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D REA M ”

JA N UARY 2 9 , 2 0 07 /  C O NTR IB U TE D B Y: B LA C KPA ST

D r. M artin L uth er K in g’s “ I H ave A D re a m ” s p eech g iv en o n t h e s te p s o f t h e L in co ln M em oria l i n

W ash in gto n , D .C . a t t h e M arch o n W ash in gto n o n A ugu st 2 8 , 1 9 63, r e m ain s h is m ost m em ora ble

o ra tio n . T he e n tir e s p eech a p pea rs b elo w .

I a m h ap p y t o j o in w it h y o u t o d ay i n w hat w ill g o d ow n i n h is to ry a s t h e g re a te st d em on str a tio n f o r

fr e ed om i n t h e h is to ry o f o u r n atio n . F iv e s c o re y ea rs a g o , a g re a t A m eric a n , i n w hose s y m boli c s h ad ow

w e s ta n d, s ig n ed t h e E m an cip atio n P ro cla m atio n . T his m om en to u s d ecre e c a m e a s a g re a t b ea co n l i g h t

of h op e t o m illi o n s o f N eg ro s la ves h ad b een s e a re d i n t h e f la m es o f w it h erin g i n ju stic e . I t c a m e a s a

j o yo u s d ayb re a k t o e n d t h e l o n g n ig h t o f c a p tiv it y .

M arti n L u th er K in g , J r., d eliv e rin g " I h ave a d re a m " s p eech , M arc h o n W ash in g to n , A ug ust 2 8 , 1 9 63

C ou rte sy U .S . L ib ra ry o f C on g re ss ( 2 0 13 6 4 57 6 5)

☰ M EN U

En te r k e yw ord … S E A RCH But o n e h un dre d y ea rs l a te r, w e m ust f a ce t h e t r a g ic f a ct t h at t h e N eg ro i s s till n ot f r e e. O ne h un dre d

y ea rs l a te r, t h e l i f e o f t h e N eg ro i s s till s a d ly c rip ple d b y t h e m an acle s o f s e g re g atio n a n d t h e c h ain s o f

d is c rim in atio n . O ne h un dre d y ea rs l a te r, t h e N eg ro l i v es o n a l o n ely i s la n d o f p overty i n t h e m id st o f a

v a st o ce a n o f m ate ria l p ro sp erit y . O ne h un dre d y ea rs l a te r t h e N eg ro i s s till l a n gu is h in g i n t h e c o m ers o f

A m eric a n s o cie ty a n d f in ds h im se lf a n e x ile i n h is o w n l a n d. S o w e h ave c o m e h ere t o d ay t o d ra m atiz e a n

a p palli n g c o n dit io n .

In a s e n se w e h ave c o m e t o o u r n atio n ’s c a p it a l t o c a sh a c h eck . W hen t h e a rc h it e cts o f o u r r e p u bli c

w ro te t h e m ag n if ic e n t w ord s o f t h e C on stit u tio n a n d t h e D ecla ra tio n o f I n dep en den ce , t h ey w ere s ig n in g

a p ro m is s o ry n ote t o w hic h e v ery A m eric a n w as t o f a ll h eir . T his n ote w as a p ro m is e t h at a ll m en w ou ld

b e g u ara n te ed t h e u n ali e n ab le r ig h ts o f l i f e , l i b erty , a n d t h e p u rs u it o f h ap pin ess.

