uruk!become!anxious!in!...!Gilgamesh!does!not!leave!a!son!to!his!father,!day!and!night!he!arrogant[y(?)!...!![The!following!lines!are!interpreted!as!rhetorical,!perhaps!spoken!by!the!oppressed!citizens!of!Uruk.]!!Is!Gilgamesh!the!shepherd!of!UrukOHaven,!is!he!the!shepherd.!...!bold,!eminent,!knowing,!and!wise!!Gilgamesh!does!not!leave!a!girl!to!her!mother(?)!The!daughter!of!the!warrior,!the!bride!of!the!young!man,!the!gods!kept!hearing!their!complaints,!so!the!gods!of!the!heavens!implored!the!Lord!of!Uruk![Anu]!!!!!!!!"You!have!indeed!brought!into!being!a!mighty!wild!bull,!head!raised!!!!!!!!!"There!is!no!rival!who!can!raise!a!weapon!against!him.!!!!!!!!"His!fellows!stand!(at!the!alert),!attentive!to!his!(orders!!),!!!!!!!!"Gilgamesh!does!not!leave!a!son!to!his!father,!!!!!!!!"day!and!night!he!arrogantly!...!!!!!!!!"Is!he!the!shepherd!of!UrukOHaven,!!!!!!!!"is!he!their!shepherd...!!!!!!!!"bold,!eminent,!knowing,!and!wise,!!!!!!!!"Gilgamesh!does!not!leave!a!girl!to!her!mother(?)!"!!The!daughter!of!the!warrior,!the!bride!of!the!young!man,!Anu!listened!to!their!complaints,!and!(the!gods)!called!out!to!Aruru:!!!!!!!"it!was!you,!Aruru,!who!created!mankind(?),! !3!!!!!!!now!create!a!zikru!to!it/him.!!!!!!!Let!him!be!equal!to!his!(Gilgamesh's)!stormy!heart,!!!!!!!let!them!be!a!match!for!each!other!so!that!Uruk!may!find!peace!"!When!Aruru!heard!this!she!created!within!herself!the!zikrtt!of!Anu.!Aruru!washed!her!hands,!she!pinched!off!some!clay,!and!threw!it!into!the!wilderness.!In!the!wildness(?)!she!created!valiant!Enkidu,!born!of!Silence,!endowed!with!strength!by!Ninurta.!His!whole!body!was!shaggy!with!hair,!he!had!a!full!head!of!hair!like!a!woman,!his!locks!billowed!in!profusion!like!Ashnan.!He!knew!neither!people!nor!settled!living,!but!wore!a!garment!like!Sumukan."!He!ate!grasses!with!the!gazelles,!and!jostled!at!the!watering!hole!with!the!animals;!as!with!animals,!his!thirst!was!slaked!with!(mere)!water.!!A!notorious!trapper!came!faceOtoOface!with!him!opposite!the!watering!hole.!A!first,!a!second,!and!a!third!day!he!came!faceOtoOface!with!him!opposite!the!watering!hole.!On!seeing!him!the!trapper's!face!went!stark!with!fear,!and!he!(Enkidu?)!and!his!animals!drew!back!home.!He!was!rigid!with!fear;!though!stockOstill!his!heart!pounded!and!his!face!drained!of!color.!He!was!miserable!to!the!core,!and!his!face!looked!like!one!who!had!made!a!long!journey.!The!trapper!addressed!his!father!saying:"!!!!!!!"Father,!a!certain!fellow!has!come!from!the!mountains.!!!!!!!He!is!the!mightiest!in!the!land,!!!!!!!his!strength!is!as!mighty!as!the!meteorite(?)!of!Anu!!!!!!!!He!continually!goes!over!the!mountains,!!!!!!!he!continually!jostles!at!the!watering!place!with!the!animals,!!!!!!!he!continually!plants!his!feet!opposite!the!watering!place.!!!!!!!I!was!afraid,!so!I!did!not!go!up!to!him.!!!!!!!He!filled!in!the!pits!that!I!had!dug,!!!!!!!wrenched!out!my!traps!that!I!had!spread,!!!!!!!released!from!my!grasp!the!wild!animals.!!!!!!!He!does!not!let!me!make!my!rounds!in!the!wilderness!"!!The!trapper's!father!spoke!to!him!saying:!!!!!!!"My!son,!there!lives!in!Uruk!a!certain!Gilgamesh.!!!!!!!There!is!no!one!stronger!than!he,!!!!!!!he!is!as!strong!as!the!meteorite(?)!of!Anu.!!!!!!!Go,!set!off!to!Uruk,!!!!!!!tell!Gilgamesh!of!this!Man!of!Might.!!!!!!!He!will!give!you!the!harlot!Shamhat,!take!her!with!you.! !4!!!!!!!The!woman!will!overcome!the!fellow!(?)!as!if!she!were!strong.!!!!!!!When!the!animals!are!drinking!at!the!watering!place!!!!!!!have!her!take!off!her!robe!and!expose!her!sex.!!!!!!!When!he!sees!her!he!will!draw!near!to!her,!!!!!!!and!his!animals,!who!grew!up!in!his!wilderness,!will!be!alien!to!him."!!He!heeded!his!father's!advice.!The!trapper!went!off!to!Uruk,!he!made!the!journey,!stood!inside!of!Uruk,!and!declared!to!...!Gilgamesh:!!!!!!!"There!is!a!certain!fellow!who!has!come!from!the!mountainsOO!!!!!!!he!is!the!mightiest!in!the!land,!!!!!!!his!strength!is!as!mighty!as!the!meteorite(?)!of!Anu!!!!!!!!He!continually!goes!over!the!mountains,!!!!!!!he!continually!jostles!at!the!watering!place!with!the!animals,!!!!!!!he!continually!plants!his!feet!opposite!the!watering!place.!!!!!!!I!was!afraid,!so!I!did!not!go!up!to!him.!!!!!!!He!filled!in!the!pits!that!I!had!dug,!!!!!!!wrenched!out!my!traps!that!I!had!spread,!!!!!!!released!from!my!grasp!the!wild!animals.!!!!!!!He!does!not!let!me!make!my!rounds!in!the!wilderness!"!Gilgamesh!said!to!the!trapper:!!!!!!!"Go,!trapper,!bring!the!harlot,!Shamhat,!with!you.!!!!!!!When!the!animals!are!drinking!at!the!watering!place!!!!!!!have!her!take!off!her!robe!and!expose!her!sex.!!!!!!!When!he!sees!her!he!will!draw!near!to!her,!!!!!!!and!his!animals,!who!grew!up!in!his!wilderness,!will!be!alien!to!him."!!The!trapper!went,!bringing!the!harlot,!Shamhat,!with!him.!They!set!off!on!the!journey,!making!direct!way.!On!the!third!day!they!arrived!at!the!appointed!place,!and!the!trapper!and!the!harlot!sat!down!at!their!posts(?).!A!first!day!and!a!second!they!sat!opposite!the!watering!hole.!The!animals!arrived!and!drank!at!the!watering!hole,!the!wild!beasts!arrived!and!slaked!their!thirst!with!water.!Then!he,!Enkidu,!offspring!of!the!mountains,!who!eats!grasses!with!the!gazelles,!came!to!drink!at!the!watering!hole!with!the!animals,!with!the!wild!beasts!he!slaked!his!thirst!with!water.!Then!Shamhat!saw!himOOa!primitive,!a!savage!fellow!from!the!depths!of!the!wilderness!!!!!!!!"That!is!he,!Shamhat!!Release!your!clenched!arms,!!!!!!!expose!your!sex!so!he!can!take!in!your!voluptuousness.!!!!!!!Do!not!be!restrainedOOtake!his!energy!!!!!!!!When!he!sees!you!he!will!draw!near!to!you.!!!!!!!Spread!out!your!robe!so!he!can!lie!upon!you,! !5!!!!!!!and!perform!for!this!primitive!the!task!of!womankind!!!!!!!!His!animals,!who!grew!up!in!his!wilderness,!will!become!alien!to!him,!!!!!!!and!his!lust!will!groan!over!you."!Shamhat!unclutched!her!bosom,!exposed!her!sex,!and!he!took!in!her!voluptuousness.!She!was!not!restrained,!but!took!his!energy.!She!spread!out!her!robe!and!he!lay!upon!her,!she!performed!for!the!primitive!the!task!of!womankind.!His!lust!groaned!over!her;!for!six!days!and!seven!nights!Enkidu!stayed!aroused,!and!had!intercourse!with!the!harlot!until!he!was!sated!with!her!charms.!But!when!he!turned!his!attention!to!his!animals,!the!gazelles!saw!Enkidu!and!darted!off,!the!wild!animals!distanced!themselves!from!his!body.!Enkidu!...!his!utterly!depleted(?)!body,!his!knees!that!wanted!to!go!off!with!his!animals!went!rigid;!Enkidu!was!diminished,!his!running!was!not!as!before.!But!then!he!drew!himself!up,!for!his!understanding!had!broadened.!Turning!around,!he!sat!down!at!the!harlot's!feet,!gazing!into!her!face,!his!ears!attentive!as!the!harlot!spoke.!The!harlot!said!to!Enkidu:!!!!!!!"You!are!beautiful,"!Enkidu,!you!are!become!like!a!god.!!!!!!!Why!do!you!gallop!around!the!wilderness!with!the!wild!beasts?!!!!!!!Come,!let!me!bring!you!into!UrukOHaven,!!!!!!!to!the!Holy!Temple,!the!residence!of!Anu!and!Ishtar,!!!!!!!the!place!of!Gilgamesh,!who!is!wise!to!perfection,!!!!!!!but!who!struts!his!power!over!the!people!like!a!wild!bull."!What!she!kept!saying!found!favor!with!him.!Becoming!aware!of!himself,!he!sought!a!friend.!Enkidu!spoke!to!the!harlot:!!!!!!!"Come,!Shamhat,!take!me!away!with!you!!!!!!!to!the!sacred!Holy!Temple,!the!residence!of!Anu!and!Ishtar,!!!!!!!the!place!of!Gilgamesh,!who!is!wise!to!perfection,!!!!!!!but!who!struts!his!power!over!the!people!like!a!wild!bull.!!!!!!!I!will!challenge!him!...!!!!!!!Let!me!shout!out!in!Uruk:!I!am!the!mighty!one!'!!!!!!!Lead!me!in!and!I!will!change!the!order!of!things;!!!!!!!he!whose!strength!is!mightiest!is!the!one!born!in!the!wilderness!"![Shamhat!to!Enkidu:]!!!!!!!"Come,!let!us!go,!so!he!may!see!your!face.!!!!!!!I!will!lead!you!to!GilgameshOOI!know!where!he!will!be.!!!!!!!Look!about,!Enkidu,!inside!UrukOHaven,!!!!!!!where!the!people!show!off!in!skirted!finery,!!!!!!!where!every!day!is!a!day!for!some!festival,!!!!!!!where!the!lyre(?)!and!drum!play!continually,! !6!!!!!!!where!harlots!stand!about!prettily,!!!!!!!exuding!voluptuousness,!full!of!laughter!!!!!!!and!on!the!couch!of!night!the!sheets!are!spread!(!)."!!!!!!!Enkidu,!you!who!do!not!know,!how!to!live,!!!!!!!I!will!show!you!Gilgamesh,!a!man!of!extreme!feelings!(!).!!!!!!!Look!at!him,!gaze!at!his!faceOO!!!!!!!he!is!a!handsome!youth,!with!freshness(!),!!!!!!!his!entire!body!exudes!voluptuousness!!!!!!!He!has!mightier!strength!than!you,!!!!!!!without!sleeping!day!or!night!!!!!!!!Enkidu,!it!is!your!wrong!thoughts!you!must!change!!!!!!!!It!is!Gilgamesh!whom!Shamhat!loves,!!!!!!!and!Anu,!Enlil,!and!La!have!enlarged!his!mind."!!!!!!!Even!before!you!came!from!the!mountain!!!!!!!Gilgamesh!in!Uruk!had!dreams!about!you.""!!Gilgamesh!got!up!and!revealed!the!dream,!saying!to!his!mother:!!!!!!!"Mother,!I!had!a!dream!last!night.!!!!!!!Stars!of!the!sky!appeared,!!!!!!!and!some!kind!of!meteorite(?)!of!Anu!fell!next!to!me.!!!!!!!I!tried!to!lift!it!but!it!was!too!mighty!for!me,!!!!!!!I!tried!to!turn!it!over!but!I!could!not!budge!it.!!!!!!!The!Land!of!Uruk!was!standing!around!it,!!!!!!!the!whole!land!had!assembled!about!it,!!!!!!!the!populace!was!thronging!around!it,!!!!!!!the!Men!clustered!about!it,!!!!!!!and!kissed!its!feet!as!if!it!were!a!little!baby!(!).!!!!!!!I!loved!it!and!embraced!it!as!a!wife.!!!!!!!I!laid!it!down!at!your!feet,!!!!!!!and!you!made!it!compete!with!me."!The!mother!of!Gilgamesh,!the!wise,!allOknowing,!said!to!her!Lord;!RimatONinsun,!the!wise,!allOknowing,!said!to!Gilgamesh:!!!!!!!"As!for!the!stars!of!the!sky!that!appeared!!!!!!!and!the!meteorite(?)!of!Anu!which!fell!next!to!you,!!!!!!!you!tried!to!lift!but!it!was!too!mighty!for!you,!!!!!!!you!tried!to!turn!it!over!but!were!unable!to!budge!it,!!!!!!!you!laid!it!down!at!my!feet,!!!!!!!and!I!made!it!compete!with!you,!!!!!!!and!you!loved!and!embraced!it!as!a!wife."!!!!!!!"There!will!come!to!you!a!mighty!man,!a!comrade!who!saves!his!friendOO!!!!!!!he!is!the!mightiest!in!the!land,!he!is!strongest,!!!!!!!his!strength!is!mighty!as!the!meteorite(!)!of!Anu!!!!!!!!You!loved!him!and!embraced!him!as!a!wife;!!!!!!!and!it!is!he!who!will!repeatedly!save!you.!!!!!!!Your!dream!is!good!and!propitious!"!A!second!time!Gilgamesh!said!to!his!mother:!!!!!!!"Mother,!I!have!had!another!dream:! !7!!!!!!!"At!the!gate!of!my!marital!chamber!there!lay!an!axe,!!!!!!!"and!people!had!collected!about!it.!!!!!!!"The!Land!of!Uruk!was!standing!around!it,!!!!!!!"the!whole!land!had!assembled!about!it,!!!!!!!"the!populace!was!thronging!around!it.!!!!!!!"I!laid!it!down!at!your!feet,!!!!!!!"I!loved!it!and!embraced!it!as!a!wife,!!!!!!!"and!you!made!it!compete!with!me."!The!mother!of!Gilgamesh,!the!wise,!allOknowing,!said!to!her!son;!RimatONinsun,!the!wise,!allOknowing,!said!to!Gilgamesh:!!!!!!!""The!axe!that!you!saw!(is)!a!man.!!!!!!!"...!(that)!you!love!him!and!embrace!as!a!wife,!!!!!!!"but!(that)!I!have!compete!with!you."!!!!!!!""!There!will!come!to!you!a!mighty!man,!!!!!!!""!a!comrade!who!saves!his!friendOO!!!!!!!"he!is!the!mightiest!in!the!land,!he!is!strongest,!!!!!!!"he!is!as!mighty!as!the!meteorite(!)!of!Anu!"!Gilgamesh!spoke!to!his!mother!saying:!!!!!!!""By!the!command!of!Enlil,!the!Great!Counselor,!so!may!it!to!pass!!!!!!!!"May!I!have!a!friend!and!adviser,!a!friend!and!adviser!may!I!have!!!!!!!!"You!have!interpreted!for!me!the!dreams!about!him!"!After!the!harlot!recounted!the!dreams!of!Gilgamesh!to!Enkidu!the!two!of!them!made!love.!!!Tablet$II$!Enkidu!sits!in!front!of!her.!![The!next!30!lines!are!missing;!some!of!the!fragmentary!lines!from!35!on!are!restored!from!parallels!in!the!Old!Babylonian.]!!"Why!..."(?)!His!own!counsel!...!At!his!instruction!...!Who!knows!his!heart...!Shamhat!pulled!off!her!clothing,!and!clothed!him!with!one!piece!while!she!clothed!herself!with!a!second.!She!took!hold!of!him!as!the!gods!do'!and!brought!him!to!the!hut!of!the!shepherds.!The!shepherds!gathered!all!around!about!him,!they!marveled!to!themselves:!"How!the!youth!resembles!GilgameshOO!tall!in!stature,!towering!up!to!the!battlements!over!the!wall!! !8!Surely!he!was!born!in!the!mountains;!his!strength!is!as!mighty!as!the!meteorite(!)!of!Anu!"!They!placed!food!in!front!of!him,!they!placed!beer!in!front!of!him;!Enkidu!knew!nothing!about!eating!bread!for!food,!and!of!drinking!beer!he!had!not!been!taught.!The!harlot!spoke!to!Enkidu,!saying:!!"Eat!the!food,!Enkidu,!it!is!the!way!one!lives.!!Drink!the!beer,!as!is!the!custom!of!the!land."