Topic: Briefly summarize the foundations of Western Civilization from the Agricultural Revolution to the Middle Ages: What were the key pillars of Western Civilizations and how did they develop?Requir

Running head: ROMAN EMPIRE 0

Introduction

The Roman empire was the republican post period in ancient Rome. It was a significant political entity that included vast territories. It was based at a place in the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, North Africa, and western Asia. Emperors were ruling it, and they are the ones who had the supreme authority over all the territories. This paper will mainly focus on how the empire expanded and the reasons for its decline. 

Reasons for the rise of the Roman Empire.

The Roman empire is one of the most successful empires in the world. There were some reasons behind this. One of them was the Roman army (Armstrong, & Fronda 2019).  Roman empire army was one of the largest and cruelest forces in the olden world. For this brutality, they were able to conquer more areas and hence the expansion of the empire. They were well organized with better fighting techniques that suppressed many other armies around the empire. Whenever they went to war, they brought back to victory. They had a very disciplined army, and on top of this, they were more advanced than other troops in the region in terms of weapons, vessels, and other components of war.

The roman army was blessed intellectually whenever they took over a territory; they ruled, allowing there subject to run their errand undisrupted, giving them even a chance to have the roman residency. Another thing that brought the success of the Roman Empire was that they had invested highly in the infrastructure, mainly on their roads that are famous to date. These roads did ease navigation both for the army and the traders. Farm produce was traded in the available markets lifting high Roman’s economy. These roads not only easing transport but also increased and improved the economy positively and in a more excellent way. Through this, the government was able to pay the army as well as other government officials. 

The Romans were good at organizing. Due to their excellent organizations, they were able to rule a number of the territories that they conquered. They organized themselves, and they were able to carry out trade. Through trade, a lot of o money was generated through the taxes. This raised revenue for the Roman government, which helped the government-run with minimal financial challenges. They organized themselves in wok groups. They could work together, and this made work easy and fast. 

Reasons for the fall of the roman empire.

After much vastness of the empire, some reasons led to the decline of the empire. Some of the ideas were experienced internally and others externally, but after all, they led to the fall of the Roman Empire (King, Case, & Roosa, 2019). One of the primary reasons was Government corruption and political instability. These Leadership problems arose in the roman government only projected and led to the fall of the once most successful government. The government had taken so much time conquering and expanding its borders to the point that it became hard to govern, leaving its territories weak. 

Overexpansion of the army and overspending was the other problem. Due to the expansion of the military, Rome used a lot of its resources to sustain the soldiers. Overexpansion also brought about the issue of mismanagement of the soldiers. Some started revolving against the government, most notably when there was the lateness of their salaries. Through much of the money being channeled to sustain the Roman army other areas in the kingdom such as the advancement in technology. The other countries improved their technology, which led to the defeat of the Roman empire in many areas. This was due to the scarcity of resources since a lot went to the army. 

The rise of the eastern empire was the other great challenge of the empire. Rome grew more substantial, and for this reason, it was divided into two. For a time, it was well manageable, but after time the two halves started drifting apart. When this happened, both halves were unable to work together to curb the incoming threats. Both started fighting for resources as well as the military. The division in the army added more problems. These drifts created a vacuum for attack from other areas, and hence this led to the weakening of the empire. Due to this reason, the realm drifted more apart, which was a significant cause of failure. 

There were some effects of the decline of Roman rule (Roman, & Palmer, 2019). One of these effects was the decline of the population. When the Roman empire failed , a lot of people were ferried into the Germanic tribes. Mainly they went to support the civil wars that were taking place. Another thing was the rise of the city-states. Since at that time, there was not a single kingdom that could have united all the different countries city-states that had their own different beliefs started rising. They opposed the rulings of the roman empire leading to more decline. 

One of the most important legacies in the Rome government was its governance. The united states have three arms of governance that are alike to the Roman republic (Delanty, 2019). Roman law did have a important effect mainly in the modern-day laws of many countries. The architecture of their buildings did influence a lot of today's designs mainly in Rome. Engineering and construction were the other types of legacy that was perfected by the Roman government. Many of their buildings are what have spread much of their buildings and innovations through engineering. They did build houses and roads. 

References

Armstrong, J., & Fronda, M. P. (Eds.). (2019). Romans at War: Soldiers, Citizens, and Society in the Roman Republic. Routledge.

Delanty, G. (2019). The Greco-Roman and Judaic Legacies. In Formations of European Modernity (pp. 27-49). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

King, D. L., Case, C. J., & Roosa, J. L. (2019). THE COMPREHENSIVE TAXATION SYSTEM EXISTING DURING THE ROMAN EMPIRE. JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTING, 64.

Roman, S., & Palmer, E. (2019). The Growth and Decline of the Western Roman Empire: Quantifying the Dynamics of Army Size, Territory, and Coinage. Cliodynamics, 10(2).