Using SPSS software, all the responses of a thesis survey has been extracted and statistical values has been calculated. A multiple regression analysis and median analysis including mean, standard dev
Table 1: Descriptive Statistics: Demographic Variables
| Demographic Variables | Categories | Frequency | Percentage |
| Gender | Male | 125 | 54.1 |
| Female | 101 | 43.7 | |
| Prefer not to say | 2.2 | ||
| Age | 18-29 years | 90 | 39.0 |
| 30-39 years | 120 | 51.9 | |
| 40-49 years | 10 | 4.3 | |
| 50-59 years | 1.3 | ||
| 60 years and above | 3.5 | ||
| Education Level | Vocational/High School | 3.5 | |
| Diploma/Advanced Diploma | 10 | 4.3 | |
| Bachelor Degree | 89 | 38.5 | |
| Postgraduate Degree | 124 | 53.7 | |
| Employment Status | Full Time | 52 | 22.5 |
| Part Time | 118 | 51.1 | |
| Casual | 61 | 26.4 | |
| Work Experience | 0-5 years | 196 | 84.8 |
| 5-9 years | 25 | 10.8 | |
| 10-14 years | 3.0 | ||
| 15 years and above | 1.3 | ||
| Number of Employees | 0-4 employees | 1.3 | |
| 5-19 employees | 42 | 18.2 | |
| 20-199 employees | 186 | 80.5 |
Total Frequency = 231; Total Percentage = 100%
Table 2: Descriptive Statistics: Independent Variables
| Constructs/Items | Mean | Std. Dev. | Skewness | Kurtosis |
| Leaders Moderation Orientation | 3.86 | .582 | -2.698 | 9.880 |
| My immediate supervisor has a modest attitude. | 3.90 | .664 | -2.305 | 7.898 |
| My immediate supervisor help others the possibility to shine. | 3.84 | .665 | -2.575 | 8.217 |
| My immediate supervisor encourages extreme objectives, ideas, and behaviour. | 3.80 | .783 | -1.886 | 4.244 |
| My immediate supervisor accepts diversity and differences. | 3.92 | .644 | -2.089 | 7.619 |
| People Orientation | 3.82 | .647 | -2.326 | 6.280 |
| My immediate supervisor is interested in how I feel and how I am doing. | 3.86 | .665 | -1.901 | 5.468 |
| My immediate supervisor pays attention to my personal needs. | 3.80 | .715 | -1.988 | 4.952 |
| My immediate supervisor takes time to talk about work-related emotions. | 3.79 | .786 | -1.947 | 4.214 |
| My immediate supervisor is genuinely concerned about my personal development. | 3.80 | .756 | -2.201 | 5.535 |
| My immediate supervisor sympathizes with me when I have problems. | 3.85 | .676 | -2.288 | 7.015 |
Table 3: Descriptive Statistics: Mediator and Dependent Variable
| Constructs/Items | Mean | Std. Dev. | Skewness | Kurtosis |
| Supervisor Support | 3.91 | .533 | -2.174 | 8.288 |
| My immediate supervisor really cares about my well-being. | 3.92 | .631 | -1.615 | 5.401 |
| My immediate supervisor strongly considers my goals and values. | 3.89 | .689 | -2.348 | 8.171 |
| My immediate supervisor shows little concern for me. | 3.85 | .649 | -1.961 | 6.426 |
| My immediate supervisor cares about my opinions. | 3.89 | .629 | -2.023 | 6.846 |
| Help is available from my immediate supervisor when I have a problem. | 3.99 | .523 | -1.303 | 7.009 |
| Organisational Citizenship Behaviour | 4.00 | .414 | -2.278 | 15.670 |
| I help others who have been absent. | 4.01 | .555 | -1.990 | 11.165 |
| I willingly give my time to help others who have work-related problems. | 4.10 | .493 | -1.104 | 9.230 |
| I adjust my work schedule to accommodate other employees’ requests for time off. | 3.90 | .578 | -1.773 | 6.886 |
| I go out of the way to make newer employees feel welcome in the work group. | 3.99 | .515 | -1.370 | 7.552 |
| I show genuine concern and courtesy toward co-workers, even under the most trying business or personal situations. | 3.99 | .519 | -1.705 | 8.764 |
Table 4: Correlation among Constructs
| Constructs | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 1. Leaders Moderation Orientation | 1 | |||
| 2. People Orientation | .847** | 1 | ||
| 3. Supervisor Support | .799** | .818** | 1 | |
| 4. Organisational Citizenship Behaviour | .386** | .425** | .447** | 1 |
Table 5: Commonality and Variance among Independent Variables Items
| Items | Communality | Factor | Eigen Value | Percent of Variance | Cumulative Percent |
| My immediate supervisor has a modest attitude. | .708 | 6.393 | 71.038 | 49.732 | |
| My immediate supervisor help others the possibility to shine. | .784 | .577 | 6.414 | 77.452 | |
| My immediate supervisor encourages extreme objectives, ideas, and behaviour. | .621 | ||||
| My immediate supervisor accepts diversity and differences. | .861 | ||||
| My immediate supervisor is interested in how I feel and how I am doing. | .762 | ||||
| My immediate supervisor pays attention to my personal needs. | .784 | ||||
| My immediate supervisor takes time to talk about work-related emotions. | .822 | ||||