!Enkidu!ate!the!food!until!he!was!sated,!he!drank!the!beerOseven!jugs!OO!and!became!expansive!and!sang!with!joy!!He!was!elated!and!his!face!glowed.!He!splashed!his!shaggy!body!with!water,!and!rubbed!himself!with!oil,!and!turned!into!a!human.!He!put!on!some!clothing!and!became!like!a!warrior(!).!He!took!up!his!weapon!and!chased!lions!so!that!the!shepherds!could!eat!He!routed!the!wolves,!and!chased!!the!lions.!With!Enkidu!as!their!guard,!the!herders!could!lie!down.!A!wakeful!man,!a!singular!youth,!he!was!twice!as!tall!(?)!(as!normal!men!![The!next!33!lines!are!missing!in!the!Standard!Version;!lines!57O86!are!taken!from!the!Old!Babylonian.]!!Then!he!raised!his!eyes!and!saw!a!man.!He!said!to!the!harlot:!!"Shamhat,!have!that!man!go!away!!!Why!has!he!come'?!I!will!call!out!his!name!"!The!harlot!called!out!to!the!man!and!went!over!to!him!and!spoke!with!him.!!"Young!man,!where!are!you!hurrying!!!Why!this!arduous!pace!"!The!young!man!spoke,!saying!to!Enkidu:!!"They!have!invited!me!to!a!wedding,!!as!is!the!custom!of!the!people.!!...!the!selection(!)!of!brides(!)!..!!!I!have!heaped!up!tasty!delights!for!the!wedding!on!the!ceremonial(!)!platter.!!For!the!King!of!BroadOMarted!Uruk,!!open!is!the!veil(!)!of!the!people!for!choosing!(a!girl).!!For!Gilgamesh,!the!King!of!BroadOMarted!Uruk,!!open!is!the!veil(?)!of!the!people!for!choosing.!!He!will!have!intercourse!with!the!'destined!wife,'!!he!first,!the!husband!afterward.!!This!is!ordered!by!the!counsel!of!Anu,!!from!the!severing!of!his!umbilical!cord!it!has!been!destined!!for!him."! !9!At!the!young!man's!speech!his!(Enkidu's)!face!flushed!(with!anger).![Several!lines!are!missing.]!Enkidu!walked!in!front,!and!Shamhat!after!him.![The!Standard!Version!resumes.]!!He!(Enkidu)!walked!down!the!street!of!UrukOHaven,!...!mighty...!He!blocked!the!way!through!Uruk!the!Sheepfold.!The!land!of!Uruk!stood!around!him,!the!whole!land!assembled!about!him,!the!populace!was!thronging!around!him,!the!men!were!clustered!about!him,!and!kissed!his!feet!as!if!he!were!a!little!baby(!).!Suddenly!a!handsome!young!man!...!For!Ishara!the!bed!of!night(?)/marriage(?)!is!ready,!for!Gilgamesh!as!for!a!god!a!counterpart(!)!is!set!up.!Enkidu!blocked!the!entry!to!the!marital!chamber,!and!would!not!allow!Gilgamreh!to!be!brought!in.!They!grappled!with!each!other!at!the!entry!to!the!marital!chamber,!in!the!street!they!attacked!each!other,!the!public!square!of!the!land.!The!doorposts!trembled!and!the!wall!shook,!![About!42!lines!are!missing!from!the!Standard!Version;!lines!103O129!are!taken!from!the!Old!Babylonian!version.]!!Gilgamesh!bent!his!knees,!with!his!other!foot!on!the!ground,!his!anger!abated!and!he!turned!his!chest!away.!After!he!turned!his!chest!Enkidu!said!to!Gilgamesh:!!"Your!mother!bore!you!ever!unique(!),!!the!Wild!Cow!of!the!Enclosure,!Ninsun,!!your!head!is!elevated!over!(other)!men,!!Enlil!has!destined!for!you!the!kingship!over!the!people."![19!lines!are!missing!here.]!!!They!kissed!each!other!and!became!friends.![The!Old!Babylonian!becomes!fragmentary.!The!Standard!Version!resumes]!!"His!strength!is!the!mightiest!in!the!land!!!His!strength!is!as!mighty!as!the!meteorite(?)!of!Anu,!The!mother!of!Gilgamesh!spoke!to!Gilgamesh,!saying;!RimatONinsun!said!to!her!son:!!"(I!),!RimarONinsun...!!My!son...!!Plaintively!...!!She!went!up!into!his!(Shamash's)!gateway,!plaintively!she!implored!...:!!"Enkidu!has!no!father!or!mother,! !10!!his!shaggy!hair!no!one!cuts.!!He!was!born!in!the!wilderness,!no!one!raised!him."!Enkidu!was!standing!there,!and!heard!the!speech.!He!...!and!sat!down!and!wept,!his!eyes!filled!with!tears,!his!arms!felt!limp,!his!strength!weakened.!They!took!each!other!by!the!hand,!and..,!their!hands!like!...!!Enkidu!made!a!declaration!to!(Gilgamesh').![32!lines!are!missing!here.]!!"in!order!to!protect!the!Cedar!Forest!!Enlil!assigned!(Humbaba)!as!a!terror!to!human!beings,!!Humbaba's!roar!is!a!Flood,!his!mouth!is!Fire,!and!his!breath!is!Death!!!He!can!hear!100!leagues!away!any!rustling(?)!in!his!forest!!!Who!would!go!down!into!his!forest!!!Enlil!assigned!him!as!a!terror!to!human!beings,!!and!whoever!goes!down!into!his!forest!paralysis(?)!will!strike!"!Gilgamesh!spoke!to!Enkidu!saying:!!"What!you!say!..!."![About!42!lines!are!missing!here!in!the!Standard!Version;!lines!228O249!are!taken!from!the!Old!Babylonian.]!!"Who,!my!Friend,!can!ascend!to!the!heavens!"!!(Only)!the!gods!can!dwell!forever!with!Shamash.!!As!for!human!beings,!their!days!are!numbered,!!and!whatever!they!keep!trying!to!achieve!is!but!wind!!!Now!you!are!afraid!of!deathOO!!what!has!become!of!your!bold!strength!!!I!will!go!in!front!of!you,!!and!your!mouth!can!call!out:!'Go!on!closer,!do!not!be!afraid!'!!Should!I!fall,!I!will!have!established!my!fame.!!(They!will!say:)'It!was!Gilgamesh!who!locked!in!battle!with!Humbaba!the!Terrible!'!!You!were!born!and!raised!in!the!wilderness,!!a!lion!leaped!up!on!you,!so!you!have!experienced!it!all!'![5!lines!are!fragmentary]!!I!will!undertake!it!and!I!will!cut!down!the!Cedar.!!It!is!I!who!will!establish!fame!for!eternity!!!Come,!my!friend,!I!will!go!over!to!the!forge!!and!have!them!cast!the!weapons!in!our!presence!"!Holding!each!other!by!the!hand!they!went!over!to!the!forge.![The!Standard!Version!resumes!at!this!point.]!The!craftsmen!sat!and!discussed!with!one!another.!!"We!should!fashion!the!axe...!!The!hatchet!should!he!one!talent!in!weight!...!!Their!swords!should!be!one!talent...! !11!!Their!armor!one!talent,!their!armor!..."!Gilgamesh!said!to!the!men!of!Uruk:!!"Listen!to!me,!men...![5!lines!are!missing!here.!You,!men!of!Uruk,!who!know!...!!I!want!to!make!myself!more!mighty,!and!will!go!on!a!distant(!)!journey!!!I!will!face!fighting!such!as!I!have!never!known,!!I!will!set!out!on!a!road!I!have!never!traveled!!!Give!me!your!blessings!!...!!I!will!enter!the!city!gate!of!Uruk!...!!I!will!devote(?)!myself!to!the!New!Year's!Festival.!!I!will!perform!the!New!Year's!(ceremonies)!in...!!The!New!Year's!Festival!will!take!place,!celebrations!...!!They!will!keep!shouting!'Hurrah!'!in...""!Enkidu!spoke!to!the!Elders:!!"What!the!men!of!Uruk...!Say!to!him!that!he!must!nor!go!to!the!Cedar!ForestOO!the!journey!is!not!to!be!made!!A!man!who...!The!Guardian!of!the!Cedar!Forest!...!The!Noble!Counselors!of!Uruk!arose!and!!delivered!their!advice!toGilgamesh:!"You!are!young,!Gilgamesh,!your!heart!carries!you!off!you!do!not!know!what!you!are!talking!about!!...gave!birth!to!you.!Humbaba's!roar!is!a!Flood,!his!mouth!is!Fire,!his!breath!Death!!He!can!hear!any!rustling(!)!in!his!forest!100!leagues!away!!Who!would!go!down!into!his!forest!!Who!among!(even!)!the!Igigi!gods!can!confront!him?!In!order!to!keep!the!Cedar!safe,!Enlil!assigned!him!as!a!terror!to!human!beings."!Gilgamesh!listened!to!the!statement!of!his!Noble!Counselors.![About!5!lines!are!missing!to!the!end!of!Tablet!II.]!!!Tablet$III$!The!Elders!spoke!to!Gilgamesh,!saying:!!"Gilgamesh,!do!not!put!your!trust!in!(just)!your!vast!strength,!!but!keep!a!sharp!eye!out,!make!each!blow!strike!in!mark!!!'The!one!who!goes!on!ahead!saves!the!comrade."!!'The!one!who!knows!the!route!protects!his!friend.'!!Let!Enkidu!go!ahead!of!you;!!he!knows!the!road!to!the!Cedar!Forest,!!he!has!seen!fighting,!has!experienced!battle.! !12!!Enkidu!will!protect!the!friend,!will!keep!the!comrade!safe.!!Let!his!body!urge!him!back!to!the!wives!())."!!"in!our!Assembly!we!have!entrusted!the!King!to!you!(Enkidu),!!and!on!your!return!you!must!entrust!the!King!back!to!us!"!Gilgamesh!spoke!to!Enkidu,!saying:!!"Come!on,!my!friend,!let!us!go!to!the!Egalmah!Temple,!!to!Ninsun,!the!Great!Queen;!!Ninsun!is!wise,!allOknowing.!!She!will!put!the!advisable!path!at!our!feet."!Taking!each!other!by!the!hand,!Gilgamesh!and!Enkidu!walked!to!the!Egalmah!("Great!Palace"),!to!Ninsun,!the!Great!Queen.!Gilgamesh!arose!and!went!to!her.!!"Ninsun,!(even!though)!I!am!extraordinarily!strong!(!)...!!I!must!now!travel!a!long!way!to!where!Humbaba!is,!!I!must!face!fighting!such!as!I!have!not!known,!!and!I!must!travel!on!a!road!that!I!do!not!know!!!Until!the!time!that!I!go!and!return,!!until!I!reach!the!Cedar!Forest,!!until!I!kill!Humbaba!the!Terrible,!!and!eradicate!from!the!land!something!baneful!that!Shamash!hates,!!intercede!with!Shamash!on!my!behalf'!(!)!!If!I!kill!Humbaba!and!cut!his!Cedar!!let!there!be!rejoicing!all!over!the!land!,!!and!I!will!erect!a!monument!of!the!victory!(?)!before!you!"!!The...!words!of!Gilgamesh,!her!son,!grieving,!Queen!Ninsun!heard!over!and!over.!Ninsun!went!into!her!living!quarters.!She!washed!herself!with!the!purity!plant,!she!donned!a!robe!worthy!of!her!body,!she!donned!jewels!worthy!of!her!chest,!she!donned!her!sash,!and!put!on!her!crown.!She!sprinkled!water!from!a!bowl!onto!the!ground.!She...!and!went!up!to!the!roof.!She!went!up!to!the!roof!and!set!incense!in!front!of!Shamash,!.I!she!offered!fragrant!cuttings,!and!raised!her!arms!to!Shamash.!!"Why!have!you!imposedOOnay,!inflicted!OOa!restless!heart!on!!my!son,!Gilgamesh!!!Now!you!have!touched!him!so!that!he!wants!to!travel!!a!long!way!to!where!Humbaba!is!!!He!will!face!fighting!such!as!he!has!not!known,!!and!will!travel!on!a!road!that!he!does!not!know!!!Until!he!goes!away!and!returns,!!until!he!reaches!the!Cedar!Forest,!!until!he!kills!Humbaba!the!Terrible,!!and!eradicates!from!the!land!something!baneful!that!you!hate,! !13!!on!the!day!that!you!see!him!on!the!road(?)!!may!Aja,!the!Bride,!without!fear!remind!you,!!and!command!also!the!Watchmen!of!the!Night,!!the!stars,!and!at!night!your!father,!Sin."!_________________!She!banked!up!the!incense!and!uttered!the!ritual!words.'!She!called!to!Enkidu!and!would!give!him!instructions:!!"Enkidu!the!Mighty,!you!are!not!of!my!womb,!!but!now!I!speak!to!you!along!with!the!sacred!votaries!of!Gilgamesh,!!the!high!priestesses,!the!holy!women,!the!temple!servers."!She!laid!a!pendant(?)!on!Enkidu's!neck,!the!highOpriestesses!took...!and!the!"daughtersOofOtheOgods"!...!!"I!have!taken!...!Enkidu...!!Enkidu!to...!Gilgamesh!I!have!taken."!!"Until!he!goes!and!returns,!!until!he!reaches!the!Cedar!Forest,!!be!it!a!month!...!!be!it!a!year..!."![About!11!lines!are!missing!here,!and!the!placement!of!the!following!fragment!is!uncertain.]!...!the!gate!of!cedar...!Enkidu!...!in!the!Temple!of!Shamash,!(and)!Gilgamesh!in!the!Egalmah.!He!made!an!offering!of!cuttings!...!...!the!sons!of!the!king(!)!...![Perhaps!some!60!lines!are!missing!here.]!!"Enkidu!will!protect!the!friend,!will!keep!the!comrade!safe,!!Let!his!body!urge!him!back!to!the!wives!(?).!!In!our!Assembly!we!have!entrusted!the!King!to!you,!!and!on!your!return!you!must!entrust!the!King!back!to!us!"!Enkidu!spoke!to!Gilgamesh!saying:!!"My!Friend,!turn!back!...!!The!road..."![The!last!lines!are!missing.]!!!Tablet$IV$!At!twenty!leagues!they!broke!for!some!food,!at!thirty!leagues!they!stopped!for!the!night,!walking!Fifty!leagues!in!a!whole!day,!a!walk!of!a!month!and!a!half.!On!the!third!day!they!drew!near!to!the!Lebanon.!They!dug!a!well!facing!Shamash!(the!setting!sun),!Gilgamesh!climbed!up!a!mountain!peak,! !14!made!a!libation!of!flour,!and!said:!"Mountain,!bring!me!a!dream,!a!favorable!message!from!Shamash."!Enkidu!prepared!a!sleeping!place!for!him!for!the!night;!a!violent!wind!passed!through!so!he!attached!a!covering.!He!made!him!lie!down,!and...!in!a!circle.!they...!like!grain!from!the!mountain...!While!Gilgamesh!rested!his!chin!on!his!knees,!sleep!that!pours!over!mankind!overtook!him.!in!the!middle!of!the!night!his!sleep!came!to!an!end,!so!he!got!up!and!said!to!his!friend:!"My!friend,!did!you!not!call!out!to!me?!Why!did!I!wake!up?!Did!you!not!touch!me?!Why!am!I!so!disturbed?!Did!a!god!pass!by?!Why!are!my!muscles!trembling?!Enkidu,!my!friend,!I!have!had!a!dreamOO!and!the!dream!I!had!was!deeply!disturbing(?)!in!the!mountain!gorges...!the!mountain!fell!down!on!me!(us?)!...!Wet(?)...!like!flies(?)...!He!who!was!born!in!the!wilderness,!!Enkidu,!interpreted!the!dream!for!his!friend:!"My!friend,!your!dream!is!favorable.!The!dream!is!extremely!important.!My!friend,!the!mountain!which!you!saw!in!the!dream!is!Humbaba.!"It!means!we!will!capture!Humbaba,!and!kill!him!and!throw!his!corpse!into!the!wasteland.!In!the!morning!there!will!be!a!favorable!message!from!Shamash.!At!twenty!leagues!they!broke!for!some!food,!at!thirty!leagues!they!stopped!for!the!night,!walking!fifty!leagues!in!a!whole!day,!a!walk!of!a!month!and!a!half.!They!dug!a!well!facing!Shamash!Gilgamesh!climbed!up!a!mountain!peak,!made!a!libation!of!flour,!and!said,!"Mountain,!bring!me!a!dream,!a!favorable!message!from!Shamash."