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Kitaoka, T., Morimoto, M., Hashimoto, T., Tsuda, Y., Nakatsu, T., & Kyotani, S. (2020). Evaluation of the efficacy of drug treatment based on measurement of the oxidative stress, using reactive oxygen metabolites and biological antioxidant potential, in children with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40780-020-00164-w

Sharda, M., Tuerk, C., Chowdhury, R., Jamey, K., Foster, N., Custo-Blanch, M., … Hyde, K. (2018). Music improves social communication and auditory-motor connectivity in children with autism. Translational Psychiatry, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-018-0287-3

Yu, Y., Chaulagain, A., Pedersen, S. A., Lydersen, S., Leventhal, B. L., Szatmari, P., … Skokauskas, N. (2020). Pharmacotherapy of restricted/repetitive behavior in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-2477-9

Cooper, K., Loades, M., & Russell, A. (2018). Adapting psychological therapies for autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 45, 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2017.11.002

Why you chose this article and how it relates to the issue of interest (a brief explanation of the ethics of research)

The article evaluates the potency of the pharmacotherapeutic approach in ASD patients based on the measurement of oxidative stress. However, the article focuses on autistic patients that manifest attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The overall goal of the article is to assess the efficacy of treatment which is related to my clinical issue

ASD patients have neurodevelopmental disorders including auditory and communication deficiencies. This study was therefore relevant to my clinical issue

The article is a literature review on the treatment of ASD patients with restricted/repetitive behaviors. This is a non-experimental study therefore it has little ethical concerns.

This article explores behavioral therapy including CBT in treating depression as well as ASD related emotional issues. The study also evaluates the skills needed by healthcare workers tasked with caring for ASD patients.

Brief description of the aims of the study

The study evaluates the use of oxidative stress markers such as levels reactive oxygen metabolites in serum in assessing the efficacy of pharmacological treatment in ASD/ADHD patients

The study assesses the outcomes of music intervention compared to non-music intervention on brain connectivity and social communication.

The purpose of the study was to review and evaluate the efficacy of current medications prescribed for RRBs in autism

The study surveys therapists' skills and experience when working with ASD patients as well as highlighting the gaps and needs that need to be considered.

Brief description of research methodology (quantitative or qualitative)

The study included 50 subjects. Eligibility criteria included patients already diagnosed with ASD/ADHD. Measures included indicators of oxidative stress and indicators of antioxidant capacity. The study was an experimental quantitative study.

The study utilized a quantitative approach which involved measures such as age, gender, verbal IQ as well as social communication

The study was a qualitative one that involved searching research databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus for relevant literature. Relevant publications were retrieved then analyzed.

The study took a qualitative approach. A total of 50 therapists participated in the study. They took a training event and completed a survey on their experiences utilizing CBT in autistic patients.

Strengths of the research including validity and reliability

The study had several limitations. For instance, the environmental factors were not accounted for even though such factors can potentially impact study findings. Nonetheless, the sample size was not sufficient. These negatively impacted the validity and reliability of the study results.

The sample size was quite modest based on eligibility criteria. This improved the validity of the research findings

The findings from previous research studies were consistent with the current findings. This boosted the reliability of the study.

There were no particular strengths of the study. However, the is notable bias as the therapists were self-selected are may not be a representative of all the therapists working with ASD patients

General notes/comments

The positive study results indicate that oxidative stress markers may be used, however, further research using a larger sample size might be appropriate.

Future research should focus on identifying specific individuals whose profiles could benefit most from music therapy

The study had numerous limitations hence research studies on other mechanisms of reducing RRBs in ASD patients should be explored.

The data on knowledge and experience was not stratified hence further research is crucial to inform therapists on developments in CBT.