Lab 4 Create your own taxonomic key for a set of 24 butterflies. See the pages on the butterflies pics cutouts. • The butterfly pictures are all labeled with their scientific names. • Note how to form

http://www.cynthia clarke.com/anth215/215_Assignments/3_Genetics_Family/Blank_boa rd.pdf • Here are copies of jumbled chromosome sheets:

http://www.cynthiaclarke.com/anth215/215_Assignments/3_Genetics_Family/Paper_chr omosomes.pdf 4) You will be needing to create 4 karyotypes: 1) Turner syndrome 2) Patau syndrome, 3) Klinefelter’s syndrome; and 4) Down’s syndrome . 5) Scan o r photograph each karyotype and submit with lab work. You may attach these to the data collection form or attach separately. 6) Be sure you label each. Part 2: Pedigrees/Punnett Squares (Ideally, done during lab; if not completed finish outside lab) Proced ure 1) Obtain a copy of the Pre -Lab data from one member of y our lab group , and use this as the basis of the work performed in Part 2. This data should be available under the “Share Your Data” link. 2) If needed, use one or more Punnett Squares to determine the genotype of individual family members 3) Next draw a pedigree tha t one of the traits , as documented for his/her family (pick one of these traits for which there is variability in the family ). a. Use the template and graphing paper. Genetics – Family Procedures 2 b. Be sure to properly label each member of the pedigree, either with name or a letter . 4) Repeat this process for at least two additional tra its . 5) Be sure to attach the photocopy of this person’s Pre -Lab data collection sheet when you submit your work. Part 3: Baby Genetics 1 Background Students will work individually in the lab to produce a baby from the random mixing of genetic traits. Part 3A: Procedure Step 1: Determining the gen etic makeup of the egg and the sperm . 1) You will use a coin and Table 2 to determine the gen etic make -up of the parents ’ sperm or egg . 2) First you need to determine if the sperm contains an X or a Y chromosome. Heads is X and tails is Y. 3) Then d etermine the ge netic makeup of the sperm for each trait listed in Ta ble 2. a. Each side of a coin represents a n allele . Heads represents a dominant trait (left column of Table 2) and each tails represents the recessive trait (right column of Table 2). i. There are 4 autosomal chromosomes (Chromosomes 1-4) ii. There is 1 sex chromosome . b. Toss your coin for each trait listed in Table 2. i. Example: My first coin toss is heads for the eyebrow shape. I record A in Table 3 ii. Example: my second coin toss is tails for eye color. I record b in Table 3. 4) I continue down the list of traits unti l I have recorded data for each of the father’s traits found in father’s sperm in Table 3. 5) Repeat this same process for the mother’s egg . Step 2: Making a baby 1) Combine the genetic materials of both parents and record as the baby’s genotype. a. Exam ple: Father’s sperm contained the A trait, and the mother’s egg did too. Record AA. b. Example: Father’s sperm contained the b trait, and the mother’s egg contained the B trait.

Record Bb c. Continue to combine until all traits are recorded. d. Careful. So me traits are sex. -linked. 2) Next determine the phenotype of the baby. a. It is important to determine the baby phenotype at birth. b. For the offspring’s phenotype use Table 2 as your guide. c. Remember that a CAPITAL letter is dominant over a small letter [recessive] unless the decoding chart indicates those traits are co -dominant, sex -linked, or sex -limited. Part 3B: Questions 1) Complete the debriefing questions found on the Data Collection handout . 2) Use the data from Part 3A to help you answer the questions. 1 Based on an exercise by Dr. Pamela Esprivalo Harrell, University of North Texas, developed an earlier version of "Dragon Genetics" which is described in the January 1997 issue of Science Scope, 20:4, 33 -37.Copyright 2005, Bob Farber, Central High School, Philadelphia, PA [With pe rmission.] Genetics – Family Procedures 3 Table 2: Decoding of the genes Special Note: Remember: This gene scenario does NOT represent the actual human genome. Chromosome # Dominant genes (HEADS) Recessive genes (TAILS) Chromosome 1 A. Arched eyebrow shape B. “Brown” eyes C. Cleft chin D. [DD/Dd] 2 Male: Long eye lashes [DD/Dd] Female: Short eye lashes a. Curved eyebrow shape b. “Blue” eyes c. No cleft chin d. [dd] Short eye lashes (Both sexes) Chromosome 2 F. Freckles G. “Dark” hair H. No hitchhiker’s thumb I. Large eyes J. Flat feet f. No freckles g. Red -haired h. Hitchhiker’s thumb i. Small eyes j. Arched feet Chromosome 3 K. No patterned balding 3 L. [LL/Ll] Male: High forehead4 [LL/Ll]Female: No high forehead M. No middle finger hair N. Normal chin k. [kk] Males: Patterned balding [kk] Females: No patterned balding l. [ll] Male/Female: No high forehead m. M iddle finger hair n. Receding chin Chromosome 4 P. Wide mouth (side -to-side) R. [RR/Rr] No tongue rolling 5 S. [SS] Blue spots forehead [Ss] Green spots on forehead T. Taster p. Narrow mouth r. [rr] Males: Tongue roller [rr] Females: No tongue rolling s. [ss] Yellow spots t. Non -taster Sex Chromosomes [X chromosome] [Y chromosome ] U. Unattached earlobe V. Snoring W. Widow’s peak Z Non -fire breather 6 u. Attached earlobe v. No snoring w. No widow’s peak z. Fire breather Special notes : The egg will have 3 genes (U or u, V or v, and W or w) but no Z or z. The sperm will carry Z or z, if it is populated with a Y chromosome , The spe rm will carry will have 3 genes (U or u, V or v, and W or w) if it is populated with an X chromo some. Differences between sex -limited, sex -influenced, and sex -linked trait: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eek0KpV8jUo 2 Sex -limited trait (expressed in males only ; fe males can carry genes) 3 Sex -influenced trait 4 Sex -limited trait 5 Sex -limited trait 6 Sex -linked trait ; only found on Y chromosome. Name __________________ ______________________ _______________________ Anthropology &215 Special Note: This laboratory is designed with the expectation that you will work alone and then share the data. Grading : For each, use X if completed, P if partially completed, and 0 if not attempted. ___ Table 1: Karyotyping (4 points) ___ Part 2: Three pedigree charts (6 points) ___ Part 3A: Table 3 (4 points) ___ Part 3B: De -briefing questions (3 points) ___ Post -lab baby picture (3 points) _____________________________________________________________________________________ Data Collection (Lab) • Data on these pages are to be completed during the 2 -hour laboratory. • The laboratory is designed with the expectation that you will work alone and then share the data. • Perhaps you might even anticipate the work and pre -plan the teams (hint!) Part 1: Karyotyping Table 1: Karyotype Data (4 poin ts) • You can find the blank sheet here (print 4 copies):