!Enkidu!prepared!a!sleeping!place!for!him!for!the!night;!a!violent!wind!passed!through!so!he!attached!a!covering.!He!made!him!lie!down,!and...!in!a!circle.!They!...!like!grain!from!the!mountain...!While!Gilgamesh!rested!his!chin!on!his!knees,!sleep!that!pours!over!mankind!overtook!him.!,,!in!the!middle!of!the!night!his!sleep!came!to!an!end,!so!he!got!up!and!said!to!his!friend:! !15!My!friend,!did!you!not!call!out!to!me?!Why!did!I!wake!up?!Did!you!not!touch!me?!Why!am!I!so!disturbed?!Did!a!god!pass!by?!Why!are!my!muscles!trembling?!Enkidu,!my!friend,!I!have!had!a!dream,!besides!my!first!dream,!a!second.!And!the!dream!I!hadOOso!striking,!so...,so!disturbing!'!I!was!grappling!with!a!wild!bull!of!the!wilderness,!with!his!bellow!he!split!the!ground,!a!cloud!of!dust...to!the!sky.!I!sank!to!my!knees!in!front!of!him.!He!holds...!that!encircled(?)!my!arm.!(My?)!tongue(?)!hung!out(?)!...!My!temples!throbbed(?)!...!He!gave!me!water!to!drink!from!his!waterskin."!"My!friend,!the!god!to!whom!we!go!is!not!the!wild!bull?!He!is!totally!different?!The!wild!bull!that!you!saw!is!Shamash,!the!protector,!in!difficulties!he!holds!our!hand.!The!one!who!gave!you!water!to!drink!from!his!waterskin!is!your!personal)!god,!who!brings!honor!to!you,!Lugalbanda.!We!should!join!together!and!do!one!thing,!a!deed!such!as!has!never!(before)!been!done!in!the!land."!!At!twenty!leagues!they!broke!for!some!food,!at!thirty!leagues!they!stopped!for!the!night,!walking!fifty!leagues!in!a!whole!day,!a!walk!of!a!month!and!a!half.!They!dug!a!well!facing!Shamash,!Gilgamesh!climbed!up!a!mountain!peak,!made!a!libation!of!flour,!and!said:!"Mountain,!bring!me!a!dream,!a!favorable!message!from!Shamash."!Enkidu!prepared!a!sleeping!place!for!him!for!the!night;!a!violent!wind!passed!through!so!he!attached!a!covering.!He!made!him!lie!down,!and...!in!a!circle.!They...!like!grain!from!the!mountain...!While!Gilgamesh!rested!his!chin!on!his!knees,!sleep!that!pours!over!mankind!overtook!him.!In!the!middle!of!the!night!his!sleep!came!to!an!end,!so!he!got!up!and!said!to!his!friend:!"My!friend,!did!you!nor!call!out!to!me?!Why!did!I!wake!up?!Did!you!not!touch!me?!Why!am!I!so!disturbed?!Did!a!god!pass!by)!Why!are!my!muscles!trembling?!Enkidu,!my!friend,!I!have!had!a!third!dream,!and!the!dream!I!had!was!deeply!disturbing.!,,!!!!!!!!!The!heavens!roared!and!the!earth!rumbled;!(then)!it!became!deathly!still,!and!darkness!loomed.! !16!A!bolt!of!lightning!cracked!and!a!fire!broke!out,!and!where(?)!it!kept!thickening,!there!rained!death.!Then!the!whiteOhot!name!dimmed,!and!the!fire!went!out,!and!everything!that!had!been!falling!around!turned!to!ash.!Let!us!go!down!into!the!plain!so!we!can!talk!it!over."!,,,!Enkidu!heard!the!dream!that!he!had!presented!and!said!to!Gilgamesh!(About!40!lines!are!missing!here.)!!At!twenty!leagues!they!broke!for!some!food,!at!thirty!leagues!they!stopped!for!the!night,!walking!fifty!leagues!in!a!whole!day,!a!walk!of!a!month!and!a!half.!They!dug!a!well!facing!Shamash,!Gilgamesh!climbed!up!a!mountain!peak,!made!a!libation!of!flour,!and!said:!"Mountain,!bring!me!a!dream,!a!favorable!message!from!Shamash."!Enkidu!prepared!a!sleeping!place!for!him!for!the!night;!a!violent!wind!passed!through!so!he!attached!a!covering.!He!made!him!lie!down,!and...!in!a!circle.!They...!like!grain!from!the!mountain...!While!Gilgamesh!rested!his!chin!on!his!knees,!sleep!that!pours!over!mankind!overtook!him.!in!the!middle!of!the!night!his!sleep!came!to!an!end,!so!he!got!up!and!said!to!his!friend:!"My!friend,!did!you!not!call!out!to!me?!Why!did!I!wake!up?!Did!you!nor!touch!me?!Why!am!I!so!disturbed?!Did!a!god!pass!by?!Why!are!my!muscles!trembling)!Enkidu,!my!friend,!I!have!had!a!fourth!dream,!and!the!dream!I!had!was!deeply!disturbing!(?).!(About!11!lines!are!missing)!"He!was...!cubits!tall...!...!Gilgamesh!Enkidu!listened!to!his!dream!"The!dream!that!you!had!is!favorable,!it!is!extremely!important?!My!friend,!this...!Humbaba!Eke...!Before!it!becomes!light...!We!will!achieve!(victory?)!over!him,!Humbaba,!against!whom!we!rage,!we!will..,!and!triumph!over!him.!In!the!morning!there!will!be!a!favorable!message!from!Shamash.!At!twenty!leagues!they!broke!for!some!food,!at!thirty!leagues!they!stopped!for!the!night,!walking!fifty!leagues!in!a!whole!day,!a!walk!of!a!month!and!a!half.!They!dug!a!well!facing!Shamash,!Gilgamesh!climbed!up!a!mountain!peak,!made!a!libation!of!flour,!and!said:!"Mountain,!bring!me!a!dream,!a!favorable!message!from! !17!Shamash."!Enkidu!prepared!a!sleeping!place!for!him!for!the!night;!a!violent!wind!passed!through!so!he!attached!a!covering.!He!made!him!lie!down,!and...!in!a!circle.!They...!like!grain!from!the!mountain!...!While!Gilgamerh!rested!his!chin!on!his!knees,!sleep!that!pours!over!mankind!overtook!him.!,,!in!the!middle!of!the!night!his!sleep!came!to!an!end,!so!he!got!up!and!said!to!his!friend:!"My!friend,!did!you!not!call!out!to!me?!Why!did!I!wake!up?!Did!you!not!touch!me?!Why!am!I!so!disturbed?!Did!a!god!pass!by?!Why!are!my!muscles!trembling?!Enkidu,!my!friend,!I!had!a!fifth(?)!dream,!and!the!dream!I!had!was!deeply!disturbing!(?).!...His!tears!were!running!in!the!presence!of!Shamash.!'What!you!said!in!Uruk...,!be!mindful!of!it,!stand!by!me...!?"!Gilgamesh,!the!offspring!of!UrukOHaven,!Shamash!heard!what!issued!from!his!mouth,!and!suddenly!there!resounded!a!warning!sound!from!the!sky.!"Hurry,!stand!by!him!so!that!he!(Humbaba)!does!nor!enter!the!forest,!and!does!not!go!down!into!the!thickets!and!hide!(?)!He!has!not!put!on!his!seven!coats!of!armor(?)!he!is!wearing!only!one,!but!has!taken!off!six."!,,,!They(Gilgamesh!and!Enkidu!')...!They!lunge!at!each!other!like!raging!wild!bulls...!One!name!he!bellowed!full!of...!The!Guardian!of!the!Forest!bellowed!...Humbaha!like...!..."'One!alone!cannot!'Strangers!...!'A!slippery!path!is!not!feared!by!two!people!who!help!each!other.'!'Twice!three!times...!'A!threeOply!rope!cannot!be!cut.'!'The!mighty!lioness!cubs!can!roll!him!over."'!Enkidu!spoke!to!Gilgamesh,!saying:!"As!soon!as!we!have!gone!down!into!the!Cedar!Forest,!let!us!split!open!the!tree!(?)!and!strip!off!its!branches(?)."!Gilgamesh!spoke!to!Enkidu,!saying:!"Why,!my!friend,!we...so!wretchedly!(?)!We!have!crossed!over!all!the!mountarns!together,!in!front!of!us,!before!we!have!cut!down!the!Cedar.!My!friend,!you!who!are!so!experienced!in!battle,!who...!fighting,!you...'!and!(need)!not!fear!death.!Let!your!voice!bellow!forth!like!the!kettledrum,!let!the!stiffness!in!your!arms!depart,!let!the!paralysis!in!your!legs!go!away.! !18!Take!my!hand,!my!friend,!we!will!go!on!together.!Your!heart!should!burn!to!do!battle!OOpay!no!heed!to!death,!do!not!lose!heart!!The!one!who!watches!from!the!side!is!a!careful!man,!but!the!one!who!walks!in!front!protects!himself!and!saves!his!comrade,!and!through!their!fighting!they!establish!fame'"!As!the!two!of!them!reached!the!evergreen!forest!they!cut!off!their!talk,!and!stood!still.!!!Tablet$V$!...!They!stood!at!the!forest's!edge,!gazing!at!the!top!of!the!Cedar!Tree,!gazing!at!the!entrance!to!the!forest.!Where!Humbaba!would!walk!there!was!a!trail,!the!roads!led!straight!on,!the!path!was!excellent.!Then!they!saw!the!Cedar!Mountain,!the!Dwelling!of!the!Gods,!the!throne!dais!of!Imini.!Across!the!face!of!the!mountain!the!Cedar!brought!forth!luxurious!foliage,!its!shade!was!good,!extremely!pleasant.!The!thornbushes!were!matted!together,!the!woods(?)!were!a!thicket!...!among!the!Cedars,...!the!boxwood,!the!forest!was!surrounded!by!a!ravine!two!leagues!long,!...!and!again!for!twoOthirds!(of!that!distance),!...Suddenly!the!swords...,!and!after!the!sheaths!...,!the!axes!were!smeared...!dagger!and!sword...!alone!...!Humbaba!spoke!to!Gilgamesh!saying:"He!does!not!come!(?)!...!...!Enlil..!."!Enkidu!spoke!to!Humbaba,!saying:!"Humbaba...'One!alone..!'Strangers!...!'A!slippery!path!is!not!feared!by!two!people!who!help!each!other.!'Twice!three!times...!'A!threeOply!rope!cannot!be!cut.!'The!mighty!lionOOtwo!cubs!can!roll!him!over."'!...!Humbaba!spoke!to!Gilgamesh,!saying:!..An!idiot'!and!a!moron!should!give!advice!to!each!other,!but!you,!Gilgamesh,!why!have!you!come!to!me!! !19!Give!advice,!Enkidu,!you!'son!of!a!fish,'!who!does!not!even!know!his!own!father,!to!the!large!and!small!turtles!which!do!not!suck!their!mother's!milk!!When!you!were!still!young!I!saw!you!but!did!not!go!over!to!you;!...!you,...!in!my!belly.!...,you!have!brought!Gilgamesh!into!my!presence,!...!you!stand..,!an!enemy,!a!stranger.!...!Gilgamesh,!throat!and!neck,!I!would!feed!your!flesh!to!the!screeching!vulture,!the!eagle,!and!the!vulture!"!Gilgamerh!spoke!to!Enkidu,!saying:!"My!Friend,!Humbaba's!face!keeps!changing!ยท!Enkidu!spoke!to!Gilgamesh,!saying:'!"Why,!my!friend,!are!you!whining!so!pitiably,!hiding!behind!your!whimpering?!Now!there,!my!friend,...!in!the!coppersmith's!channel!...,!again!to!blow!(the!bellows)!for!an!hour,!the!glowing!(metal)(?)!...for!an!hour.!To!send!the!Flood,!to!crack!the!Whip."!Do!not!snatch!your!feet!away,!do!not!turn!your!back,!...!strike!even!harder!"!!...!may!they!be!expelled....!head!fell!...!and!it/he!confronted!him...!The!ground!split!open!with!the!heels!of!their!feet,!as!they!whirled!around!in!circles!Mt.!Hermon!and!Lebanon!split.!The!white!clouds!darkened,!death!rained!down!on!them!like!fog.!Shamash!raised!up!against!Humbaba!mighty!tempests'OO!Southwind,!Northwind,!Eastwind,!Westwind,!Whistling!Wind,!Piercing!Wind,!Blizzard,!Bad!Wind,!Wind!of!Simurru,!Demon!Wind,!Ice!Wind,!Storm,!SandstormOO!thirteen!winds!rose!up!against!him!and!covered!Humbaba's!face.!He!could!nor!butt!through!the!front,!and!could!not!scramble!out!the!back,!so!that!Gilgamesh'a!weapons!were!in!reach!of!Humbaba.!Humbaba!begged!for!his!life,!saying!to!Gilgamesh:!"You!are!young!yet,!Gilgamesh,!your!mother!gave!birth!to!you,!and!you!are!the!offspring!of!RimntONlnsun!(?)!...!(It!was)!at!the!word!of!Shamash,!Lord!of!the!Mountain,!that!you!were!roused!(to!this!expedition).!O!scion!of!the!heart!of!Uruk,!King!Gilgamesh!!...!Gilgamesh...!Gilgamesh,!let!me!go!(?),!I!will!dwell!with!you!as!your!servant!(?)!As!many!trees!as!you!command!me!I!will!cut!down!for!you,!I!will!guard!for!you!myrtle!wood...,!wood!fine!enough!for!your!palace!"!Enkidu!addressed!Gilgamesh,!saying:!"My!friend,!do!not!listen!to!Humbaba,! !20![io!lines!are!misring!Apparently!Humbaba!sees!thar!Gilgamrsh!is!influenced!by!Enkidu,!and!moves!to!dissuade!Enkidu.]!"You!understand!the!rules!of!my!forest,!the!rules...,!further,!you!are!aware!of!all!the!things!so!ordered!(by!Enlil)."!I!should!have!carried!you!up,!and!killed!you!!at!the!very!entrance!to!the!branches!of!my!forest.!I!should!have!fed!your!flesh!to!the!screeching!vulture,!the!eagle,!and!the!vulture.!So!now,!Enkidu,!clemency!is!up!to!you.!Speak!to!Gilgamesh!to!spare!my!life!"!Enkidu!addressed!Gilgamesh,!saying:!My!friend,!Humbaba,!Guardian!of!the!Cedar!Forest,!grind!up,!kill,!pulverize(?),!and!destroy!him!!Humbaba,!Guardian!of!the!Forest,!grind!up,!kill,!pulverize(?),!and!destroy!him!!Before!the!Preeminent!God!Enlil!hears...!and!the!...gods!be!filled!with!rage!against!us.!Enlil!is!in!Nippur,!Shamash!is!in!Sippar.!Erect!an!eternal!monument!proclaiming...!how!Gilgamesh!killed(?)!Humbaba."!When!Humbaba!heard...![Abour!l0!linrs!are!misiing.]!...!the!forest.!and!denunciations(?)!have!been!made.!But!you!are!sitting!there!like!a!shepherd...!and!like!a!'hireling!of!his!mouth.'!Now,!Enkidu,!clemency!is!up!to!you.!Speak!to!Gilgamesh!that!he!spare!my!life!"!Enkidu!spoke!to!Gilgamesh,!saying:!"My!friend,!Humbaba,!Guardian!of!the!Forest,!grind!up,!kill,!pulverize(?),!and!destroy!him!!Before!the!Preeminent!God!Enlil!hears,!and!the!...!gods!are!full!of!rage!at!us.!Enlil!is!in!Nippur,!Shamash!is!in!Sippar.!Erect!an!eternal!monument!proclaiming...!how!Gilgamesh!killed(?)!Humbaba."!Humbaba!heard!...![About!10!lines!are!missing.]!"May!he!not!live!the!longer!of!the!two,!may!Enkidu!not!have!any!'share'(?)!more!than!his!friend!Gilgamesh!"!Enkidu!spoke!to!Gilgamesh,!saying:!"My!friend,!1!have!been!talking!to!you!but!you!have!not!been!listening!to!me,"!You!have!been!listening!to!the!curse!of!Humbaba!"