It i s o b vio u s t o d ay t h at A m eric a h as d efa u lt e d o n t h is p ro m is so ry n ote i n so fa r a s h er c it iz e n s o f c o lo r a re

c o n ce rn ed . I n ste a d o f h on orin g t h is s a cre d o b li g atio n , A m eric a h as g iv en t h e N eg ro p eo p le a b ad c h eck ;

a c h eck w hic h h as c o m e b ack m ark ed “ in su ffic ie n t f u n ds.” B ut w e r e fu se t o b eli e v e t h at t h e b an k o f

ju stic e i s b an kru pt. W e r e fu se t o b eli e v e t h at t h ere a re i n su ffic ie n t f u n ds i n t h e g re a t v a u lt s o f

o p portu n it y o f t h is n atio n . S o w e h ave c o m e t o c a sh t h is c h eck a c h eck t h at w ill g iv e u s u pon d em an d t h e

ric h es o f f r e ed om a n d t h e s e cu rit y o f j u stic e . W e h ave a ls o c o m e t o t h is h allo w ed s p ot t o r e m in d A m eric a

o f t h e f ie rc e u rg en cy o f n ow . T his i s n o t im e t o e n gag e i n t h e l u xu ry o f c o oli n g o ff o r t o t a k e t h e

tr a n qu ili z in g d ru g o f g ra d u ali s m . N ow i s t h e t im e t o m ak e r e a l t h e p ro m is e s o f d em ocra cy . N ow i s t h e

tim e t o r is e f r o m t h e d ark a n d d eso la te v a lle y o f s e g re g atio n t o t h e s u n li t p ath o f r a cia l j u stic e . N ow i s

t h e t im e t o o p en t h e d oors o f o p portu n it y t o a ll o f G od ’s c h ild re n . N ow i s t h e t im e t o l i f t o u r n atio n f r o m

th e q u ic k sa n ds o f r a cia l i n ju stic e t o t h e s o li d r o ck o f b ro th erh ood .

It w ou ld b e f a ta l f o r t h e n atio n t o o verlo ok t h e u rg en cy o f t h e m om en t a n d t o u n dere stim ate t h e

dete rm in atio n o f t h e N eg ro . T his s w elt e rin g s u m mer o f t h e N eg ro ’s l e g it im ate d is c o n te n t w ill n ot p ass

u n til t h ere i s a n i n vig o ra tin g a u tu m n o f f r e ed om a n d e q u ali t y . N in ete en s ix ty t h re e i s n ot a n e n d, b u t a

b eg in nin g. T hose w ho h op e t h at t h e N eg ro n eed ed t o b lo w o ff s te a m a n d w ill n ow b e c o n te n t w ill h ave a

r u de a w ak en in g i f t h e n atio n r e tu rn s t o b u sin ess a s u su al. T here w ill b e n eit h er r e st n or t r y A m eric a

u n til t h e N eg ro i s g ra n te d h is c it iz e n sh ip r ig h ts . T he w hir lw in ds o f r e v o lt w ill c o n tin ue t o s h ak e t h e

fo u n datio n s o f o u r n atio n u n til t h e b rig h t d ay o f j u stic e e m erg es.

B ut t h ere i s s o m eth in g t h at I m ust s a y t o m y p eo p le w ho s ta n d o n t h e w arm t h re sh old w hic h l e a d s i n to

t h e p ala ce o f j u stic e . I n t h e p ro ce ss o f g ain in g o u r r ig h tfu l p la ce , w e m ust n ot b e g u ilt y o f w ro n gfu l

deed s. L et u s n ot s e ek t o s a tis fy o u r t h ir s t f o r f r e ed om b y d rin kin g f r o m b it te rn ess a n d h atr e d . W e m ust

fo re v er c o n du ct o u r s tr u ggle o n t h e h ig h p la n e o f d ig n it y a n d d is c ip li n e. W e m ust n ot a llo w o u r c re a tiv e

p ro te st t o d eg en era te i n to p h ysic a l v io le n ce . A gain a n d a g ain w e m ust r is e t o t h e m aje stic h eig h ts o f

m eetin g p h ysic a l f o rc e w it h s o u l f o rc e . T he m arv elo u s n ew m ili t a n cy w hic h h as e n gu lf e d t h e N eg ro

c o m mun it y m ust n ot l e a d u s t o a d is tr u st o f a ll w hit e p eo p le , f o r m an y o f o u r w hit e b ro th ers , a s

