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Social Determinants of Health

All humans want to be happy and live happy. Enjoying life, is a common goal. When a person is sick or is not healthy, life cannot be enjoyed to its full extent and happiness appears more distant. The question is, what does it take for a person to be healthy? and what does health really means?

The answers could majorly philosophical. We have all seen people that are presumably healthy that die suddenly. Clearly these people were nurturing a major illness that was going to suddenly take their life away. In the US this type of catastrophic event occurs in nearly 500,000 people annually. (SCAF 2014). Aside from this special circumstance, when we talk about health we mean those people free of any chronic degenerative disease that impairs their life. So, the question is:

What determines people to be healthy?

We know there are some social, personal, economic and environmental factors that may influence someone’s health. These, “determinants of health” are: Policymaking, Social Factors, Health Services, Individual Behavior and Biology and Genetics.

Policy making is that step when the state has developed a policy that has to be followed. Sanctions may be present for those who do not respect it. A classic example is that, when using the seat belt became a policy and eventually a law.

Social factors are those where social support, interactions with other people and socioeconomic conditions come into play. All of those factors affecting our daily life such as transportation, employment and the kind of environment the offer, as well as the kind of food we eat belong to the social factors that may determine the health of a population.

The kind of health care a country or a community has, is also very important determinant of health. If a country has a strong or solid healthcare system, the population would tend to benefit from those services. The access, availability and cost of those health services would be factors that will impact on how many people will benefit from these services.

Each one of us behavior or our individual behavior is another determinant of health. The decisions a person will take, will impact in hers of his health. A classic example is quitting smoking or adopting a healthy eating style.

Finally, biology and genetics clearly play a role. Biology refers to the aging process itself, whereas genetics, refers to that predisposition with which one is born.

I believe health is easier to be achieved and kept when all the factors are favorable or in place. Distinguishing a specific factor to be more influential than the others seems to be a daunting task. Each one of the determinants of health plays an important role. If any of the factors is missing, even though health could still be attainable, it would be more difficult than if all the determinants were in place.

If I had absolutely the mission to choose one, I would choose individual behavior as the most influential. If a specific person knows what she or he needs to do and what kind of lifestyle is needed to be healthy, then she or he would shape its environment towards becoming a healthy environment. Humans are the only species that can shape their place of living or their environment to what they need to live. Even if other determinants are adversary, if the person knows what it takes to stay healthy, she or he would do whatever it would take to achieve that goal.

No matter how healthy a community may be, there will always be subtle or marked disparities of health. Disparities of health are those differences seen in health outcomes between populations. Disparities of health are those that are determined by factors such as race, sex, sexual behavior, disability, socioeconomic status and geographic location. All these contribute to the individual’s ability to achieve good health. Every healthcare system tries to attain the highest level of health in a fair distribution of among the public. Healthy 2020, is a federal program that was developed with the purpose to attain this goal. It is a multiyear process that that reflects the input from a diverse group of individuals and organization. (Healthypeople 2020 2014).

Determinants and disparities of health are intimately related. Frequently minorities and people of lower socioeconomic status have less access to health services and health education, the environment where they grow is usually not conducive to a healthier behavior, furthermore, these conditions are also conducive of teen aging pregnancy which by itself also is conducive or even less education, poorer conditions and less exposure to education and health access. As we can see, for example, obesity affects more the less educated people and minorities. Teen aging pregnancy, is also more prevalent among the less affluent people and minorities, being the African American and Hispanics the more affected groups.

As long as there is a significant difference among education of the public and socioeconomic levels, there will continue to be health disparities.

I believe that the best tool for health equity which is defined as “the fair distribution of health determinants, outcomes, and resources within and between segments of the population, regardless of social standing”, (Perrin 2016) is education.

The more educated and developed a country is, the more health equity a country achieves.

References

Healthy People 2020. Office of Disease Prevention and Promotion. (2018). Healthypeople.gov. Determinants of Health. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/Determinants-of-Health. Extracted February 22, 2018.

Healthy People 2020. Office of Disease Prevention and Promotion. (2014). Healthypeople.com.gov. History and Development of Health People. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/About-Healthy-People/History-Development-Healthy-People-2020. Extracted February 22, 2018.

Perrin, K. (2016). Essentials of Planning and Evaluation for Public Health. Burlington, Massachusetts. Jones and Bartlett Learning.

Sudden Cardiac Arrest Foundation. (2014). You Can Save a Life Anywhere, AHA Releases Heart and Stroke Statistics. http://www.sca-aware.org/sca-news/aha-releases-2015-heart-and-stroke-statistics. Extracted February 22, 2018.