!...!his!friend! !21!...!by!his!side!..!they!pulled!out!his!insides!including!his!tongue.!...!he!jumped(?).!...abundance!fell!over!the!mountain,!...abundance!fell!over!the!mountain.!They!cut!through!the!Cedar,!While!Gilgamesh!cuts!down!the!trees,!Enkidu!searches!through!the!urmazallu.!Enkidu!addressed!Gilgamesh,!saying:!"My!friend,!we!have!cut!down!the!towering!Cedar!whose!top!scrapes!the!sky.!Make!from!it!a!door!72!cubits!high,!24!cubits!wide,!one!cubit!thick,!its!fixture,!its!lower!and!upper!pivots!will!be!out!of!one!piece.!Let!them!carry!it!to!Nippur,!the!Euphrates!will!carry!it!down,!Nippur!will!rejoice.!..."!They!tied!together!a!raft...!Enkidu!steered!it...!while!Gilgamesh!held!the!head!of!Humbaba.!!!Tablet$VI$!He!washed!out!his!marred!hair!and!cleaned!up!his!equipment(?),!!shaking!out!his!locks!down!over!his!back,!throwing!off!his!dirty!clothes!and!putting!on!clean!ones.!He!wrapped!himself!in!regal!garments!and!fastened!the!sash.!When!Gilgamesh!placed!his!crown!on!his!head,!a!princess!Ishtar!raised!her!eyes!to!the!beauty!of!Gilgamesh.!"Come!along,!Gilgamesh,!be!you!my!husband,!to!me!grant!your!lusciousness.'!Be!you!my!husband,!and!I!will!be!your!wife.!I!will!have!harnessed!for!you!a!chariot!of!lapis!lazuli!and!gold,!with!wheels!of!gold!and!'horns'!of!electrum(?).!It!will!he!harnessed!with!great!storming!mountain!mules!!Come!into!our!house,!with!the!fragrance!of!cedar.!And!when!you!come!into!our!house!the!doorpost(?)!and!throne!dais(?)'will!kiss!your!feet.!Bowed!down!beneath!you!will!be!kings,!lords,!and!princes.!The!Lullubu!people'!will!bring!you!the!produce!of!the!mountains!and!countryside!as!tribute.!Your!sheOgoats!will!bear!triplets,!your!ewes!twins,!your!donkey!under!burden!will!overtake!the!mule,!your!steed!at!the!chariot!will!be!bristling!to!gallop,!your!ax!at!the!yoke!will!have!no!match."!Gilgamesh!addressed!Princess!Ishtar!saying:!"What!would!I!have!to!give!you!if!I!married!you!! !22!Do!you!need!oil!or!garments!for!your!body!!Do!you!lack!anything!for!food!or!drink!!I!would!gladly!feed!you!food!fit!for!a!god,!I!would!gladly!give!you!wine!fit!for!a!king,!...!may!the!street(?)!be!your!home(?),!may!you!be!clothed!in!a!garment,!and!may!any!lusting!man!(?)!marry!you!!...an!oven!who...!ice,!a!halfOdoor!that!keeps!out!neither!breeze!nor!blast,!a!palace!that!crushes!down!valiant!warriors,!an!elephant!who!devours!its!own!covering,!pitch!that!blackens!the!hands!of!its!bearer,!a!waterskin!that!soaks!its!bearer!through,!limestone!that!buckles!out!the!stone!wall,!a!battering!ram!that!attracts!the!enemy!land,!a!shoe!that!bites!its!owner's!feet!!Where!are!your!bridegrooms!that!you!keep!forever'!Where!is!your!'Little!Shepherd'!bird!that!went!up!over!you!!See!here!now,!I!will!recite!the!list!of!your!lovers.!Of!the!shoulder!(?)!!...!his!hand,!Tammuz,!the!lover!of!your!earliest!youth,!for!him!you!have!ordained!lamentations!year!upon!year!!You!loved!the!colorful!'Little!Shepherd'!bird!and!then!hit!him,!breaking!his!wing,!so!now!he!stands!in!the!forest!crying!'My!Wing'!!You!loved!the!supremely!mighty!lion,!yet!you!dug!for!him!seven!and!again!seven!pits.!You!loved!the!stallion,!famed!in!battle,!yet!you!ordained!for!him!the!whip,!the!goad,!and!the!lash,!ordained!for!him!to!gallop!for!seven!and!seven!hours,!ordained!for!him!drinking!from!muddled!waters,'!you!ordained!far!his!mother!Silili!to!wail!continually.!You!loved!the!Shepherd,!the!Master!Herder,!who!continually!presented!you!with!bread!baked!in!embers,!!and!who!daily!slaughtered!for!you!a!kid.!Yet!you!struck!him,!and!turned!him!into!a!wolf,!so!his!own!shepherds!now!chase!him!and!his!own!dogs!snap!at!his!shins.!You!loved!Ishullanu,!your!father's!date!gardener,!who!continually!brought!you!baskets!of!dates,!and!brightened!your!table!daily.!You!raised!your!eyes!to!him,!and!you!went!to!him:!'Oh!my!Ishullanu,!let!us!taste!of!your!strength,!stretch!out!your!hand!to!me,!and!touch!our!vulva.!Ishullanu!said!to!you:!'Me!!What!is!it!you!want!from!me!!Has!my!mother!not!baked,!and!have!I!not!eaten!that!I!should!now!eat!food!under!contempt!and!curses! !23!and!that!alfalfa!grass!should!be!my!only!cover!against!the!cold?!As!you!listened!to!these!his!words!you!struck!him,!turning!him!into!a!dwarf(?),!and!made!him!live!in!the!middle!of!his!(garden!of)!labors,!where!the!mihhu!do!not!go!up,!nor!the!bucket!of!dates!(?)!down.!And!now!me!!It!is!me!you!love,!and!you!will!ordain!for!me!as!for!them!"!When!Ishtar!heard!this,!in!a!fury!she!went!up!to!the!heavens,!going!to!Anu,!her!father,!and!crying,!going!to!Anrum,!her!mother,!and!weeping:!"Father,!Gilgamesh!has!insulted!me!over!and!over,!Gilgamesh!has!recounted!despicable!deeds!about!me,!despicable!deeds!and!curses!"!Anu!addressed!Princess!Ishtar,!saying:!"What!is!the!matter?!Was!it!not!you!who!provoked!King!Gilgamesh?!So!Gilgamesh!recounted!despicable!deeds!about!you,!despicable!deeds!and!curses!"!Ishtar!spoke!to!her!father,!Anu,!saying:!"Father,!give!me!the!Bull!of!Heaven,!so!he!can!kill!Gilgamesh!in!his!dwelling.!If!you!do!not!give!me!the!Bull!of!Heaven,!I!will!knock!down!the!Gates!of!the!Netherworld,!I!will!smash!the!door!posts,!and!leave!the!doors!flat!down,!and!will!let!the!dead!go!up!to!eat!the!living!!And!the!dead!will!outnumber!the!living!"!Anu!addressed!princess!Ishtar,!saying:!"If!you!demand!the!Bull!of!Heaven!from!me,!there!will!be!seven!years!of!empty!husks!for!the!land!of!Uruk.!Have!you!collected!grain!for!the!people!!Have!you!made!grasses!grow!for!the!animals?"!Ishtar!addressed!Anu,!her!father,!saying:!"I!have!heaped!grain!in!the!granaries!for!the!people,!I!made!grasses!grow!for!the!animals,!in!order!that!they!might!eat!in!the!seven!years!of!empty!husks.!I!have!collected!grain!for!the!people,!I!have!made!grasses!grow!for!the!animals."!When!Anu!heard!her!words,!he!placed!the!noserope!of!the!Bull!of!Heaven!in!her!hand.!!Ishtar!led!the!Bull!of!Heaven!down!to!the!earth.!When!it!reached!Uruk!It!climbed!down!to!the!Euphrates...!At!the!snort!of!the!Bull!of!Heaven!a!huge!pit!opened!up,!and!100!Young!Men!of!Uruk!fell!in.!At!his!second!snort!a!huge!pit!opened!up,!and!200!Young!Men!of!Uruk!fell!in.!At!his!third!snort!a!huge!pit!opened!up,! !24!and!Enkidu!fell!in!up!to!his!waist.!Then!Enkidu!jumped!out!and!seized!the!Bull!of!Heaven!by!its!horns.!the!Bull!spewed!his!spittle!in!front!of!him,!with!his!thick!tail!he!flung!his!dung!behind!him!(?).!Enkidu!addressed!Gilgamesh,!saying:!"My!friend,!we!can!be!bold(?)!...!How!shall!we!respond...!My!friend,!I!saw...!And!my!strength...!I!will!rip!out...!I!and!you,!we!must!share!(?)!I!shall!grasp!the!Bull!I!will!fill!my!hands!(?)!..!In!front...!...!between!the!nape,!the!horns,!and...!thrust!your!sword."!Enkidu!stalked!and!hunted!down!the!Bull!of!Heaven.!He!grasped!it!by!the!thick!of!its!tail!and!held!onto!it!with!both!his!hands!(?),!while!Gilgamesh,!like!an!expert!butcher,!boldly!and!surely!approached!the!Bull!of!Heaven.!Between!the!nape,!the!horns,!and...!he!thrust!his!sword.!After!they!had!killed!the!Bull!of!Heaven,!they!ripped!out!its!heart!and!presented!it!to!Shamash.!They!withdrew!bowing!down!humbly!to!Shamash.!Then!the!brothers!sat!down!together.!Ishtar!went!up!onto!the!top!of!the!Wall!of!UrukOHaven,!cast!herself!into!the!pose!of!mourning,!and!hurled!her!woeful!curse:!"Woe!unto!Gilgamesh!who!slandered!me!and!killed!the!Bull!of!Heaven!"!When!Enkidu!heard!this!pronouncement!of!Ishtar,!he!wrenched!off!the!Bull's!hindquarter!and!flung!it!in!her!face:!"If!I!could!only!get!at!you!I!would!do!the!same!to!you!!I!would!drape!his!innards!over!your!arms!"!Ishtar!assembled!the!(cultic!women)!of!lovelyOlocks,!joyOgirls,!and!harlots,!and!set!them!to!mourning!over!the!hindquarter!of!the!Bull.!Gilgamesh!summoned!all!the!artisans!and!craftsmen.!(All)!the!artisans!admired!the!thickness!of!its!horns,!each!fashioned!from!30!minas!of!lapis!lazuli!!Two!fingers!thick!is!their!casing(?).!Six!vats!of!oil!the!contents!of!the!two!he!gave!as!ointment!to!his!(personal)!god!Lugalbanda.!He!brought!the!horns!in!and!hung!them!in!the!bedroom!of!the!family!head!(Lugalbanda?).!They!washed!their!hands!in!the!Euphrates,!and!proceeded!hand!in!hand,! !25!striding!through!the!streets!of!Uruk.!The!men!of!Uruk!gathered!together,!staring!at!them.!Gilgamesh!said!to!the!palace!retainers:!"Who!is!the!bravest!of!the!men)!Who!is!the!boldest!of!the!males!!Gilgamesh!is!the!bravest!of!the!men,!the!boldest!of!the!males!!She!at!whom!we!flung!the!hindquarter!of!the!Bull!of!Heaven!in!anger,!Ishtar!has!no!one!that!pleases!her...!in!the!street!(?)!Gilgamesh!held!a!celebration!in!his!palace.!The!Young!Men!dozed!off,!sleeping!on!the!couches!of!the!night.!Enkidu!was!sleeping,!and!had!a!dream.!He!woke!up!and!revealed!his!dream!to!his!friend.!!!Tablet$VII$!"My!friend,!why!are!the!Great!Gods!in!conference?!(In!my!dream)!Anu,!Enlil,!and!Shamash!held!a!council,!and!Anu!spoke!to!Enlil:!'Because!they!killed!the!Bull!of!Heaven!and!have!also!slain!Humbaba,!the!one!of!them!who!pulled!up!the!Cedar!of!the!Mountain!must!die!'!Enlil!said:'Let!Enkidu!die,!but!Gilgamesh!must!not!die!'!Bur!the!Sun!God!of!Heavenl!replied!to!valiant!Enlil:!'Was!it!not!at!my!command!that!they!killed!the!Bull!of!Heaven!and!Humbaba!!Should!now!innocent!Enkidu!die!'!Then!Enlil!became!angry!at!Shamash,!saying:!'it!is!you!who!are!responsible!!because!you!traveled!daily!with!them!as!their!friend!"'!Enkidu!was!lying!(sick)!in!front!of!Gilgamesh.!His!tears!flowing!like!canals,!he!(Gilgamesh)!said:!"O!brother,!dear!brother,!why!are!they!absolving!me!instead!of!my!brother)"!Then!Enkidu!said:)!"So!now!must!1!become!a!ghost,!to!sit!with!the!ghosts!of!the!dead,!to!see!my!dear!brother!nevermore!"!In!the!Cedar!Forest!where!the!Great!(Gods!dwell,!I!did!not!kill!the!Cedar."!!Enkidu!addressed!Gilgamesh,!saying!to!Gilgamesh,!his!Friend:!"Come,!Friend,...!The!door...!!Enkidu!raised!his!eyes,...and!spoke!to!the!door!as!if!it!were!human:! !26!"You!stupid!wooden!door,!with!no!ability!to!understand...!!!Already!at!10!leagues!I!selected!the!wood!for!you,!until!I!saw!the!towering!Cedar!...!Your!wood!was!without!compare!in!my!eyes.!SeventyOtwo!cubits!was!your!height,!14!cubits!your!width,!one!cubit!your!thickness,!your!door!post,!pivot!stone,!and!post!cap!...!I!fashioned!you,!and!I!carried!you;!to!Nippur...!Had!I!known,!O!door,!that!this!would!he!your!gratitude!and!this!your!gratitude...,!I!would!have!taken!an!axe!and!chopped!you!up,!and!lashed!your!planks!into...!!!in!its!...!I!erected!the...!and!in!Uruk...they!heard!But!yet,!O!door,!I!fashioned!you,!and!I!carried!you!to!Nippur!!May!a!king!who!comes!after!me!reject!you,!may!the!god...!may!he!remove!my!name!and!set!his!own!name!there!"!He!ripped!out..,!threw!down.!He(Gilgamesh)!kept!listening!to!his!words,!and!retorted!quickly,!Gilgamesh!listened!to!the!words!of!Enkidu,!his!Friend,!and!his!tears!flowed.!Gilgamesh!addressed!Enkidu,!raying:!'Friend,!the!gods!have!given!you!a!mind!!broad!and!...!Though!it!behooves!you!to!be!sensible,!you!keep!uttering!improper!things!!Why,!my!Friend,!does!your!mind!utter!improper!things?!The!dream!is!important!but!very!frightening,!your!lips!are!buzzing!like!flies.!Though!there!is!much!fear,!the!dream!is!very!important.!To!the!living!they!(the!gods)!leave!sorrow,!to!the!living!the!dream!leaves!pain.!I!will!pray,!and!beseech!the!Great!Gods,!I!will!seek...,!and!appeal!to!your!god.!...!Enlil,!the!Father!of!the!Gods,!...Enlil!the!Counselor...you.!I!will!fashion!a!statue!of!you!of!gold!without!measure,!do!nor!worry...,!gold...!What!Enlil!says!is!not...!What!he!has!said!cannot!go!back,!cannot!...,!What...!he!has!laid!down!cannot!go!back,!cannot...!My!friend,...!of!fate!goes!to!mankind."!just!as!dawn!began!to!glow,!Enkidu!raised!his!head!and!cried!out!to!Shamash,!at!the!(first)!gleam!of!the!sun!his!tears!poured!forth.!"I!appeal!to!you,!O!Shamash,!on!behalf!of!my!precious!life!(?),!because!of!that!notorious!trapper!who!did!not!let!me!attain!the!same!as!my!friend!!! !27!May!the!trapper!not!get!enough!to!feed!himself!.!May!his!profit!be!slashed,!and!his!wages!decrease,!may...!be!his!share!before!you,!may!he!not!enter!...!but!go!out!of!it!like!vapor(?)!"!After!he!had!cursed!the!trapper!to!his!satisfaction,!his!heart!prompted!him!to!curse!the!Harlot.!"Come!now,!Harlot,!I!am!going!to!decree!your!fate,!a!fate!that!will!never!come!to!an!end!for!eternity!!I!will!curse!you!with!a!Great!Curse,!may!my!curses!overwhelm!you!suddenly,!in!an!instant!!May!you!not!be!able!to!make!a!household,!and!not!be!able!to!love!a!child!of!your!own!(?)!!May!you!not!dwell!in!the!...!of!girls,!may!dregs!of!beer!(?)!stain!your!beautiful!lap,!may!a!drunk!soil!your!festal!robe!with!vomit(?),!...!the!beautiful!(?)