ev id en ce d b y t h eir p re se n ce h ere t o d ay, h ave c o m e t o r e a li z e t h at t h eir d estin y i s t ie d u p w it h o u r d estin y

an d t h eir f r e ed om i s i n ex tr ic a b le b ou n d t o o u r f r e ed om . W e c a n not w alk a lo n e. And a s w e w alk , w e m ust m ak e t h e p le d ge t h at w e s h all m arc h a h ea d . W e c a n not t u rn b ack . T here a re

th ose w ho a re a sk in g t h e d ev o te es o f c iv il r ig h ts , “ W hen w ill y o u b e s a tis fie d ?” W e c a n n ev er b e s a tis fie d

a s l o n g a s t h e N eg ro i s t h e v ic tim o f t h e u n sp ea k ab le h orro rs o f p oli c e b ru ta li t y . W e c a n n ev er b e

sa tis fie d a s l o n g a s o u r b od ie s, h ea vy w it h t h e f a tig u e o f t r a vel, c a n not g ain l o d gin g i n t h e m ote ls o f t h e

h ig h w ays a n d t h e h ote ls o f t h e c it ie s. W e c a n not b e s a tis fie d a s l o n g a s t h e N eg ro ’s b asic m ob ili t y i s f r o m

a s m alle r g h etto t o a l a rg er o n e. W e c a n n ev er b e s a tis fie d a s l o n g a s a N eg ro i n M is sis sip pi c a n not v o te

a n d a N eg ro i n N ew Y ork b eli e v es h e h as n oth in g f o r w hic h t o v o te . N o, n o, w e a re n ot s a tis fie d , a n d w ill

n ot b e s a tis fie d u n til j u stic e r o lls d ow n l i k e w ate rs a n d r ig h te o u sn ess l i k e a m ig h ty s tr e a m .

I a m n ot u n m in dfu l t h at s o m e o f y o u h ave c o m e h ere o u t o f g re a t t r ia ls a n d t r ib u la tio n s. S om e o f y o u

h ave c o m e f r e sh f r o m n arro w j a il c e lls . S om e o f y o u h ave c o m e f r o m a re a s w here y o u r q u est f o r f r e ed om

le ft y o u b atte re d b y t h e s to rm s o f p ers e cu tio n a n d s ta g gere d b y t h e w in ds o f p oli c e b ru ta li t y . Y ou h ave

b een t h e v ete ra n s o f c re a tiv e s u ffe rin g. C on tin ue t o w ork w it h t h e f a it h t h at u n ea rn ed s u ffe rin g i s

r e d em ptiv e.

G o b ack t o M is sis sip pi, g o b ack t o A la b am a, g o b ack t o S ou th C aro li n a, g o b ack t o G eo rg ia , g o b ack t o

L ou is ia n a, g o b ack t o t h e s lu m s a n d g h etto s o f o u r m od ern c it ie s, k n ow in g t h at s o m eh ow t h is s it u atio n

ca n a n d w ill b e c h an ged . L et u s n ot w allo w i n t h e v a lle y o f d esp air .

I s a y t o y o u t o d ay m y f r ie n ds, t h at i n s p it e o f t h e d if fic u lt ie s a n d f r u str a tio n s o f t h e m om en t I s till h ave a

d re a m . I t i s a d re a m d eep ly r o ote d i n t h e A m eric a n d re a m .

I h ave a d re a m t h at o n e d ay t h is n atio n w ill r is e u p a n d l i v e o u t t h e t r u e m ea n in g o f i t s c re ed : “ W e h old

t h ese t r u th s t o b e s e lf e v id en t; t h at a ll m en a re c re a te d e q u al.”

I h ave a d re a m t h at o n e d ay o n t h e r e d h ills o f G eo rg ia t h e s o n s o f f o rm er s la ves a n d t h e s o n s o f f o rm er

sla ve o w ners w ill b e a b le t o s it d ow n t o geth er a t t h e t a b le o f b ro th erh ood .

