(please retain and use the 4 articles being referenced for intext and reference citations along with any of your own scholorly references) The purpose of this assignment is to COMPLETE a paper that w
Running head: RESEARCH SUMMARIES 0
Research Summaries
PSYCH 495
Abnormal Emotional Processing and Emotional Experience in Patients with Peripheral Facial Nerve Paralysis: A MEG Study
In a review analysis of this article, “Abnormal Emotional Processing and Emotional Experience in Patients with Peripheral Facial Nerve Paralysis: A MEG Study,” several conclusions were made. The study by Kheirkhah et al. (2020) aimed to examine how the brain reacts abnormally to situations in clients with facial nerve paralysis. The research question for this study was investigating patients with facial nerve paralysis based on their brains’ unusual emotional responses. The hypothesis for the study was to evaluate an emotion grading task to determine variations in such patients. Through this, it would be easier to discover the brain’s abnormal emotional reactions for patients living with facial nerve paralysis syndrome.
The author’s used 33 subjects, both male and female. However, 17 of the subjects in this study were healthy, and 16 were identified patients with facial nerve paralysis condition. The female subjects were 25, and the remaining number were male. The method used to test the research question and hypothesis was a logistic regression machine learning technique with LASSO regularization. The patients’ diagnosis was made using spectrums of brain frequency bands to test the differences in emotional reaction.
According to Kheirkhah et al. (2020), healthy subjects have less emotional reactions or responses than patients with facial nerve paralysis. All the tests were based on unpleasant, pleasant, and neutral stimuli for both subjects for the study. These results established that there is a classification accuracy of brain-neutral responses for healthy people and facial nerve paralysis patients. It was because patients didn’t want to experiment. This study showcased that there is a difference in emotional brain processing for facial nerve paralysis patients as compared to healthy people.
Emotional Factors Contributing to Facial Paralysis
Goldberg and Harte have shared quick facts facial paralysis in this article, “Emotional Factors Contributing to Facial Paralysis,” which was published initially in 1972. As the title of the topic suggests, the authors focused on investigating emotional aspects that contributed to facial paralysis. The research question for this study was to examine the emotional factors that majorly resulted in facial paralysis among patients with this related syndrome. The hypothesis was to identify the historical reviews of emotions for the subjects of the study. Also, to ascertain facial nerve variations from different physiological blocks that completed the degeneration of paralysis.
The subjects used in this study were that patients affected with facial paralysis since the main objective was to ascertain the emotional factors that could lead to paralysis degeneration. According to Goldberg & Harte (1972), determining psychological factors effects requires examining marital backgrounds, vocational aspects, and pre-morbid personalities. The methodology used for this study based on data generated from healthcare organizations with facial paralysis patients. The examination of the emotional status based on a psychiatric method assessment to ascertain the levels of emotional trauma if available for each patient. More than 100 patients were examined to outline the rate number of emotional trauma experienced.
The finding of this research was that emotional trauma preceded the onset of facial paralysis patients. Every seven patients out of forty-four experienced psychological trauma that caused their facial paralysis; thus, the research question was attested. This study is significant because it has stated some of the etiological factors of facial paralysis, which is emotional trauma. It has contributed an understanding of what’s required to control patients with facial paralysis conditions. This study has also demonstrated that emotional crisis and severe anxiety should be avoided because it can lead to facial paralysis in the long run.
Bell’s Palsy and Autoimmunity
In this article, “Bell’s Palsy and Autoimmunity,” the authors focused on a discussion about disease etiopathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of Bell’s palsy. It is a syndrome that affects the idiopathic peripheral facial nerve. In a review analysis of this study, the author’s articulated all unilateral facial nerve palsy to outline the prevalence of the Bell’s palsy nerve condition and autoimmunity. The research questions that were being tested included reviewing the current knowledge of Bell’s palsy etiopathogenesis, the viral infection frequency, and autoimmunity. The hypothesis for the research study was to discuss the pathogenesis of this nerve syndrome basing on pharmacotherapy. As a result, to understand the etiology of Bell’s palsy and its autoimmunity.