!...!of!the!potter.!May!you!never!acquire!anything!of!bright!alabaster,!may!the!judge.!..!may!shining!silver(?),!man's!delight,!not!be!cast!into!your!house,!may!a!gateway!be!where!you!rake!your!pleasure,'!may!a!crossroad!be!your!home!may!a!wasteland!be!your!sleeping!place,!may!the!shadow!of!the!city!wall!be!your!place!to!stand,!may!the!thorns!and!briars!skin!your!feet,!may!both!the!drunk!and!the!dry!slap!you!on!the!cheek,!...!in!your!city's!streets!(?),!may!owls!nest!in!the!cracks!of!your!walls!!may!no!parties!take!place...!...!present(?).!and!your!filthy!"lap"!...!may..,!be!his(?)!!Because!of!me...!while!I,!blameless,!you!have...!against!me.!When!Shamash!heard!what!his!mouth!had!uttered,!he!suddenly!called!out!to!him!from!the!sky:!"Enkidu,!why!are!you!cursing!the!harlot,!Shamhat,!she!who!fed!you!bread!fit!for!a!god,!she!who!gave!you!wine!fit!for!a!king,!she!who!dressed!you!in!grand!garments,!and!she!who!allowed!you!to!make!beautiful!Gilgamesh!your!comrade!!Now!Gilgamesh!is!your!beloved!brotherOfriend!!He!will!have!you!lie!on!a!grand!couch,!will!have!you!lie!on!a!couch!of!honor.!He!will!seat!you!in!the!seat!of!ease,!the!seat!at!his!left,!so!that!the!princes!of!the!world!kiss!your!feet.! !28!He!will!have!the!people!of!Uruk!go!into!mourning!and!moaning!over!you,!will!fill!the!happy!people!with!woe!over!you.!And!after!you!he!will!let!his!body!bear!a!filthy!mat!of!hair,!will!don!the!skin!of!a!lion!and!roam!the!wilderness."!As!soon!as!Enkidu!heard!the!words!of!valiant!Shamash,!his!agitated!heart!grew!calm,!his!anger!abated.!Enkidu!spoke!to!the!harlot,!saying:!"Come,!Shamhat,!I!will!decree!your!fate!for!you.!Let!my!mouth!which!has!cursed!you,!now!turn!to!bless!you!!May!governors!and!nobles!love!you,!May!he!who!is!one!league!away!bite!his!lip!(in!anticipation!of!you),!may!he!who!is!two!leagues!away!shake!our!his!locks!(in!preparation)!!May!the!soldier!not!refuse!you,!but!undo!his!buckle!for!you,!may!he!give!you!rock!crystal(!),!lapis!lazuli,!and!gold,!may!his!gift!to!you!be!earrings!of!filigree(?).!May...!his!supplies!be!heaped!up.!May!he!bring!you!into!the!...!of!the!gods.!May!the!wife,!the!mother!of!seven!(children),!!be!abandoned!because!of!you!"!Enkidu's!innards!were!churning,!lying!there!so!alone.!He!spoke!everything!he!felt,!saying!to!his!friend:!"Listen,!my!friend,!to!the!dream!that!I!had!last!night.!The!heavens!cried!out!and!the!earth!replied,!and!I!was!standing!between!them.!There!appeared!a!man!of!dark!visageOO!his!face!resembled!the!Anzu,"!his!hands!were!the!paws!of!a!lion,!his!nails!the!talons!of!an!eagle!OO!he!seized!me!by!my!hair!and!overpowered!me.!I!struck!him!a!blow,!but!he!skipped!about!like!a!jump!rope,!and!then!he!struck!me!and!capsizcd!me!like!a!raft,!and!trampled!on!me!like!a!wild!bull.!He!encircled!my!whole!body!in!a!clamp.!'Help!me,!my!friend"!(I!cried),!but!you!did!not!rescue!me,!you!were!afraid!and!did!not..!."!"Then!he...!and!turned!me!into!a!dove,!so!that!my!arms!were!feathered!like!a!bird.!Seizing!me,!he!led!me!down!to!the!House!of!Darkness,!the!dwelling!of!Irkalla,!to!the!house!where!those!who!enter!do!not!come!out,!along!the!road!of!no!return,!to!the!house!where!those!who!dwell,!do!without!light,!where!dirt!is!their!drink,!their!food!is!of!clay,!where,!like!a!bird,!they!wear!garments!of!feathers,!and!light!cannot!be!seen,!they!dwell!in!the!dark,! !29!and!upon!the!door!and!bolt,!there!lies!dust.!On!entering!the!House!of!Dust,!everywhere!I!looked!there!were!royal!crowns!gathered!in!heaps,!everywhere!I!listened,!it!was!the!bearers!of!crowns,!!!who,!in!the!past,!had!ruled!the!land,!but!who!now!served!Anu!and!Enlil!cooked!meats,!served!confections,!and!poured!cool!water!from!waterskins.!In!the!house!of!Dust!that!I!entered!there!sat!the!high!priest!and!acolyte,!there!sat!the!purification!priest!and!ecstatic,!there!sat!the!anointed!priests!of!the!Great!Gods.!There!sat!Etana,!there!sat!Sumukan,!there!sat!Ereshkigal,!the!Queen!of!the!Netherworld.!Beletseri,!the!Scribe!of!the!Netherworld,!knelt!before!her,!she!was!holding!the!tablet!and!was!reading!it!out!to!her!Ereshkigal.!She!raised!her!head!when!she!saw!meOOOO!'Who!has!taken!this!man?'!![50!lines!are!missing!here]!...I!(?)!who!went!through!every!difficulty,!remember!me!and!forget(?)!not!all!that!I!went!through!with!you.!"My!friend!has!had!a!dream!that!bodes!ill?"!The!day!he!had!the!dream!...!came!to!an!end.!Enkidu!lies!down!a!first!day,!a!second!day,!that!Enkidu!...!in!his!bed;!a!third!day!and!fourth!day,!that!Enkidu!...!in!his!bed;!a!fifth,!a!sixth,!and!seventh,!that!Enkidu!...!in!his!bed;!an!eighth,!a!ninth,!a!tenth,!that!Enkidu!...!in!his!bed.!Enkidu's!illness!grew!ever!worse.!Enkidu!drew!up!from!his!bed,!and!called!out!to!Gilgamesh!...:!"My!friend!hates!me!...!while!he!talked!with!me!in!Uruk!as!I!was!afraid!of!the!battle!he!encouraged!me.!My!friend!who!saved!me!in!battle!has!now!abandoned!me!!I!and!you!...!![About!20!lines!are!missing]!!At!his!noises!Gilgamesh!was!roused!...!Like!a!dove!he!moaned!...!"May!he!not!be!held,!in!death!...!O!preeminent!among!men!..."!To!his!friend!...!"I!will!mourn!him!(?)!I!at!his!side!..."! !30!$Tablet$VIII$!Just!as!day!began!to!dawn!Gilgamesh!addressed!his!friend,!saying:!!!!"Enkidu,!your!mother,!the!gazelle,!!!!and!your!father,!the!wild!donkey,!engendered!you,!!!!four!wild!asses!raised!you!on!their!milk,!!!!and!the!herds!taught!you!all!the!grazing!lands.!!!!May!the!Roads!of!Enkidu!to!the!Cedar!Forest!!!!mourn!you!!!!and!not!fall!silent!night!or!day.!!!!May!the!Elders!of!the!broad!city!of!UrukOHaven!!!!mourn!you.!!!!May!the!peoples!who!gave!their!blessing!after!us!!!!mourn!you.!!!!May!the!men!of!the!mountains!and!hills!!!!mourn!you.!!!!May!the...!!!!May!the!pasture!lands!shriek!in!mourning!as!if!it!were!your!mother.!!!!May!the!...,!the!cypress,!and!the!cedar!which!we!destroyed!(?)!in!our!anger!!!!mourn!you.!!!!May!the!bear,!hyena,!panther,!tiger,!water!buffalo(?),!jackal,!!!!lion,!wild!bull,!stag,!ibex,!all!the!creatures!of!the!plains!!!!mourn!you.!!!!May!the!holy!River!Ulaja,!along!whose!banks!we!grandly!used!to!stroll,!!!!mourn!you.!!!!May!the!pure!Euphrates,!to!which!we!would!libate!water!from!our!waterskins,!!!!mourn!you.!!!!May!the!men!of!UrukOHaven,!whom!we!saw!in!our!battle!when!!!!!!!!!!!!!!we!killed!the!Bull!of!Heaven,!!!!mourn!you.!!!!May!the!farmer!...,who!extols!your!name!in!his!sweet!work!song,!!!!mourn!you.!!!!May!the!...!of!the!broad!city,!who!...!exalted!your!name,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!mourn!you.!!!!!May!the!herder!...,!who!prepared!butter!and!light!beer!for!your!mouth,!!!!mourn!you.!!!!!May!...,!who!put!ointments!on!your!back,!!!!mourn!you.!!!!!May!...,!who!prepared!fine!beer!for!your!mouth,!!!!mourn!you.!!!!!May!the!harlot,!...!you!rubbed!yourself!with!oil!and!felt!good,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!mourn!you.!!!!!May!...,...!of!the!wife!placed(!)!a!ring!on!you!...,!!!!mourn!you! !31!!!!!May!the!brothers!go!into!mourning!over!you!like!sisters;!!!!!...!the!lamentation!priests,!may!their!hair!be!shorn!off!on!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!your!behalf.!!!!!Enkidu,!your!mother!and!your!father!are!in!the!wastelands,!!!!!I!mourn!you!..."!!!!!"Hear!me,!O!Elders!of!Uruk,!hear!me,!O!men!!!!!!I!mourn!for!Enkidu,!my!friend,!!!!!I!shriek!in!anguish!like!a!mourner.!!!!!You,!axe!at!my!side,!so!trusty!at!my!handOO!!!!!you,!sword!at!my!waist,!shield!in!front!of!me,!!!!!you,!my!festal!garment,!a!sash!over!my!loinsOO!!!!!an!evil!demon!)!appeared!and!took!him!away!from!me!!!!!!My!friend,!the!swift!mule,!fleet!wild!ass!of!the!mountain,!!!panther!of!the!wilderness,!!!!!Enkidu,!my!friend,!the!swift!mule,!fleet!wild!ass!of!the!mountain,!!!panther!of!the!wilderness,!!!!!after!we!joined!together!and!went!up!into!the!mountain,!!!!!fought!the!Bull!of!Heaven!and!killed!it,!!!!!and!overwhelmed!Humbaba,!who!lived!in!the!Cedar!Forest,!!!!!now!what!is!this!sleep!which!has!seized!you?!!!!!You!have!turned!dark!and!do!not!hear!me!"!But!his!(Enkidu's)!eyes!do!not!move,!!he!touched!his!heart,!but!it!beat!no!longer.!!He!covered!his!friend's!face!like!a!bride,!!swooping!down!over!him!like!an!eagle,!and!like!a!lioness!deprived!of!her!cubs!he!keeps!pacing!to!and!fro.!He!shears!off!his!curls!and!heaps!them!onto!the!ground,!ripping!off!his!finery!and!casting!it!away!as!an!abomination.!Just!as!day!began!to!dawn,!Gilgamesh!...!and!issued!a!call!to!the!land:!!!!!"You,!blacksmith!!You,!lapidary!!You,!coppersmith!!!!!!You,!goldsmith!!You,!jeweler!!!!!!Create!'My!Friend,'!fashion!a!statue!of!him.!!!!!...!he!fashioned!a!statue!of!his!friend.!!!!!His!features!...!!!!!...,your!chest!will!be!of!lapis!lazuli,!your!skin!will!be!of!gold."!![10!lines!are!missing!here.']!!!!!!"I!had!you!recline!on!the!great!couch,!!!!!indeed,!on!the!couch!of!honor!I!let!you!recline,!!!!!1!had!you!sit!in!the!position!of!ease,!the!seat!at!the!left,!so!the!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!princes!of!the!world!kissed!your!feet.!!!!!I!had!the!people!of!Uruk!mourn!and!moan!for!you,!!!!!I!filled!happy!people!with!woe!over!you,! !32!!!!!and!after!you!(died)!I!let!a!filthy!mat!of!hair!grow!over!my!body,!!!!and!donned!the!skin!of!a!lion!and!roamed!the!wilderness."!Just!as!day!began!to!dawn,!he!undid!his!straps!...!I...!carnelian,!!![85!lines!are!missing!here.']!!...to!my!friend.!...!your!dagger!to!Bibbi!..."!![40!lines!are!missing!here.]!!!!!"!...!the!judge!of!the!Anunnaki."!When!Gilgamesh!heard!this!the!zikru!of!the!river(!)!he!created'...!Just!as!day!began!to!dawn!Gilgamesh!opened(!)!...!and!brought!out!a!big!table!of!sissoo!wood.!A!carnelian!bowl!he!filled!with!honey,!a!lapis!lazuli!bowl!he!filled!with!butter.!He!provided!...!and!displayed!it!before!Shamash.!![All!of!the!last!column,!some!40O50!lines,!is!missing.]!!!Tablet$IX$!Over!his!friend,!Enkidu,!Gilgamesh!cried!bitterly,!roaming!the!wilderness.!!!!"I!am!going!to!die!OOam!I!not!like!Enkidu?!!!!!Deep!sadness!penetrates!my!core,!!!!I!fear!death,!and!now!roam!the!wildernessOO!!!!I!will!set!out!to!the!region!of!Utanapishtim,!son!of!Ubartutu,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!and!will!go!with!utmost!dispatch!!!!!When!I!arrived!at!mountain!passes!at!nightfall,'!!!!I!saw!lions,!and!I!was!terrified!!!!!I!raised!my!head!in!prayer!to!Sin,!!!!to!...!the!Great!Lady!of!the!gods!my!supplications!poured!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!forth,!'Save!me!from...!!"'!He!was!sleeping!in!the!night,!but!awoke!with!a!start!with!a!dream:!A!warrior(!)!enjoyed!his!lifeOO!he!raised!his!axe!in!his!hand,!drew!the!dagger!from!his!sheath,!and!fell!into!their!midst!like!an!arrow.!He!struck!...!and!he!scattered!them,!The!name!of!the!former!...! !33!The!name!of!the!second!...!!(26!lines!are!missing!here,!telling!of!the!beginning!of!his!quest.]!!The!ScorpionOBeings!The!mountain!is!called!Mashu.!Then!he!reached!Mount!Mashu,!which!daily!guards!the!rising!and!setting!of!the!Sun,!above!which!only!the!dome!of!the!heavens!reaches,!and!whose!flank!reaches!as!far!as!the!Netherworld!below,!there!were!ScorpionObeings!watching!over!its!gate.!Trembling!terror!they!inspire,!the!sight!of!them!is!death,!their!frightening!aura!sweeps!over!the!mountains.!At!the!rising!and!setting!they!watch!over!the!Sun.!When!Gilgamesh!saw!them,!trembling!terror!blanketed!his!face,!but!he!pulled!himself!together!and!drew!near!to!them.!The!scorpionObeing!called!out!to!his!female:!!!!"He!who!comes!to!us,!his!body!is!the!flesh!of!gods!"!The!scorpionObeing,!his!female,!answered!him:!!!!"(Only)!twoOthirds!of!him!is!a!god,!oneOthird!is!human."!The!male!scorpionObeing!called!out,!saying!to!the!offspring!of!the!gods:!!!!"Why!have!you!traveled!so!distant!a!journey?!!!!Why!have!you!come!here!to!me,!!!!over!rivers!whose!crossing!is!treacherous!!!!!I!want!to!learn!your!...!!!!I!want!to!learn!..."!![16!lines!are!missing!here.!When!the!text!resumes!Gilgamesh!is!speaking.]!!!!!"I!have!come!on!account!of!my!ancestor!Utanapishtim,!!!!who!joined!the!Assembly!of!the!Gods,!and!was!given!eternal!life.!!!!About!Death!and!Life!I!must!ask!him!"!The!scorpionObeing!spoke!to!Gilgamesh!...,!saying:!!!!"Never!has!there!been,!Gilgamesh,!a!mortal!man!who!could!do!that(?).!!!!No!one!has!crossed!through!the!mountains,!!!!for!twelve!leagues!it!is!darkness!throughoutOO!!!!dense!is!the!darkness,!and!light!there!is!none.!To!the!rising!of!the!sun!...!To!the!setting!of!the!sun!...!To!the!setting!of!the!sun!...!They!caused!to!go!out..."