Evaluate Service Delivery ModelsThe three primary service delivery models in human services are the medical model, the public health model and the human service model. Learners created a case study in

Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW 0

Literature Review

Linda Holmes

Capella University

Literature Review: Human Service Theories

In the case study, Past-Traumatic Distress Disorder was established as one of the major mental problems that are experienced by the veterans when they retire. Taking into account the extreme realities of the military experience, disconnecting from the fellow teammates that provide moral support and reconnecting with the family and society that one has been almost alien poses a major health issue. It is also mental health concern living without weapons that one has been used which would possibly raise the question of the sense of the security to the veterans. Therefore, there is a world of the uncertainties that eventually gives birth the PSDT which poses a health threat to the veterans to the extent of some developing suicidal thoughts. Psychiatrist therapist, a clinical psychologist and counselling therapist are a wider group of the essential group of the personnel that veteran suffering from PSDT look after for assistance. These personnel offers human services which seek to promote the mental wellness which causes them to apply human service theories.

In addressing the mental health issue such as PSDT that veterans suffer from, the two most common human theories that can be used are humanistic theories and psychodynamic theory. These are two important theories therapist use in a great deal to help them provide the solution to the clients with mental disorder such as PDST.

Humanistic theories center themselves in understanding the potential of human beings and the unique characteristics of the individuals (Kabir, 2017). These theories away from the general perceptive and looks at the person from the individual level. It is one of most important in the provision of the human service because it requires each case to be analyzed individually instead of the making general proposition which may act as a deterrent in unravelling the mystery behind the mental disorder. The fact that an individual is suffering from the PSDT does not mean depression or the past experience is the cause but the causative agent will be established if a therapist follows the protocol of the humanistic theories. This is because the situation and experiences of the human beings are unique and also human beings are unique hence it is imperative to analyze each case individually.

Humanistic theories are also used because they create a unique opportunity for the therapist to remove and replace attitude, belief and behavior that do not produce the desired results. It is evident that if the veterans are suffering from the PSDT, some are likely to have suicidal thought while others will have remembrance of the extreme experiences that have negatively impact their mental health. The recap of these memories would require an expert in counselling with clear concepts on how to use humanistic theories to eliminate unhealthy thoughts. One most common humanistic theories that is relevant to the therapist when dealing with thoughts and feelings would be Gestalt therapy (Kabir, 2017).

Kabir (2017) narrates another important feature o the humanistic theories that make suitable for use in addressing PDST which is the ability to make therapists be empathetic. The therapist will be able to help the clients optionally when they get to share with them their feeling. This is principally important because it helps counsellors to come up with a practical solution that will effectively help the clients. Empathy also imppr5ante because it fortifies the relationship between clients and service providers.

Humanistic theories in human services because they create an opportunity for the self-awareness. In other words, they help clients to understand themselves which makes it address their concerns. When clients are helped to identify the source of their problem through self-awareness it then becomes easy to come up with the modalities of the management of the issues that are identified. Therefore, humanistic theories are very important when it comes to human services because they create an atmosphere for support and most importantly they promote individual analysis of a client.

Psychodynamic theory is another human service theory that has been suggested. This theory attempt to determine the past experiences that influence the current course of the action. According to Fulmer (2018), there are four main features of the psychodynamic theory that make it a theory of the choice when it comes to addressing the mental problems and especially PDST that is associated with veterans in the case study. The first feature, it alleges that there are forces behind the scene such as cultural forces. This is an important factor that the therapist needs to evaluate to determine possible psychological forces and cultural pressures that could be responsible for the PDST with or without the conscious of the clients. The theory posits that personality shapes the experiences of the individual. This would require the therapist to determine if there is evidence of the dysfunctional environment that could be possible for the development of certain traits.

The psychodynamic theory presents another powerful feature of the power of the past. It requires critical analysis of activities and experiences of the fact to determine if they could have a bearing on the current behavior. For the veterans, it could be possible that extreme past experiences could have bearing on the current state of PSDT and therefore it would be prudent for the therapist to make consideration of such feature in determining the root cause of the problem. In the nutshell, evaluation of the three features of the psychodynamic theory is critically important for a therapist in determining the best human service that they offer to the clients suffering from mental problems.

References

Fulmer, R. (2018). The Evolution of the Psychodynamic Approach and System. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 10(3).

Kabir, S.M.S. (2017). Essentials of Counseling. Abosar Prokashana Sangstha, ISBN: 978-984-8798-22-5, Banglabazar, Dhaka-1100