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COUN 6785: Social Change in Action:

Prevention, Consultation, and Advocacy

Social Change Portfolio

J. Cosme

Contents

Below are the titles for each section of the Social Change Portfolio. To navigate directly to a particular section, hold down <ctrl> and click on the desired section below.

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Introduction

Scope and Consequences

Social-ecological Model

Theories of Prevention

Diversity and Ethical Considerations

Advocacy

INTRODUCTION

Sex trafficking is the exploitation of any person by means of sexual exchange by way of transporting them from one place to another against their will. The victim is coerced and recruited by a trafficker in a variety of ways, provided for in some small way, transported to a different location, harbored against their will and then made to give sexual favors to the trafficker’s clients. For the victims who are not rescued or who do not escape, they are trapped in sexual slavery. They are provided food, clothing and many times travel by force of their traffickers, even abroad, to fulfill the requests of the clients they serve. Victims are targeted when in distress, having low self-esteem, being a run-away or just being naive to manipulation. Both boys and girls are victims of this global health crises with girls entering the trade, generally, at 12-years-old and boys as young as 11-years-old, generally (U.S. Department of Justice, National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, n.d.).

PART 1: SCOPE AND CONSEQUENCES

I will be focusing on the target health problem of sex trafficking in Phoenix, AZ. Sex trafficking is most prevalent in the United States (Fortune, 2020), contributing to a billion dollar industry (Niethammer, C., 2020) and is the second largest industry in the world. Arizona is a hotspot for traffickers because of an ideal climate, many major sporting attractions that make maneuvering with victims seemingly undetectable and connection to five different U.S. borders not including Mexico, leaving traffickers and their victims various points of entry and escape.

The Polaris Project (2020), a non-profit that operates the National Human Trafficking Hotline, details there are three top trafficking tiers which are sex trafficking, labor trafficking and sex and labor trafficking. Labour trafficking, as you can imagine, is when a trafficker lures an unassuming victim to prospects of a better life through employment, details of which are never true, only to hold onto the victims credentials so they cannot escape once arrived. Victims are enslaved, forced to work under illegal conditions, under paid or not paid at all, beaten, raped and many times killed for fear from the trafficker of revealing the operation. Of these three tiers, there has been a 25% increase in cases from 2017 to 2018. There have been 23,078 survivors identified, 10,949 human trafficking cases, 5,859 potential traffickers and 1,905 suspicious businesses. A screening tool called QYIT (Quick Youth Indicators for Trafficking) was validated (Children and Youth Services Review, 2019) and found that homeless youth were the most susceptible to become trafficked. For an estimated year and a half, 307 participants were assessed with results being 66.7% (20) had been sex trafficked, 46.7% had been labor trafficked and 16.7% had experienced both forms of trafficking (Children and Youth Services Review, 2019). Completely thorough estimates of trafficking victims cannot be known because of the unscrupulous nature of the crime (Farrell, McDevitt, & Fahy, 2010; Farrell & Pfeffer, 2014; Farrell & Reichert, 2017; US Department of State, 2002, US Department of State, 2006).

All forms of trafficking are heinous, however, child sex trafficking is especially horrific for obvious reasons and therefore has been my focus. There are endless mental and physical consequences in all of these circumstances (Greenbaum, J., & Bodrick, N., 2017) and they must be vindicated by reform. In Arizona specifically, the local government agencies and non-profit organizations have taken a stand to become a model for the rest of the country to stand, fight and disband all forms of trafficking. These offices make a loud voice to be heard throughout the state that trafficking will not be tolerated here and for that I am grateful. There is a task force comprised of police, social workers, public agencies and other resources that make up a coalition against trafficking in Arizona as a preventative measure, they can be found here: https://www.phoenix.gov/district2site/Documents/City%20of%20Phoenix%20COMPASS%20Plan.pdf. Overall, human slavery never ended, it just sounds different. Whether labour or sex or both, people are not free and are living their days in misery and grief. Preventative measures will only help those in need if it is a collective effort. Education on what the signs are, what numbers to call, how to help and how to stay vigilant is a great start of fighting this global problem.

PART 2: SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL MODEL

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PART 3: THEORIES OF PREVENTION

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PART 4: DIVERSITY AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

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PART 5: ADVOCACY

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Citations

2018 U.S. National Human Trafficking Hotline Statistics. (2020, February 13). Retrieved from

https://polarisproject.org/2018-us-national-human-trafficking-hotline-statistics/

Greenbaum, J., & Bodrick, N. (2017). Global Human Trafficking and Child

Victimization. Pediatrics, 140(6). doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-3138

Hotline Statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://humantraffickinghotline.org/states

https://fortune.com/2019/04/14/human-sex-trafficking-us-slavery/

https://www.phoenix.gov/district2site/Documents/

City%20of%20Phoenix%20COMPASS%20Plan.pdf

Niethammer, C. (2020, February 4). Cracking The $150 Billion Business Of Human Trafficking.

Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/carmenniethammer/2020/02/02/cracking-

the-150-billion-business-of-human-trafficking/#24e67df14142