!![67!lines!are!missing,!in!which!Gilgamesh!convinces!the!scorpionObeing!to!allow!him!passage.]!! !34!!!!"Though!it!be!in!deep!sadness!and!pain,!!!!in!cold!or!heat!...!!!!gasping!after!breath!...!I!will!go!on!!!!!Now!!Open!the!Gate!"!The!scorpionObeing!spoke!to!Gilgamesh,!saying:!!!!"Go!on,!Gilgamesh,!fear!not!!!!!The!Mashu!mountains!I!give!to!you!freely!(!),!!!!the!mountains,!the!ranges,!you!may!traverse!...!!!!In!safety!may!your!feet!carry!you.!!!!The!gate!of!the!mountain!..."!!!!To!the!rising!of!the!sun!...!To!the!setting!of!the!sun!...!To!the!setting!of!the!sun!...!They!caused!to!go!out..."!![67!lines!are!missing,!in!which!Gilgamesh!convinces!the!scorpionObeing!to!allow!him!passage.]!!!!!"Though!it!be!in!deep!sadness!and!pain,!!!!in!cold!or!heat!...!!!!gasping!after!breath!...!I!will!go!on!!!!!Now!!Open!the!Gate!"!The!scorpionObeing!spoke!to!Gilgamesh,!saying:!!!!"Go!on,!Gilgamesh,!fear!not!!!!!The!Mashu!mountains!I!give!to!you!freely!(!),!!!!the!mountains,!the!ranges,!you!may!traverse!...!!!!In!safety!may!your!feet!carry!you.!!!!The!gate!of!the!mountain!..."!As!soon!as!Gilgamesh!heard!this!he!heeded!the!utterances!of!the!scorpionObeing.!Along!the!Road!of!the!Sun!L!he!journeyedOO!one!league!he!traveled!...,!dense!was!the!darkness,!light!there!was!none.!Neither!what!lies!ahead!nor!behind!does!it!allow!him!to!see.!Two!leagues!he!traveled!...,!dense!was!the!darkness,!light!there!was!none,!neither!what!lies!ahead!nor!behind!does!it!allow!him!to!see.!![22!lines!are!missing!here.]!!Four!leagues!he!traveled!...,!dense!was!the!darkness,!light!there!was!none,!neither!what!lies!ahead!nor!behind!does!it!allow!him!to!see.!Five!leagues!he!traveled!...,!dense!was!the!darkness,!light!there!was!none,!neither!what!lies!ahead!nor!behind!does!it!allow!him!to!see.! !35!Six!leagues!he!traveled!...,!dense!was!the!darkness,!light!there!was!none,!neither!what!lies!ahead!nor!behind!does!it!allow!him!to!see.!Seven!leagues!he!traveled!..!dense!was!the!darkness,!light!there!was!none,!neither!what!lies!ahead!nor!behind!does!it!allow!him!to!see.!Eight!leagues!he!traveled!and!cried!out!(!),!dense!was!the!darkness,!light!there!was!none,!neither!what!lies!ahead!nor!behind!does!it!allow!him!to!see.!Nine!leagues!he!traveled!...!the!North!Wind.!It!licked!at!his!face,!dense!was!the!darkness,!light!there!was!none,!neither!what!lies!ahead!nor!behind!does!it!allow!him!to!see.!Ten!leagues!he!traveled!...!...!is!near,!...!four!leagues.!Eleven!leagues!he!traveled!and!came!out!before!the!sun(rise).!Twelve!leagues!he!traveled!and!it!grew!brilliant.!...it!bears!lapis!lazuli!as!foliage,!!!bearing!fruit,!a!delight!to!look!upon.!!!!(25!lines!are!missing!here,!describing!the!garden!in!detail.]!!!!...!cedar!!!...!agate!!!...!of!the!sea!...!lapis!lazuli,!!!like!thorns!and!briars!...!carnelian,!!rubies,!hematite,...!!!like...!emeralds!(!)!!!...!of!the!sea,!!!Gilgamesh!...!on!walking!onward,!!raised!his!eyes!and!saw!...!!!Tablet$X$!The!tavernOkeeper!Siduri!who!lives!by!the!seashore,!she!lives...!the!potOstand!was!made!for!her,!the!golden!fermenting!vat!was!made!for!her.!She!is!covered!with!a!veil!...!Gilgamesh!was!roving!about...!wearing!a!skin,...!having!the!flesh!of!the!gods!in!his!body,!but!sadness!deep!within!him,!looking!like!one!who!has!been!traveling!a!long!distance.!The!tavernOkeeper!was!gazing!off!into!the!distance,! !36!puzzling!to!herself,!she!said,!wondering!to!herself:!!!!"That!fellow!is!surely!a!murderer(!)!!!!!Where!is!he!heading!!..."!As!soon!as!the!tavernOkeeper!saw!him,!she!bolted!her!door,!bolted!her!gate,!bolted!the!lock.!But!at!her!noise!Gilgamesh!pricked!up!his!ears,!lifted!his!chin!(to!look!about)!and!then!laid!his!eyes!on!her.!Gilgamesh!spoke!to!the!tavernOkeeper,!saying:!!!!"TavernOkeeper,!what!have!you!seen!that!made!you!bolt!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!your!door,!!!!bolt!your!gate,!bolt!the!lock!!!!!if!you!do!not!let!me!in!I!will!break!your!door,!and!smash!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!the!lock!!!!!...!the!wilderness."!...!Gilgamesh!The!tavernOkeeper!Siduri!who!lives!by!the!seashore,!she!lives...!the!potOstand!was!made!for!her,!the!golden!fermenting!vat!was!made!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!for!her.!She!is!covered!with!a!veil!...!Gilgamesh!was!roving!about...!wearing!a!skin,...!having!the!flesh!of!the!gods!in!his!body,!but!sadness!deep!within!him,!looking!like!one!who!has!been!traveling!a!long!distance.!The!tavernOkeeper!was!gazing!off!into!the!distance,!puzzling!to!herself,!she!said,!wondering!to!herself:!!!!"That!fellow!is!surely!a!murderer(!)!!!!!Where!is!he!heading!!..."!As!soon!as!the!tavernOkeeper!saw!him,!she!bolted!her!door,!bolted!her!gate,!bolted!the!lock.!But!at!her!noise!Gilgamesh!pricked!up!his!ears,!lifted!his!chin!(to!look!about)!and!then!laid!his!eyes!on!her.!Gilgamesh!spoke!to!the!tavernOkeeper,!saying:!!!!"TavernOkeeper,!what!have!you!seen!that!made!you!bolt!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!your!door,!!!!bolt!your!gate,!bolt!the!lock!!!!!if!you!do!not!let!me!in!I!will!break!your!door,!and!smash!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!the!lock!!!!!...!the!wilderness."!...!Gilgamesh!...!gate!Gilgamesh!said!to!the!tavernOkeeper:!!!!"I!am!Gilgamesh,!I!killed!the!Guardian!! !37!!!!I!destroyed!Humbaba!who!lived!in!the!Cedar!Forest,!!!!I!slew!lions!in!the!mountain!passes!!!!!I!grappled!with!the!Bull!that!came!down!from!heaven,!and!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!killed!him."!The!tavernOkeeper!spoke!to!Gilgamesh,!saying:!!!!"lf!you!are!Gilgamesh,!who!killed!the!Guardian,!!!!who!destroyed!Humbaba!who!lived!in!the!Cedar!Forest,!!!!who!slew!lions!in!the!mountain!passes,!!!!who!grappled!with!the!Bull!that!came!down!from!heaven,!and!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!killed!him,!!!!why!are!your!cheeks!emaciated,!your!expression!desolate!!!!!Why!is!your!heart!so!wretched,!your!features!so!haggard!!!!!Why!is!there!such!sadness!deep!within!you!!!!!Why!do!you!look!like!one!who!has!been!traveling!a!long!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!distance!!!!so!that!ice!and!heat!have!seared!your!face!!!!!...!you!roam!the!wilderness!"!Gilgamesh!spoke!to!her,!to!the!tavernOkeeper!he!said:!!!!"TavernOkeeper,!should!not!my!cheeks!be!emaciated?!!!!Should!my!heart!not!be!wretched,!my!features!not!haggard?!!!!Should!there!not!be!sadness!deep!within!me!!!!!Should!I!not!look!like!one!who!has!been!traveling!a!long!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!distance,!!!!and!should!ice!and!heat!not!have!seared!my!face!!!!!...,!should!I!not!roam!the!wilderness?!!!!My!friend,!the!wild!ass!who!chased!the!wild!donkey,!panther!of!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!the!wilderness,!!!!Enkidu,!the!wild!ass!who!chased!the!wild!donkey,!panther!of!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!the!wilderness,!!!!we!joined!together,!and!went!up!into!the!mountain.!!!!We!grappled!with!and!killed!the!Bull!of!Heaven,!we!destroyed!Humbaba!who!lived!in!the!Cedar!Forest,!we!slew!lions!in!the!mountain!passes!!My!friend,!whom!I!love!deeply,!who!went!through!every!hardO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!ship!with!me,!Enkidu,!whom!I!love!deeply,!who!went!through!every!hardship!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!with!me,!the!fate!of!mankind!has!overtaken!him.!Six!days!and!seven!nights!I!mourned!over!him!and!would!not!allow!him!to!be!buried!until!a!maggot!fell!out!of!his!nose.!I!was!terrified!by!his!appearance(!),!I!began!to!fear!death,!and!so!roam!the!wilderness.!The!issue!of!my!friend!oppresses!me,!so!I!have!been!roaming!long!trails!through!the!wilderness.!The!issue!of!Enkidu,!my!friend,!oppresses!me,! !38!so!I!have!been!roaming!long!roads!through!the!wilderness.!How!can!I!stay!silent,!how!can!1!be!still!!My!friend!whom!I!love!has!turned!to!clay.!Am!I!not!like!him?!Will!I!lie!down,!never!to!get!up!again?"'!Gilgamesh!spoke!to!the!tavernOkeeper,!saying:!!!!"So!now,!tavernOkeeper,!what!is!the!way!to!Utanapishtim!!!!!What!are!its!markers!Give!them!to!me!!Give!me!the!markers!!!!!If!possible,!I!will!cross!the!sea;!!!!if!not,!I!will!roam!through!the!wilderness."!The!tavernOkeeper!spoke!to!Gilgamesh,!saying:!!!!"There!has!never!been,!Gilgamesh,!any!passage!whatever,!!!!there!has!never!been!anyone!since!days!of!yore!who!crossed!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!the!sea.!!!!The!(only)!one!who!crosses!the!sea!is!valiant!Shamash,!except!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!for!him!who!can!cross!!!!!The!crossing!is!difficult,!its!ways!are!treacherousOO!!!!and!in!between!are!the!Waters!of!Death!that!bar!its!approaches!!!!!And!even!if,!Gilgamesh,!you!should!cross!the!sea,!!!!when!you!reach!the!Waters!of!Death!what!would!you!do!!!!!Gilgamesh,!over!there!is!Urshanabi,!the!ferryman!of!Utanapishtim.!!!!'The!stone!things'!L!are!with!him,!he!is!in!the!woods!picking!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!mint(!!).!!!!Go!on,!let!him!see!your!face.!!!!If!possible,!cross!with!him;!!!!if!not,!you!should!turn!back."!When!Gilgamesh!heard!this!he!raised!the!axe!in!his!hand,!drew!the!dagger!from!his!belt,!and!slipped!stealthily!away!after!them.!Like!an!arrow!he!fell!among!them!("the!stone!things").!From!the!middle!of!the!woods!their!noise!could!be!heard.!Urshanabi,!the!sharpOeyed,!saw...!!!When!he!heard!the!axe,!he!ran!toward!it.!!!He!struck!his!head!...!Gilgamesh.'!!!He!clapped!his!hands!and!...!his!chest,!!!while!"the!stone!things"!...!the!boat!!!...!Waters!of!Death!!!...!broad!sea!!!in!the!Waters!of!Death!...!!!...!to!the!river!!!...!the!boat!!!...!on!the!shore.!!!Gilgamesh!spoke!to!Urshanabi!(?),!the!ferryman,!!!!!!!...!you."!Urshanabi!spoke!to!Gilgamesh,!saying:'!!!!!!!"Why!are!your!cheeks!emaciated,!your!expression!desolate!! !39!!!!!!!Why!is!your!heart!so!wretched,!your!features!so!haggard?!!!!!!!Why!is!there!such!sadness!deep!within!you!!!!!!!!Why!do!you!look!like!one!who!has!been!traveling!a!long!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!distance!!!!!!!so!that!ice!and!heat!have!seared!your!face!!!!!!!!Why!...!you!roam!the!wilderness!"!!!Gilgamesh!spoke!to!Urshanabi,!saying:!!!!!!!"Urshanabi,!should!not!my!cheeks!be!emaciated,!my!expression!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!desolate!!!!!!!!Should!my!heart!not!be!wretched,!my!features!not!haggard!!!!!!!Should!there!not!be!sadness!deep!within!me?!!!!!!!Should!I!not!look!like!one!who!has!been!traveling!a!long!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!distance,!and!should!ice!and!heat!not!have!seared!my!face!!!!!!!!...!should!I!not!roam!the!wilderness?!!!!!!!My!friend!who!chased!wild!asses!in!the!mountain,!the!panther!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!of!the!wilderness,!!!!!!!Enkidu,!my!friend,!who!chased!wild!asses!in!the!mountain,!the!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!panther!of!the!wilderness,!!!!!!!we!joined!together,!and!went!up!into!the!mountain.!!!!!!!We!grappled!with!and!killed!the!Bull!of!Heaven,!!!!!!!we!destroyed!Humbaba!who!dwelled!in!the!Cedar!Forest,!!!!!!!we!slew!lions!in!the!mountain!passes!!!!!!!!My!friend,!whom!I!love!deeply,!who!went!through!every!hardO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!ship!with!me,!!!!!!!Enkidu,!my!friend,!whom!I!love!deeply,!who!went!through!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!every!hardship!with!me,!!!!!!!the!fate!of!mankind!has!overtaken!him.!!!!!Six!days!and!seven!nights!I!mourned!over!him!!!!!!!and!would!not!allow!him!to!be!buried!!!!!!!until!a!maggot!fell!out!of!his!nose.!!!!!!!I!was!terrified!by!his!appearance(!),!!!!!!!I!began!to!fear!death,!and!so!roam!the!wilderness.!!!!!!!The!issue!of!my!friend!oppresses!me,!!!!!!!so!I!have!been!roaming!long!trails!through!the!wilderness.!!!!!!!The!issue!of!Enkidu,!my!friend,!oppresses!me,!!!!!!!so!1!have!been!roaming!long!roads!through!the!wilderness.!!!!!!!How!can!I!stay!silent,!how!can!I!be!still!!!!!!!!My!friend!whom!I!love!has!turned!to!clay;!!!!!!!Enkidu,!my!friend!whom!I!love,!has!turned!to!clay!!!!!!!!Am!I!not!like!him!!Will!I!lie!down,!never!to!get!up!again!"!!!!!!Gilgamesh!spoke!to!Urshanabi,!saying:!!!!!!!"Now,!Urshanabi!!What!is!the!way!to!Utanapishtim?!!!!!!!What!are!its!markers!!Give!them!to!me!!Give!me!the!markers!!!!!!!!If!possible,!I!will!cross!the!sea;!!!!!!!if!not,!I!will!roam!through!the!wilderness!"