| My immediate supervisor is genuinely concerned about my personal development. | .845 | ||||
| My immediate supervisor sympathizes with me when I have problems. | .784 |
Table 6: KMO and Bartlett’s test
| Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy | .931 | ||
| Bartlett's Test of Sphericity | Approx. Chi-Square | 1826.112 | |
| df | 36 | ||
| Sig. | .000 | ||
Table 7: Re-specification of Items, Validity and Reliability
| Construct/Items | Factor Loading | Cronbach Alpha |
| Leaders Moderation Orientation | .863 | |
| My immediate supervisor has a modest attitude. | .726 | |
| My immediate supervisor help others the possibility to shine. | .697 | |
| My immediate supervisor encourages extreme objectives, ideas, and behaviour. | .614 | |
| My immediate supervisor accepts diversity and differences. | .877 | |
| People Orientation | .940 | |
| My immediate supervisor is interested in how I feel and how I am doing. | .802 | |
| My immediate supervisor pays attention to my personal needs. | .803 | |
| My immediate supervisor takes time to talk about work-related emotions. | .841 | |
| My immediate supervisor is genuinely concerned about my personal development. | .830 | |
| My immediate supervisor sympathizes with me when I have problems. | .811 | |
| Supervisor Support | .904 | |
| My immediate supervisor really cares about my well-being. | .867 | |
| My immediate supervisor strongly considers my goals and values. | .853 | |
| My immediate supervisor shows little concern for me. | .906 | |
| My immediate supervisor cares about my opinions. | .831 | |
| Help is available from my immediate supervisor when I have a problem. | .796 | |
| Organisation Citizenship Behaviour | .836 | |
| I help others who have been absent. | .819 | |
| I willingly give my time to help others who have work-related problems. | .688 | |
| I adjust my work schedule to accommodate other employees’ requests for time off. | .701 | |
| I go out of the way to make newer employees feel welcome in the work group. | .804 | |
| I show genuine concern and courtesy toward co-workers, even under the most trying business or personal situations. | .875 |
Table 8: Multiple Regression
Model Summary
Predictors: (Constant), People Orientation, Leaders Moderation OrientationModel
R
R Square
Adjusted R Square
Std. Error of the Estimate
1
.428a
.183
.176
.376
ANOVAa
| Model | Sum of Squares | df | F | Sig. | ||||
| 1 | Regression | 7.201 | 2 | 25.495 | .000b | |||
| Residual | 32.198 | 228 | ||||||
| Total | 39.398 | 230 | ||||||
Dependent Variable: Organisation Citizenship Behaviour
Predictors: (Constant), People Orientation, Leaders Moderation Orientation
Coefficientsa
| Model | Unstandardized Coefficients | Standardized Coefficients | t | Sig. | ||||||||
| B | Std. Error | Beta | ||||||||||
| Leaders Moderation Orientation | .066 | .080 | .093 | .830 | .408 | |||||||
| People Orientation | .221 | .072 | .346 | 3.073 | .002 | |||||||
Dependent Variable: Organisation Citizenship Behaviour
Table 9: Complete and Partial Mediation Tables
| Model | Unstandardized Coefficients | Standard Error (SE) | Standardized Coefficients (SC) | t | Sig. | |
| Leader Moderation Orientation (LMO) | .2746 | .0434 | .3859 | 6.3298 | .0000 | |
| Supervisor Support (SS) | .2978 | .0764 | .3833 | 3.8976 | .0001 | |
| Leader Moderation Orientation (LMO) | .0567 | .0700 | .0797 | .8101 | .4187 | |
| | ||||||
| People Orientation (PO) | .2714 | .0382 | .4246 | 7.0971 | .0000 | |
| Supervisor Support (SS) | .2339 | .0794 | .3011 | 2.9444 | .0036 | |
| People Orientation (PO) | .1141 | .0654 | .1784 | 1.7451 | .0823 | |
| | ||||||
Supervisor Support mediates the relationship between LMO and OCB, PO and OCB
If the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable is significant when the mediator is absent from the model, yet insignificant when the mediator is added to the model, the relationship between the independent variable and the dependant variable is said to be completely mediated by the intervening variable (Mackinnon, Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, West & Sheets, 2002).
References
MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7, 83–104.
Muller, R. T., Gragtmans, K., & Baker, R. (2008). Childhood physical abuse, attachment, and adult social support: Test of a mediational model. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 40(2), 80-89
Berlin, L. J., Appleyard, K., & Dodge, K. A. (2011). Intergenerational continuity in child maltreatment: Mediating mechanisms and implications for prevention. Child development, 82(1), 162-176.
