Using your readings, podcasts, and independent research as needed... Please define scientific reliability and validity. Discuss whether in your opinion some conceptual construct or an evaluation tool

I love class so this brief video is meant for helping you. Get started on your paper part one the literature if you feel like 1. 1 of the tasks that you have to carry out for the paper is to identify scales measures inventories questionnaires whatever you want to call them know this is the same thing. That you can use to measure the 2. Main problems that you identified for your client annual case summary OK so we're going to use the vector oppression inventory as an example I just go through this process of 1st of all finding a suitable scale and then. Use for validation studies research articles. That provide data supporting the reliability and the from the duty of the sky OK so this is the best depression inventories been very widely used for many years and just a quick point here see this. Indicates that. There is a. Pharmaceutical company. Sponsoring this this. So this is the the P.D.I. to this 2nd version it contains 20 we we're looking at the $21.00 question version there is a shorter 13 question as a $21.00 question Asian and. There are 21 questions this is an explanation of what the scale consists of. Each answer scored on a scale of 0 to 3. And. This explaining the cutoff. Used to determine the Neville of depression the client has after completing this questionnaire of change from the original so they use it now 0 to 13 is minimal depression 1419 mild depression 2028 moderate depression 292638 severe depression so high in the The idea is that high a total scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms on U.C. scale. Another important thing in here is you see there is some instruction now. That that tells the person who's completing the. The scale the inventory. What they've got to do as an aside here when you create your yourself made scale which is another part of the assignment. Make sure that you give us a. Simple set of instructions on how to complete your selfmade. Scale OK. Back to this so anyway the back oppression him and Terry. Was. There is a link between this and the D.S.M.. Diagnosis of. Depressive Disorder which later became a major depressive disorder and. Beck has attempted to match the questions with the diagnostic criteria found in the D.S.M.. This raises an important question. Because the D.S.M. is not is not known for being scientifically valid or reliable. So this is. If it turns out not to be. Providing us with a scientific description of the real. Thing we call depression. Then that could impact the. The actual usefulness of meaningfulness of this kind of O.U.I. that's a whole different discussion practice that is a well used well known skull and it serves the purpose of being an example for how to you know. How to find a suitable scale and then to look to the scale world OK. Good research article. Which would constitute a validation study for this scale so you can see these different. These different. Categories. That according to back. Constitutes kind of a definition of depression these different things are aspects of depression according to back. So then you have the book once once the person has completed the inventory they just. Add up that the score was. According to the cutoff given right with getting you determine the level of depression try OK So then let's go to validation studies that look at this. So this is. From the International Journal of mental health nursing so if you if you read and are working in a crisis stabilize a ship you need to have a correct receive facility your view if you alongside mental health nurses. So that you know we we have certain overlaps in the work that we do. So this is a critique of the P.D.I. and its use of mental health Nessie So just take a look at the important things that make this article a good validation study. So we see here just an introduction to a bit of background about the beady eye that it was. Just like you saw it has a corporate sponsor so it was. A pharmaceutical corporate sponsor but it was designed to. In a way to prove the efficacy of antidepressant drugs if you used to be before the person starts treatment you get a certain measure to depression and then you can use it to throughout treatment and in the end of treatment 2 you can. Theoretically. Measure the client's improvement. Using this scale. And here the article is talking about the relationship between banks scale and the. The D.S.M. and how they scale this very morning is did you find. To become this compatible as possible with the D.S.M.. Definition of this. This construct we call depression. So then the the article goes on to talk about the strengths of the B.V.I. easy to use in school and then we go on to this very important section here it starts talking about reliability so he hears that he's going to he's come to give us some confirmation Alpha's which is what we're looking for what if you file for us. And our phones are our 1st range between 0 and one and these schools are really very good. 0.93 for college students 0.92 for psychiatric outpatients. And I've. Met analysis a number of studies who were good average. 0.91 so these figures are great as far as a liability is concerned that. The. Meet the criteria would be advisable study. However these caution here. That one group of research is of suggested P.D.I. may not be reliable for longer periods of time in known clinical samples after finding that Beady Eye schools declined by 40 percent of the 2 month long clinical sample. This was. A small role $170.00 Dorie as far as fix. Trees concerned but if. There is. A fair amount of evidence of its survival tool and look onto villages he is is the video I measuring depression is it measuring what we think it's measuring it measure with host to be measuring what it says it's. So. Here we sit here we see that according to these researches the contents of the face of the of the video to argue to be very high because the items of the video to now closely mirror the standard D.S.M. 4 this is written by the. Diagnostic criteria for depression so. That's where the kind of. 100 anyway. That the D.S.M. 4 is being taken as scientific fact here and so because the scale. Closely mirrors the diagnostic create criteria for depression in the D.S.M. 4 in this case. It's being being stated to her very high. Political. Problem is that the D.S.M. has not passed such. Rigorous test. And was different kinds of from the you hopefully will learned all about these and the. Videos about reliability and that see now the level of discriminative validity for the V.D.I. is less clear what that meaning is. Does it does it just is it able to discriminate between people who are actually depressed and people who are not depressed and so it doesn't seem to do so well there however if we take if we go the way of determining Flutie is if. We compare the results of the P.D.I. with the