! !40!Urshanabi!spoke!to!Gilgamesh,!saying:!!!!"It!is!your!hands,!Gilgamesh,!that!prevent!the!crossing!!!!!You!have!smashed!the!stone!things,'!you!have!pulled!out!their!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!retaining!ropes!(?).!!!!'The!stone!things'!have!been!smashed,!their!retaining!ropes!(!)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!pulled!out!!Gilgamesh,!take!the!axe!in!your!hand,!go!down!into!the!woods,!and!cut!down!300!punting!poles!each!60!cubits!in!length.!Strip!them,!attach!caps(?),!and!bring!them!to!the!boat!"!When!Gilgamesh!heard!this!he!took!up!the!axe!in!his!hand,!drew!the!dagger!from!his!belt,!and!went!down!into!the!woods,!and!cut!300!punting!poles!each!60!cubits!in!length.!He!stripped!them!and!attached!caps(!),!and!brought!them!to!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!the!boat.!Gilgamesh!and!Urshanabi!bearded!the!boat,!Gilgamesh!launched!the!magilluOboat'!and!they!sailed!away.!By!the!third!day!they!had!traveled!a!stretch!of!a!month!and!a!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!half,!and!Urshanabi!arrived!at!the!Waters!of!Death.!Urshanabi!said!to!Gilgamesh:!!!!"Hold!back,!Gilgamesh,!take!a!punting!pole,!!!!but!your!hand!must!not!pass!over!the!Waters!of!Death!...!!!!!!Take!a!second,!Gilgamesh,!a!third,!and!a!fourth!pole,!!!!take!a!fifth,!Gilgamesh,!a!sixth,!and!a!seventh!pole,!!!!take!an!eighth,!Gilgamesh,!a!ninth,!and!a!tenth!pole,!!!!take!an!eleventh,!Gilgamesh,!and!a!twelfth!pole!"!In!twice!60!rods!Gilgamesh!had!used!up!the!punting!poles.!Then!he!loosened!his!waistOcloth(?)!for...!Gilgamesh!stripped!off!his!garment!and!held!it!up!on!the!mast(!)!with!his!arms.!Utanapishtim!was!gazing!off!into!the!distance,!puzzling!to!himself!he!said,!wondering!to!himself:!!!!"Why!are!'the!stone!things'!of!the!boat!smashed!to!pieces!!!!!And!why!is!someone!not!its!master!sailing!on!it?!!!!The!one!who!is!coming!is!not!a!man!of!mine,!...!!!!I!keep!looking!but!not...!!!!I!keep!looking!but!not!...!!!!I!keep!looking..."!!lines!are!missing!here.]!Utanapishtim!said!to!Gilgamesh:!!!!"Why!are!your!cheeks!emaciated,!your!expression!desolate!!!!!Why!is!your!heart!so!wretched,!your!features!so!haggard!!!!!Why!is!there!such!sadness!deep!within!you!!!!!Why!do!you!look!like!one!who!has!been!traveling!a!long!distance!!!!so!that!ice!and!heat!have!seared!your!face!! !41!!!!...!you!roam!the!wilderness!"!Gilgamesh!spoke!to!Utanapishtim!saying:!!!!"Should!not!my!cheeks!be!emaciated,!my!expression!desolate!!!!!Should!my!heart!not!be!wretched,!my!features!not!haggard!!!!!Should!there!not!be!sadness!deep!within!me!!!!!Should!I!not!look!like!one!who!has!been!traveling!a!long!distance,!!!!and!should!ice!and!heat!not!have!seared!my!face!!!!!...!should!I!not!roam!the!wilderness)!!!!My!friend!who!chased!wild!asses!in!the!mountain,!the!panther!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!of!the!wilderness,!!!!Enkidu,!my!friend,!who!chased!wild!asses!in!the!mountain,!the!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!panther!of!the!wilderness,!!!!we!joined!together,!and!went!up!into!the!mountain.!!!!We!grappled!with!and!killed!the!Bull!of!Heaven,!!!!we!destroyed!Humbaba!who!dwelled!in!the!Cedar!Forest,!!!!we!slew!lions!in!the!mountain!passes!!!!!My!friend,!whom!I!love!deeply,!who!went!through!every!hardO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!shin!with!me!Enkidu,!my!friend,!whom!I!love!deeply,!who!went!through!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!every!hardship!with!me,!!!!the!fate!of!mankind!has!overtaken!him.!!!!Six!days!and!seven!nights!I!mourned!over!him!!!!and!would!not!allow!him!to!be!buried!!!!until!a!maggot!fell!out!of!his!nose.!!!!I!was!terrified!by!his!appearance(!),!!!!I!began!to!fear!death,!and!so!roam!the!wilderness.!!!!The!issue!of!my!friend!oppresses!me,!!!!so!I!have!been!roaming!long!trails!through!the!wilderness.!!!!The!issue!of!Enkidu,!my!friend,!oppresses!me,!!!!so!I!have!been!roaming!long!roads!through!the!wilderness.!!!!How!can!I!stay!silent,!how!can!I!be!still!!!!!My!friend!whom!I!love!has!turned!to!clay;!!!!Enkidu,!my!friend!whom!I!love,!has!turned!to!clay!!!!!Am!I!not!like!him!!Will!I!lie!down!never!to!get!up!again!"!Gilgamesh!spoke!to!Utanapishtim,!saying:!!!!"That!is!why!(?)!I!must!go!on,!to!see!Utanapishtim!whom!they!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!call!'The!Faraway.'"!!!!I!went!circling!through!all!the!mountains,!!!!I!traversed!treacherous!mountains,!and!crossed!all!the!seasOO!!!!that!is!why!(!)!sweet!sleep!has!not!mellowed!my!face,!!!!through!sleepless!striving!I!am!strained,!!!!my!muscles!are!filled!with!pain.!!!!I!had!not!yet!reached!the!tavernOkeeper's!area!before!my!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!clothing!gave!out.!!!!I!killed!bear,!hyena,!lion,!panther,!tiger,!stag,!redOstag,!and!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!beasts!of!the!wilderness;! !42!!!!I!ate!their!meat!and!wrapped!their!skins!around!me.'!The!gate!of!grief!must!be!bolted!shut,!sealed!with!pitch!and!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!bitumen!!!!!!As!for!me,!dancing...!!!!For!me!unfortunate(!)!it(?)!will!root!out..."!Utanapishtim!spoke!to!Gilgamesh,!saying:!!!!!"Why,!Gilgamesh,!do!you!...!sadness?!!!!You!who!were!created!(!)!from!the!flesh!of!gods!and!mankind!!!!who!made!...!like!your!father!and!mother?!!!!Have!you!ever...!Gilgamesh!...!to!the!fool!...!!!!They!placed!a!chair!in!the!Assembly,!...!!!!But!to!the!fool!they!gave!beer!dregs!instead!of!butter,!!!!bran!and!cheap!flour!which!like!...!!!!Clothed!with!a!loincloth!(!)!like!...!!!!And!...!in!place!of!a!sash,!!!!because!he!does!not!have!...!!!!does!not!have!words!of!counsel!...!!!!Take!care!about!it,!Gilgamesh,!!!!...!their!master...!!!!...!Sin...!!!!...!eclipse!of!the!moon!...!!!!The!gods!are!sleepless!...!!!!They!are!troubled,!restless(!)!...!!!!Long!ago!it!has!been!established...!!!!You!trouble!yourself...!!!!...!your!help!...!!!!If!Gilgamesh!...!the!temple!of!the!gods!!!!...!the!temple!of!the!holy!gods,!!!!...!the!gods!...!!!!...!mankind,!!!!they!took!...!for!his!fate.!!!!You!have!toiled!without!cease,!and!what!have!you!got!!Through!toil!you!wear!yourself!out,!you!fill!your!body!with!grief,!your!long!lifetime!you!are!bringing!near!(to!a!premature!end)!!Mankind,!whose!offshoot!is!snapped!off!like!a!reed!in!a!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!canebreak,!the!fine!youth!and!lovely!girl!...!death.!No!one!can!see!death,!no!one!can!see!the!face!of!death,!no!one!can!hear!the!voice!of!death,!yet!there!is!savage!death!that!snaps!off!mankind.!For!how!long!do!we!build!a!household?!For!how!long!do!we!seal!a!document!!For!how!long!do!brothers!share!the!inheritance?! !43!For!how!long!is!there!to!be!jealousy!in!the!land(!)!!For!how!long!has!the!river!risen!and!brought!the!overflowing!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!waters,!so!that!dragonflies!drift!down!the!river!'!The!face!that!could!gaze!upon!the!face!of!the!Sun!has!never!existed!ever.!How!alike!are!the!sleeping(!)!and!the!dead.!The!image!of!Death!cannot!be!depicted.!(Yes,!you!are!a)!human!being,!a!man!(?)!!After!Enlil!had!pronounced!the!blessing,'"!the!Anunnaki,!the!Great!Gods,!assembled.!Mammetum,!she!who!forms!destiny,!determined!destiny!with!them.!They!established!Death!and!Life,!but!they!did!not!make!known!'the!days!of!death'".!!!Tablet$XI$!The$Story$of$the$Flood$!Gilgamesh!spoke!to!Utanapishtim,!the!Faraway:!!!!"I!have!been!looking!at!you,!!!!but!your!appearance!is!not!strangeOOyou!are!like!me!!!!!You!yourself!are!not!differentOOyou!are!like!me!!!!!My!mind!was!resolved!to!fight!with!you,!!!!(but!instead?)!my!arm!lies!useless!over!you.!!!!Tell!me,!how!is!it!that!you!stand!in!the!Assembly!of!the!Gods,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!and!have!found!life!"!Utanapishtim!spoke!to!Gilgamesh,!saying:!!!!"I!will!reveal!to!you,!Gilgamesh,!a!thing!that!is!hidden,!!!!a!secret!of!the!gods!I!will!tell!you!!!!!Shuruppak,!a!city!that!you!surely!know,!!!!situated!on!the!banks!of!the!Euphrates,!!!!that!city!was!very!old,!and!there!were!gods!inside!it.!!!!The!hearts!of!the!Great!Gods!moved!them!to!inflict!the!Flood.!!!!Their!Father!Anu!uttered!the!oath!(of!secrecy),!!!!Valiant!Enlil!was!their!Adviser,!!!!Ninurta!was!their!Chamberlain,!!!!Ennugi!was!their!Minister!of!Canals.!!!!Ea,!the!Clever!Prince(?),!was!under!oath!with!them!!!!so!he!repeated!their!talk!to!the!reed!house:!!!!!!'Reed!house,!reed!house!!Wall,!wall!!O!man!of!Shuruppak,!son!of!Ubartutu:!!!Tear!down!the!house!and!build!a!boat!!!!Abandon!wealth!and!seek!living!beings!!!!Spurn!possessions!and!keep!alive!living!beings!! !44!!!Make!all!living!beings!go!up!into!the!boat.!!!The!boat!which!you!are!to!build,!!!its!dimensions!must!measure!equal!to!each!other:!!!its!length!must!correspond!to!its!width.!!!Roof!it!over!like!the!Apsu.!I!understood!and!spoke!to!my!lord,!Ea:!!!'My!lord,!thus!is!the!command!which!you!have!uttered!!!I!will!heed!and!will!do!it.!!!But!what!shall!I!answer!the!city,!the!populace,!and!the!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Elders!'!Ea!spoke,!commanding!me,!his!servant:!!!'You,!well!then,!this!is!what!you!must!say!to!them:!!!!"It!appears!that!Enlil!is!rejecting!me!!!!so!I!cannot!reside!in!your!city!(?),!!!!nor!set!foot!on!Enlil's!earth.!!!!I!will!go!down!to!the!Apsu!to!live!with!my!lord,!Ea,!!!!and!upon!you!he!will!rain!down!abundance,!!!!a!profusion!of!fowl,!myriad(!)!fishes.!!!!He!will!bring!to!you!a!harvest!of!wealth,!!!!in!the!morning!he!will!let!loaves!of!bread!shower!down,!!!!and!in!the!evening!a!rain!of!wheat!"'!Just!as!dawn!began!to!glow!the!land!assembled!around!meO!the!carpenter!carried!his!hatchet,!the!reed!worker!carried!his!(flattening)!stone,!...!the!men!...!The!child!carried!the!pitch,!the!weak!brought!whatever!else!was!needed.!On!the!fifth!day!I!laid!out!her!exterior.!It!was!a!field!in!area,!its!walls!were!each!10!times!12!cubits!in!height,!the!sides!of!its!top!were!of!equal!length,!10!times!It!cubits!each.!I!laid!out!its!(interior)!structure!and!drew!a!picture!of!it!(?).!I!provided!it!with!six!decks,!thus!dividing!it!into!seven!(levels).!The!inside!of!it!I!divided!into!nine!(compartments).!I!drove!plugs!(to!keep!out)!water!in!its!middle!part.!I!saw!to!the!punting!poles!and!laid!in!what!was!necessary.!Three!times!3,600!(units)!of!raw!bitumen!I!poured!into!the!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!bitumen!kiln,!three!times!3,600!(units!of)!pitch!...into!it,!there!were!three!times!3,600!porters!of!casks!who!carried!(vegeO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!table)!oil,!apart!from!the!3,600!(units!of)!oil!which!they!consumed!(!)!and!two!times!3,600!(units!of)!oil!which!the!boatman!stored!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!away.! !45!I!butchered!oxen!for!the!meat(!),!and!day!upon!day!I!slaughtered!sheep.!I!gave!the!workmen(?)!ale,!beer,!oil,!and!wine,!as!if!it!were!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!river!water,!so!they!could!make!a!party!like!the!New!Year's!Festival.!...!and!I!set!my!hand!to!the!oiling(!).!The!boat!was!finished!by!sunset.!The!launching!was!very!difficult.!They!had!to!keep!carrying!a!runway!of!poles!front!to!back,!until!twoOthirds!of!it!had!gone!into!the!water(?).!Whatever!I!had!I!loaded!on!it:!whatever!silver!I!had!I!loaded!on!it,!whatever!gold!I!had!I!loaded!on!it.!All!the!living!beings!that!I!had!I!loaded!on!it,!I!had!all!my!kith!and!kin!go!up!into!the!boat,!all!the!beasts!and!animals!of!the!field!and!the!craftsmen!I!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!had!go!up.!Shamash!had!set!a!stated!time:!!!'In!the!morning!I!will!let!loaves!of!bread!shower!down,!!!and!in!the!evening!a!rain!of!wheat!!!!Go!inside!the!boat,!seal!the!entry!'