I h ave a d re a m t h at o n e d ay e v en t h e s ta te o f M is sis sip pi, a d ese rt s ta te s w elt e rin g i n t h e h ea t o f i n ju stic e

a n d o p pre ssio n , w ill b e t r a n sfo rm ed i n to a n o asis o f f r e ed om a n d j u stic e .

I h ave a d re a m t h at m y f o u r l i t tle c h ild re n w ill o n e d ay l i v e i n a n atio n w here t h ey w ill n ot b e j u dged b y

th e c o lo r o f t h eir s k in b u t b y t h e c o n te n t o f t h eir c h ara cte r.

I h ave a d re a m t o d ay.

I h ave a d re a m t h at o n e d ay t h e s ta te o f A la b am a, w hose g o vern or’s l i p s a re p re se n tly d rip pin g w it h t h e

w ord s o f i n te rp osit io n a n d n ulli f ic a tio n , w ill b e t r a n sfo rm ed i n to a s it u atio n w here l i t tle b la ck b oys a n d

bla ck g ir ls w ill b e a b le t o j o in h an ds w it h l i t tle w hit e b oys a n d w hit e g ir ls a n d w alk t o geth er a s s is te rs

a n d b ro th ers .

I h ave a d re a m t o d ay. I h ave a d re a m t h at o n e d ay e v ery v a lle y s h all b e e x alt e d , e v ery h ill a n d m ou n ta in s h all b e m ad e l o w , t h e

ro u gh p la ce s w ill b e m ad e p la in s, a n d t h e c ro oked p la ce s w ill b e m ad e s tr a ig h t, a n d t h e g lo ry o f t h e L ord

s h all b e r e v ea le d , a n d a ll f le sh s h all s e e i t t o geth er.

T his i s o u r h op e. T his i s t h e f a it h w it h w hic h I r e tu rn t o t h e S ou th . W it h t h is f a it h w e w ill b e a b le t o h ew

o u t o f t h e m ou n ta in o f d esp air a s to n e o f h op e. W it h t h is f a it h w e w ill b e a b le t o w ork t r a n sfo rm t h e

ja n gli n g d is c o rd s o f o u r n atio n i n to a b ea u tif u l s y m ph on y o f b ro th erh ood . W it h t h is f a it h w e w ill b e a b le

t o w ork t o geth er, t o p ra y t o geth er, t o s tr u ggle t o geth er, t o g o t o j a il t o geth er, t o s ta n d u p f o r f r e ed om

to geth er, k n ow in g t h at w e w ill b e f r e e o n e d ay.

T his w ill b e t h e d ay w hen a ll o f G od ’s c h ild re n w ill b e a b le t o s in g w it h m ea n in g “ M y c o u n tr y ’t is o f t h ee,

sw eet l a n d o f l i b erty , o f t h ee I s in g. L an d w here m y f a th ers d ie d , l a n d o f t h e p ilg rim ’s p rid e, f r o m e v ery

m ou n ta in sid e, l e t f r e ed om r in g.”

A nd i f A m eric a i s t o b e a g re a t n atio n t h is m ust b eco m e t r u e. S o l e t f r e ed om r in g f r o m t h e p ro d ig io u s

h illt o p s o f N ew H am psh ir e . L et f r e ed om r in g f r o m t h e m ig h ty m ou n ta in s o f N ew Y ork . L et f r e ed om r in g

fr o m t h e h eig h te n in g A lle g h en ie s o f P en nsy lv a n ia !

L et f r e ed om r in g f r o m t h e s n ow ca p ped R ock ie s o f C olo ra d o.

L et f r e ed om r in g f r o m t h e c u rv a ce o u s p ea k s o f C ali f o rn ia !

B ut n ot o n ly t h at; l e t f r e ed om r in g f r o m S to n e M ou n ta in o f G eo rg ia !

L et f r e ed om r in g f r o m L ooko u t M ou n ta in o f T en nesse e!