http://www.cynthiaclarke.com/anth215/215_Assignments/3_Genetics_Family/Blank_board.pdf • Here are copies of jumbled chromosome sheets:

http://www.cynthiaclarke.com/anth215/215_Assignment s/3_Genetics_Family/Paper_chromosomes.pd f Once you complete the 4 karyotypes, scan or photograph and submit with lab work as part of your data collection. Part 2: Pedigrees/Punnett Squares Procedure (6 points) 1) Obtain a copy of the Pre -Lab data f rom a classmate (on Canv as under the link called “Share Your Data ”) Use these dat a as the basis of the work performed in Part 2. 2) If needed, use one or more Punnett Squares to determine the genotype of individual family members 3) Next draw a pedigree that one of the traits, as documented for his/her famil y (pick one of these traits for which there is variability in the family). a. Use the template and graphing paper. b. Be sure to properly label each member of the pedigree, either with name or a letter. 4) Repeat this process for at least two additional traits. 5) Be sure to attach the photocopy of this person’s Pre -Lab data collection sheet when you submit your work. Genetics – Family Data Collection 2 Offsp ring’s Genotype : ______ ____ _____ __________________________________ Offsprin g’s Phenotype: _________ ____ __ __________________________ ____ ____ __________________________ ___ _____ __________________________________ Sperm : ____ __ ___ _______ ______________ ____________________________________ Egg :___ _____________ _______ __________ _____________________________________ Offsp ring’s Genotype : _______________ __________________________________ Offsprin g’s Phenotype: _______________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Sperm : ____ __ ___ _______ ______________ ____________________________________ Egg :___ _____________ _________________ _____________________________________ Offsp ring’s Genotype : _______________ __________________________________ Offsprin g’s Phenotype: _______________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Sperm : ____ __ ___ _______ ______________ ____________________________________ Egg :___ _____________ _________________ ______________________ _______________ Offsp ring’s Genotype : _______________ __________________________________ Offsprin g’s Phenotype: _______________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Sperm : ____ __ ___ _______ ______________ ____________________________________ Egg :___ _____________ _________________ _____________________________________ Offsp ring’ s Genotype : _______________ __________________________________ Offsprin g’s Phenotype: _______________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Sperm (X or Y) : ___ _______ ______________ ____________________________________ Egg (X) : ___ _________ ___________ ______ _____________________________________ Part 3 A: Making a baby Table 3: Making Sperm, Egg, and a Baby (Part 3A) (4 points ) Source of Traits: Chromosome 1 Source of Traits: Chromosome 2 Source of Traits: Chromosome 3 Source of Traits: Chromosome 4 Source of Traits: Sex Chromosome Genetics – Family Data Collection 3 Part 3B: Laboratory Debriefing Questions Karyotype questions (Select any one of the genetic defects identified during the lab and answer Qu estions 1-2). 1) What percentage of the population exhibits this defect? (0.5 point) [Computer work; cite your source in APA format] 2) What are the main symptoms of this defect? (0.5 point) [Computer work; cite your source in APA format] Baby questions 1) What is the sex of your baby? _______________ (no points) 2) Complete the table below (2 points) Type of trait Example from scenario ACTUAL example [Computer work ] Sex -influenced trait Sex -linked trait Sex -limited trait ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Draw the Baby 1) This part of the laboratory is worth 3 points . 2) Create a “photo” of the new offspring , which shows the phenotype of the child at birth. You can use the blank pho to or create one from scratch. 3) Any trait which would appear lat er in life and/or those phenotypic traits could not be portrayed , indicate in notes separately .