The subjects used to develop this research based on relevant publications on Bell’s palsy condition using clinical presentation, histopathology, etiopathogenesis, and diagnosis of this condition. All the research publications used in this study were from 1975-2012 to ascertain the frequency of this syndrome in patients. The number of these publications was 82. The method used to establish Bell’s palsy frequency was built from the 82 relevant publications. The etiology, diagnosis, treatment, autoimmunity, and clinical presentation of this syndrome in patients were outlined and discussed. According to Greco, Marinelli, Marci, & De Vincentiis, (2012), Bell’s palsy accounts for 60-75% of unilateral facial nerve diseases, and the annual occurrence is 15-30 people per 100,000 persons. Also, it was found that it caused by the reactivation of latent herpes viruses from cranial nerve ganglia. However, it was concluded that Bell’s palsy is an autoimmune condition. As a result, the hypothesis and research questions were both tested and discussed. This study’s importance is that the diagnosis, occurrence, treatment, and the history of Bell’s palsy are given.
Disrupted Functional Connectivity of Striatal Sub-Regions in Bell’s Palsy Patients
Striatal functional connectivity in people with a motor disorder such as Parkinson’s disease have limited research studies. In this article, “Disrupted Functional Connectivity of Striatal Sub-Regions in Bell’s Palsy Patients,” numerous facts have been made regarding motor disorders. The purpose of the study was to investigate how striatum controls motor functions in people and how its degeneration can cause severe disorders. The research question was to examine how functional connectivity is affected by peripheral nerve injury between the motor cortex and the striatum. This study focused on Bell’s palsy (BP) clients and healthy people to ascertain the difference.
The subjects used to carry out this study were 25 Chinese right-handed patients with left/right-sided BP syndrome. Out of the 25 subjects, 15 were male, and ten were female without psychiatric disorders. The methodology used was MRI data processing, with each subjects’ eyes scanned and a seed-based approach applied to eliminate correlations. According to Song et al. (2017), BP patients had disrupted striatal because the striatum and the putamen were affected. The condition was regardless of gender. Contrarily, the healthy people had stronger functional connectivity because of the strong sensorimotor area. The disruptive functional connectivity was all factored by nerve injury of the caudate and putamen.
This study has helped lay out a comprehensive understanding of striatal functional connectivity in patients with BP syndrome. Through this, it is easier to identify what causes BP syndrome condition, and it can help in identifying recovery solutions for such patients. Still, more studies must be developed to examine disruptive functional connectivity for BP patients in acute, late, and recovery stages. This study has shared the vital role that striatum plays in motor functions in the human body system.
References
Goldberg, J. M., & Harte, S. (1972). Emotional factors contributing to facial paralysis. Journal
Of Geriatrics Sociology. Vol 7, p.324-329. Wiley Online Library.
Greco, A., Gallo, M., Marinelli, C., Macri, G. F., & De Vincentiis, M. (2012). Bell’s Palsy and
autoimmunity. Autoimmunity Reviews, 12(2), 323-328. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568997212001152
Kheirkhah, M., Brodoehl, S., Leistritz, L., Götz, T., Baumbach, P., Huonker, R., Witte, O. W.,
Volk, G. F., Guntinas-Lichius, O., & Klingner, C. M. (2020). Abnormal emotional processing and emotional experience in patients with peripheral facial nerve paralysis: A MEG study. Brain Sciences (2076-3425), 10(3), 147. Retrieved from https://doi-org.ezproxy.umgc.edu/10.3390/brainsci1...
Song, W., Cao, Z., Lang, C., Dai, M., Xuan, L., Lv, K., Cui, F., Jorgenson, K., Xu, M., &Kong, J. (2017). Disrupted functional connectivity of striatal sub-regions in Bell’s Palsy patients. Neuroimage: Clinical,14©, 122-129. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158217300086
