PS490 Research Studies Directions: Be sure to save an electronic copy of your answer before submitting it to Ashworth College for grading. Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and be

Lecture Notes

Bibliography

A bibliography is sometimes referred to as a reference list or references of works cited, which includes all of the publication details. It could also be an extensive list that not only identifies sources cited in the report but also represents the research you have done in preparing to write and suggests further reading on the topic you have researched.

Bibliographies are not limited to printed materials. Resources for research come in different forms:

1. Printed materials – books, newspapers, magazines, journals

2. Online resources - books, newspapers, magazines, journals

3. Interviews

4. Video clips

5. Audio tapes

6. Speeches

Citing your sources in a bibliography should include information details such as:

1. Author’s name

2. Year of publication/production

3. Name or title of publication and or/article, or production

4. Place of publication/production

5. Name of publisher

6. If online resource, date it was downloaded or retrieved

Annotated Bibliography

When a bibliography is accompanied by annotations, it is called an Annotated Bibliography. Annotations are usually brief descriptions and evaluation of each source, to give the reader of the research paper, review or article a summary of different sources on a topic.

Here is a sample format to help students understand what is required in an annotation:

(Retrieved on April 27, 2014 from: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20090309032047_614.pdf)

Annotated bibliographies first cite a specific source, followed by a brief description of the main ideas and comments about the source. It is important to know that these annotations do not represent a review of the source, as in a literature review discussed in the previous module. However, they are very helpful and serve as good guides when the researcher starts writing the Literature Review.

For annotated bibliographies, use standard APA format for the citations, then add a brief entry, including:

2 to 4 sentences to summarize the main idea(s) of the source:

• What are the main arguments?

• What is the point of this book/article?

• What topics are covered?

1 or 2 sentences to assess and evaluate the source:

• How does it compare with other sources in your bibliography?

• Is this information reliable?

• Is the source objective or biased?

1 or 2 sentences to reflect on the source:

• Was this source helpful to you?

• How can you use this source for your research project?

• Has it changed how you think about your topic?

Important Reminder: Every time you take a note, be sure to write down all bibliographical information to include author, book title, article title, page numbers, volume number, publisher name and date.

As a closing note, to comply with APA formatting standards for your overall paper:

Your essay should be typed, double-spaced on standard-sized paper (8.5" x 11") with 1" margins on all sides. You should use a clear font that is highly readable. APA recommends using 12 pt. Times New Roman font.

Include apage header (also known as the "running head") at the top of every page. To create a page header/running head, insert page numbers flush right. Then type "TITLE OF YOUR PAPER" in the header flush left using all capital letters. Therunning head is a shortened version of your paper's title and cannot exceed 50 characters including spacing and punctuation.

Your essay should include four major sections: the Title Page, Abstract, Main Body, and References. For additional information on the essay structure, visit https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/.