results of other depression scales other branches of depression and if they correlate highly then we can say that. These The fact that the case. Validates the the the I. Because. It also gives the same. The same kind of indications regarding depression as other well known well established measures of depression OK. So the summarizing then means for for the V.D.I. of his to lie his ease of use widespread utilize ation very good internal reliability high content validity when compared to the D.S.M. for criteria for depression good convergence for the other similar depression rating scales and a somewhat stable factor structure factor structure OK but that means factor structure actually if. You don't know about the causes of the statistics. All right. Then it's it's important to. Note when you when you're looking for articles some of Asian studies it's important to note. What population the. The instrument being used was normed on right so in this case the V.D.I. says it has no actual launch population norms per se so it's difficult to determine if any given individual's level of depression as determined by the V.D.I. is normal in any sense of what word so that's kind of a problem. Yeah you know do you know the original sample from which the beady eye to a standardized was predominantly Caucasian and is greatly missed representative of the U.S. population at large so that you sometimes find is that. The. Sound poll. That it's used for. The cooks standardizing the. Scale the tree question whatever. We did with that population that it was normal and on what is not necessarily representative all of wider population or sometimes you know. A scale of only even. One of only big normed on male participants. Nobody else. Are exceptions so this these these kind of these kind of. Things can. Kind of come because of the defect. Here saying that women tend to score higher on the B.T.I. than men for this would be one of those and. That is suggested here that that may be because the because some off the items on the scale show gender bias. And also several problems with the way that I feel is content to be the word you wanted and waited. Because each of a few you go back to the scale itself each of the items have equal weight. Because you just you're just scoring each item and then adding up the total. But the question is. For example you do suicidal for soul wishes. Right is that really equivalent to something my changes in appetite for feeling tired on boss of interest in sex I mean devoted to those really. Quite to the extent that you could wait to the quickly the answer is obviously no so there is criticism on the V.D.I.. Then again then another another problem with any kind of questioning is the order in which the I'm too soft place because sometimes this can create. Test taking a moment such as. A person. Just hearing you sound as if several offers of notice you know that the obvious ordering of **** in the video I may need to response is reflective of faking social desirability that is that person. Gives the answers that they think the person of mainstream test wants them to get. Laid off alternatively they don't want to be. Putin in a negative way so they get off of things that they think will make them look better and it's cetera All right so that's that's always something you have to consider that any question in. Order to attract just adding up the score is. And there's the bit about should early morning awakening be counted do the same balance as guilt or suicidality not as if they are of equal importance in determining determining a person's level to oppression. And. The creators of the video I have offered no justification for such a stance. The V.D.I. is supposedly a theoretical However it is linked to particular cognitive behavioral perspective as Fast 5 back to his colleagues and so. In that sense it's not a theoretical This is sort of it's sort of reflects back on. Views on this abstract called struck. The recall depression. So there is that there. Was specks no different from anybody else in very his own theory laden this fictive and concepts will filters. To his thought. Process. OK so other other criticisms say you can read. The whole story so thanks. To you have selected items that reflect a theoretical stance whereby the problem in this case depression is seen to live within the individual and. Neglect. The multitude of external factors that could be impacted person. Such as I believe and discrimination based You just search it searching for a. Problem because he's taking a certain way. Because this is very much a medical model you're depressed a. Chemical Imbalance is he is a myth. And you know more about this but just for us to say there is no. Scientific basis for most of this chemical balance theorizing. You know this stuff happens person's life is very likely to. Be what we call depression. It's not necessary to do the genes of. Biochemistry. I think. That's another home of the debate let's get back to the. Task at hand here. All right so. This isn't the point here that the V.D.I. exhibits the spiritual problem of reification with a tendency to view abstract concepts as actual entities that is the creation of the video I would have us believe that the simple process of adding up the houses to 21 questions about various symptoms and I choose allows us to measure with a single number the quantity over and liability identifiable The whole question as if we were measuring the weight or height of an individual OK So this is so again. Down to the whole you know what is what are these so called mental health conditions. You know we're we develop the whole system of labeling and. Identifying labeling and treating these so-called mental illnesses as if things were made a whole nation who. Come to use the medical model and of course it's suits. The health insurance companies should sue speak pharma suits the OS of the system. Is really based on. Good science so the question. Of. Issues of alive if you do if you D.S.M. 4 this is a good article because it actually raises this point. After coefficients for the diagnosis of depression most point 25 so that this is this is a massive debate but it's important to recognize that this. So-called mental health or psychiatric Bible the D.S.M. 5 now. We take it as it is. As factual. But it's really a compilation of expert opinion. Does not or has not. To this point in time. Provided a scientific basis. And so. Their liability to important to remember. OK so. It. Could cost you. So that's that's that constitutes a very good excellent in fact awful Don't use this one though if you should if you decide to if you decide to use if you're if you one of your clients problems is depression and you want to use the victim Persian inventory that's fine but please find your own. Nation studies phone just use this one because part of this. Exercise that you know of one is choose to do research yourself you'll find plenty of other. Research articles on the V.D.I. OK that's it for now. So.