!That!stated!time!had!arrived.!In!the!morning!he!let!loaves!of!bread!shower!down,!and!in!the!evening!a!rain!of!wheat.!I!watched!the!appearance!of!the!weatherOO!the!weather!was!frightful!to!behold!!I!went!into!the!boat!and!sealed!the!entry.!For!the!caulking!of!the!boat,!to!Puzuramurri,!the!boatman,!I!gave!the!palace!together!with!its!contents.!Just!as!dawn!began!to!glow!there!arose!from!the!horizon!a!black!cloud.!Adad!rumbled!inside!of!it,!before!him!went!Shullat!and!Hanish,!heralds!going!over!mountain!and!land.!Erragal!pulled!out!the!mooring!poles,!forth!went!Ninurta!and!made!the!dikes!overflow.!The!Anunnaki!lifted!up!the!torches,!setting!the!land!ablaze!with!their!flare.!Stunned!shock!over!Adad's!deeds!overtook!the!heavens,!and!turned!to!blackness!all!that!had!been!light.!The...!land!shattered!like!a...!pot.!All!day!long!the!South!Wind!blew!...,!blowing!fast,!submerging!the!mountain!in!water,!overwhelming!the!people!like!an!attack.!No!one!could!see!his!fellow,!they!could!not!recognize!each!other!in!the!torrent.! !46!The!gods!were!frightened!by!the!Flood,!and!retreated,!ascending!to!the!heaven!of!Anu.!The!gods!were!cowering!like!dogs,!crouching!by!the!outer!wall.!Ishtar!shrieked!like!a!woman!in!childbirth,!the!sweetOvoiced!Mistress!of!the!Gods!wailed:!!'The!olden!days!have!alas!turned!to!clay,!!because!I!said!evil!things!in!the!Assembly!of!the!Gods!!!How!could!I!say!evil!things!in!the!Assembly!of!the!Gods,!!ordering!a!catastrophe!to!destroy!my!people!!!!No!sooner!have!I!given!birth!to!my!dear!people!!than!they!fill!the!sea!like!so!many!fish!'!The!godsOOthose!of!the!AnunnakiOOwere!weeping!with!her,!the!gods!humbly!sat!weeping,!sobbing!with!grief(?),!their!lips!burning,!parched!with!thirst.!Six!days!and!seven!nights!came!the!wind!and!flood,!the!storm!flattening!the!land.!When!the!seventh!day!arrived,!the!storm!was!pounding,!the!flood!was!a!warOOstruggling!with!itself!like!a!woman!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!writhing!(in!labor).!The!sea!calmed,!fell!still,!the!whirlwind!(and)!flood!stopped!up.!I!looked!around!all!day!longOOquiet!had!set!in!and!all!the!human!beings!had!turned!to!clay!!The!terrain!was!as!flat!as!a!roof.!I!opened!a!vent!and!fresh!air!(daylight!)!fell!upon!the!side!of!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!my!nose.!I!fell!to!my!knees!and!sat!weeping,!tears!streaming!down!the!side!of!my!nose.!I!looked!around!for!coastlines!in!the!expanse!of!the!sea,!and!at!twelve!leagues!there!emerged!a!region!(of!land).!On!Mt.!Nimush!the!boat!lodged!firm,!Mt.!Nimush!held!the!boat,!allowing!no!sway.!One!day!and!a!second!Mt.!Nimush!held!the!boat,!allowing!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!no!sway.!A!third!day,!a!fourth,!Mt.!Nimush!held!the!boat,!allowing!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!no!sway.!A!fifth!day,!a!sixth,!Mt.!Nimush!held!the!boat,!allowing!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!no!sway.!When!a!seventh!day!arrived!I!sent!forth!a!dove!and!released!it.!The!dove!went!off,!but!came!back!to!me;!no!perch!was!visible!so!it!circled!back!to!me.!I!sent!forth!a!swallow!and!released!it.!The!swallow!went!off,!but!came!back!to!me;!no!perch!was!visible!so!it!circled!back!to!me.!I!sent!forth!a!raven!and!released!it.!The!raven!went!off,!and!saw!the!waters!slither!back.! !47!It!eats,!it!scratches,!it!bobs,!but!does!not!circle!back!to!me.!Then!I!sent!out!everything!in!all!directions!and!sacrificed!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(a!sheep).!I!offered!incense!in!front!of!the!mountainOziggurat.!Seven!and!seven!cult!vessels!I!put!in!place,!and!(into!the!fire)!underneath!(or:!into!their!bowls)!I!poured!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!reeds,!cedar,!and!myrtle.!The!gods!smelled!the!savor,!the!gods!smelled!the!sweet!savor,!and!collected!like!flies!over!a!(sheep)!sacrifice.!Just!then!Beletili!arrived.!She!lifted!up!the!large!flies!(beads)!which!Anu!had!made!for!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!his!enjoyment(!):!!'You!gods,!as!surely!as!I!shall!not!forget!this!lapis!lazuli!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!around!my!neck,!!may!I!be!mindful!of!these!days,!and!never!forget!them!!!The!gods!may!come!to!the!incense!offering,!!but!Enlil!may!not!come!to!the!incense!offering,!!because!without!considering!he!brought!about!the!Flood!!and!consigned!my!people!to!annihilation.'!Just!then!Enlil!arrived.!He!saw!the!boat!and!became!furious,!he!was!filled!with!rage!at!the!Igigi!gods:!!'Where!did!a!living!being!escape?!No!man!was!to!survive!the!annihilation!'!Ninurta!spoke!to!Valiant!Enlil,!saying:!!'Who!else!but!Ea!could!devise!such!a!thing?!!It!is!Ea!who!knows!every!machination!'!La!spoke!to!Valiant!Enlil,!saying:!!'It!is!yours,!O!Valiant!One,!who!is!the!Sage!of!the!Gods.!!How,!how!could!you!bring!about!a!Flood!without!consideration!!Charge!the!violation!to!the!violator,!!charge!the!offense!to!the!offender,!!but!be!compassionate!lest!(mankind)!be!cut!off,!!be!patient!lest!they!be!killed.!!Instead!of!your!bringing!on!the!Flood,!!would!that!a!lion!had!appeared!to!diminish!the!people!!!Instead!of!your!bringing!on!the!Flood,!!would!that!a!wolf!had!appeared!to!diminish!the!people!!!Instead!of!your!bringing!on!the!Flood,!!would!that!famine!had!occurred!to!slay!the!land!!!Instead!of!your!bringing!on!the!Flood,!!would!that!(Pestilent)!Erra!had!appeared!to!ravage!the!land!!!It!was!not!I!who!revealed!the!secret!of!the!Great!Gods,!!I!(only)!made!a!dream!appear!to!Atrahasis,!and!(thus)!he!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!heard!the!secret!of!the!gods.! !48!!Now!then!!The!deliberation!should!be!about!him!'!Enlil!went!up!inside!the!boat!and,!grasping!my!hand,!made!me!go!up.!He!had!my!wife!go!up!and!kneel!by!my!side.!He!touched!our!forehead!and,!standing!between!us,!he!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!blessed!us:!!'Previously!Utanapishtim!was!a!human!being.!!But!now!let!Utanapishtim!and!his!wife!become!like!us,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!the!gods!!!Let!Utanapishtim!reside!far!away,!at!the!Mouth!of!the!Rivers.'!They!took!us!far!away!and!settled!us!at!the!Mouth!of!the!Rivers."!"Now!then,!who!will!convene!the!gods!on!your!behalf,!!!that!you!may!find!the!life!that!you!are!seeking!!!!Wait!!You!must!not!lie!down!for!six!days!and!seven!nights."!soon!as!he!sat!down!(with!his!head)!between!his!legs!sleep,!like!a!fog,!blew!upon!him.!Utanapishtim!said!to!his!wife:!!!"Look!there!!The!man,!the!youth!who!wanted!(eternal)!life!!!!Sleep,!like!a!fog,!blew!over!him."!his!wife!said!to!Utanapishtim!the!Faraway:!!!"Touch!him,!let!the!man!awaken.!!!Let!him!return!safely!by!the!way!he!came.!!!Let!him!return!to!his!land!by!the!gate!through!which!he!left."!Utanapishtim!said!to!his!wife:!!!"Mankind!is!deceptive,!and!will!deceive!you.!!!Come,!bake!loaves!for!him!and!keep!setting!them!by!his!head!!!and!draw!on!the!wall!each!day!that!he!lay!down."!She!baked!his!loaves!and!placed!them!by!his!head!and!marked!on!the!wall!the!day!that!he!lay!down.!The!first!loaf!was!dessicated,!the!second!stale,!the!third!moist(?),!the!fourth!turned!white,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!its!...,!the!fifth!sprouted!gray!(mold),!the!sixth!is!still!fresh.!the!seventhOOsuddenly!he!touched!him!and!the!man!awoke.!Gilgamesh!said!to!Utanapishtim:!!!"The!very!moment!sleep!was!pouring!over!me!!!you!touched!me!and!alerted!me!"!Utanapishtim!spoke!to!Gilgamesh,!saying:!!!"Look!over!here,!Gilgamesh,!count!your!loaves!!!!You!should!be!aware!of!what!is!marked!on!the!wall!!!!Your!first!loaf!is!dessicated,!!!the!second!stale,!the!third!moist,!your!fourth!turned!white,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!its!...!the!fifth!sprouted!gray!(mold),!the!sixth!is!still!fresh.!The!seventhOOsuddenly!he!touched!him!and!the!man!awoke.!Gilgamesh!said!to!Utanapishtim:! !49!!!!!"The!very!moment!sleep!was!pouring!over!me!!!!!you!touched!me!and!alerted!me!"!Utanapishtim!spoke!to!Gilgamesh,!saying:!!!!!"Look!over!here,!Gilgamesh,!count!your!loaves!!!!!!You!should!be!aware!of!what!is!marked!on!the!wall!!!!!!Your!first!loaf!is!dessicated,!!!!!the!second!stale,!the!third!moist,!your!fourth!turned!white,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!its!...!the!fifth!sprouted!gray!(mold),!the!sixth!is!still!fresh.!!!!!The!seventhOOat!that!instant!you!awoke!"!!Gilgamesh!said!to!Utanapishtim!the!Faraway:!!!!!"O!woe!!What!shall!I!do,!Utanapishtim,!where!shall!I!go!!!!!!The!Snatcher!has!taken!hold!of!my!flesh,!!!!!in!my!bedroom!Death!dwells,!!!!!and!wherever!I!set!foot!there!too!is!Death!"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Home!EmptyOHanded!!Utanapishtim!said!to!Urshanabi,!the!ferryman:!!!!!"May!the!harbor!reject!you,!may!the!ferry!landing!reject!you!!!!!!May!you!who!used!to!walk!its!shores!be!denied!its!shores!!!!!!The!man!in!front!of!whom!you!walk,!matted!hair!chains!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!his!body,!!!!!animal!skins!have!ruined!his!beautiful!skin.!!!!!Take!him!away,!Urshanabi,!bring!him!to!the!washing!place.!!!!!Let!him!wash!his!matted!hair!in!water!like!ellu.!!!!!Let!him!cast!away!his!animal!skin!and!have!the!sea!carry!it!off,!!!!!let!his!body!be!moistened!with!fine!oil,!!!!!let!the!wrap!around!his!head!be!made!new,!!!!!let!him!wear!royal!robes!worthy!of!him!!!!!!Until!he!goes!off!to!his!city,!!!!!until!he!sets!off!on!his!way,!!!!!let!his!royal!robe!not!become!spotted,!let!it!be!perfectly!new!"!!Urshanabi!took!him!away!and!brought!him!to!the!washing!place.!!He!washed!his!matted!hair!with!water!like!ellu.!!He!cast!off!his!animal!skin!and!the!sea!carried!it!oh.!!He!moistened!his!body!with!fine!oil,!!and!made!a!new!wrap!for!his!head.!!He!put!on!a!royal!robe!worthy!of!him.!!Until!he!went!away!to!his!city,!!until!he!set!off!on!his!way,!!his!royal!robe!remained!unspotted,!it!was!perfectly!clean.!!Gilgamesh!and!Urshanabi!bearded!the!boat,!!they!cast!off!the!magilluOboat,!and!sailed!away.!!The!wife!of!Utanapishtim!the!Faraway!said!to!him:!!!!!"Gilgamesh!came!here!exhausted!and!worn!out.!!!!!What!can!you!give!him!so!that!he!can!return!to!his!land!(with!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!honor)!!"! !50!!Then!Gilgamesh!raised!a!punting!pole!!and!drew!the!boat!to!shore.!!Utanapishtim!spoke!to!Gilgamesh,!saying:!!!!!"Gilgamesh,!you!came!here!exhausted!and!worn!out.!!!!!What!can!I!give!you!so!you!can!return!to!your!land?!!!!!I!will!disclose!to!you!a!thing!that!is!hidden,!Gilgamesh,!!!!!a...!I!will!tell!you.!!!!!There!is!a!plant...!like!a!boxthorn,!!!!!whose!thorns!will!prick!your!hand!like!a!rose.!!!!!If!your!hands!reach!that!plant!you!will!become!a!young!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!man!again."!Hearing!this,!Gilgamesh!opened!a!conduit(!)!(to!the!Apsu)!!and!attached!heavy!stones!to!his!feet.!They!dragged!him!down,!to!the!Apsu!they!pulled!him.!!He!took!the!plant,!though!it!pricked!his!hand,!and!cut!the!heavy!stones!from!his!feet,!letting!the!waves(?)!throw!him!onto!its!shores.!Gilgamesh!spoke!to!Urshanabi,!the!ferryman,!saying:!!!!"Urshanabi,!this!plant!is!a!plant!against!decay(!)!!!!!by!which!a!man!can!attain!his!survival(!).!!!!!I!will!bring!it!to!UrukOHaven,!!!!!and!have!an!old!man!eat!the!plant!to!test!it.!!!!!The!plant's!name!is!'The!Old!Man!Becomes!a!Young!Man.'"!!!!Then!I!will!eat!it!and!return!to!the!condition!of!my!youth."!At!twenty!leagues!they!broke!for!some!food,!at!thirty!leagues!they!stopped!for!the!night.!Seeing!a!spring!and!how!cool!its!waters!were,!Gilgamesh!went!down!and!was!bathing!in!the!water.!A!snake!smelled!the!fragrance!of!the!plant,!silently!came!up!and!carried!off!the!plant.!While!going!back!it!sloughed!off!its!casing.'!At!that!point!Gilgamesh!sat!down,!weeping,!his!tears!streaming!over!the!side!of!his!nose.!"Counsel!me,!O!ferryman!Urshanabi!!For!whom!have!my!arms!labored,!Urshanabi!!!!!For!whom!has!my!heart's!blood!roiled!!!!!I!have!not!secured!any!good!deed!for!myself,!!!!but!done!a!good!deed!for!the!'lion!of!the!ground'!"!!!!Now!the!high!waters!are!coursing!twenty!leagues!distant,'!!!!as!I!was!opening!the!conduit(?)!I!turned!my!equipment!over!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!into!it!(!).!!!!What!can!I!find!(to!serve)!as!a!marker(?)!for!me!!!!!I!will!turn!back!(from!the!journey!by!sea)!and!leave!the!boat!by!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!the!shore!"!!!!At!twenty!leagues!they!broke!for!some!food,!at!thirty!leagues!they!stopped!for!the!night.! !51!They!arrived!in!UrukOHaven.!Gilgamesh!said!to!Urshanabi,!the!ferryman:!!!!"Go!up,!Urshanabi,!onto!the!wall!of!Uruk!and!walk!around.!!!!Examine!its!foundation,!inspect!its!brickwork!thoroughlyOO!!!!is!not!(even!the!core!of)!the!brick!structure!of!kilnOfired!brick,!!!!and!did!not!the!Seven!Sages!themselves!lay!out!its!plan!!One!league!city,!one!league!palm!gardens,!one!league!lowlands,!the!open!area(?)!of!the!Ishtar!Temple,!three!leagues!and!the!open!area(?)!of!Uruk!it!encloses.!!!

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