L et f r e ed om r in g f r o m e v ery h ill a n d m ole h ill o f M is sis sip pi. F ro m e v ery m ou n ta in sid e, l e t f r e ed om

rin g.

W hen w e l e t f r e ed om r in g, w hen w e l e t i t r in g f r o m e v ery v illa g e a n d e v ery h am le t, f r o m e v ery s ta te a n d

ev ery c it y , w e w ill b e a b le t o s p eed u p t h at d ay w hen a ll o f G od ’s c h ild re n , b la ck m en a n d w hit e m en ,

Jew s a n d G en tile s, P ro te sta n ts a n d C ath oli c s, w ill b e a b le t o j o in h an ds a n d s in g i n t h e w ord s o f t h e o ld

N eg ro s p ir it u al, “ F re e a t l a st! F re e a t l a st! T han k G od A lm ig h ty , w e a re f r e e a t l a st!”

S h are :

S U BJE C TS :

Af ric a n Am eric a n H is to ry , , S p eech es

TweetP rin t  Share 8 L ik e t h is :

L oad in g... TE R M S:

20 th C en tu ry ( 1 9 0 0 -19 99) , , G en der - M en , , S p eech T im e F ra m e: 1 9 51- 2 0 00 , , U nit e d S ta te s-

W ash in g to n D .C

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D o y o u nd t h is i n fo rm atio n h elp fu l? A s m all d on atio n w ou ld h elp u s k e ep t h is

a cce ssib le t o a ll. F o re g o a b ott le o f s o d a a n d d on ate i t s c o st t o u s f o r t h e

in fo rm atio n y o u j u st l e a rn ed , a n d f e el g ood a b ou t h elp in g t o m ake i t a va ila b le t o

e ve ry o n e!

PR EV IO US

Ju lia n F . A bele ( 1 8 81- 19 50 )

N EXT

M arg are t W alk e r ( 1 9 15 -19 98 )

A FR IC A N A M ER IC A N H IS TO RY

Peop le

P la ce s

G rou ps & O rg an iz a tion s

Eve n ts

C IT E T H IS A RTIC LE I N A PA F O RM AT:

B la ck P ast, B . ( 2 0 07, J a n uary 2 9 ) ( 1 9 63) M artin L u th er K in g J r., “ I H ave a D re a m ” . R etrie ve d f rom

h tt p s:/ / w ww.b la ck p ast.or g/a fric a n -a m eric a n -h is to ry /s p eech es-a fric a n -a m eric a n -h is to ry /19 63-m artin -lu th er-k in g -jr -

i- h ave -d re a m /

S O URCE O F T H E A U TH O R'S I N FO RM ATIO N:

W illia m S a re , e d ., L e n d M e Y ou r E a rs : G re a t S p eech es i n H is to ry (W . W . N or ton & C om pan y: N ew Y or k, 1 9 92).

C O PY  Prim ary D oc um en ts

In stit u tion s

Sp eech es

P ers p ectiv e s

G LO BAL A FR IC A N H IS TO RY

Peop le

P la ce s

G rou ps & O rg an iz a tion s

Eve n ts

P rim ary D oc um en ts

In stit u tion s

Sp eech es

P ers p ectiv e s

A B O UT B LA C KPA ST

Abou t U s

Aca d em ic H is tor ia n s

In dep en den t H is tor ia n s

Stu d en t H is tor ia n s

B oard of D ir e ctor s

Aca d em ic A dvis or y B oard

In te rn ation al A dvis or y B oard

P atron s

CO NTA C T B LA C KPA ST

Con ta ct U s

W rit e f or U s

H ow Y ou C an H elp U s

©20 20 . A LL R IG H TS R ESE R VED .

BLA C KPA ST.O RG I S A 5 0 1 ( C )(3 ) N O N-P R O FIT O RG AN IZ A TIO N. A LL D O NATIO NS A R E T A X D ED UCTIB LE .

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