Part 4: Scenario-Based Case StudyRefer to the unit study guide for the needed information about water systems before attempting to complete this assignment.For this assignment, you will submit Part 4

The needed flow rate is the number of gallons of water required to extinguish a fire based on the building type, occupa ncy, and hazards. The amount of water required for sprinkler systems and firefighting from the public water system is based on pressure, flow, and duration of operation. Determining these factors is critical in the design. Points to Ponder Scenario Durin g the fire, several workers reported that the sprinkler heads in front of the loading dock doors were barely operating. They also stated several sprinkler heads directly over the fire, which was started by the welders, activated. A couple of the workers we aring their normal uniforms (non -fire rated) attempted suppression activities during the initial fire stage using a hose rack , pre -connected , 1-inch fire hose that was a part of the existing structure before the renovation. However, the water stream would not reach the fire because there was no pressure. The workers also stated that a rusty colored water was coming out of the sprinkler heads and the fire hose line. The public water supply system for the community is ageing, and deterioration of many of the water mains has caused unreliable water supply during the maximum daily consumption. The water supply for the multiple sprinkler heads that were activated comes from a 6 -inch private loop off of the secondary feeder from the City of Columbia Southern . Just past t he loop is a cross - connection control device connected to the City of Waldorf public water supply system, which is a primary feeder. The City of Waldorf ’s water main is a 16 -inch main reduced down to 6 -inches at the cross -connection control device. T he storage tank feeding the industrial area is 200,000 gallons maximum , and recovery time to fill the tank is 2 hours. The City of Columbia Southern is unable to boost the pressure due to the deterioration of the water system. After the fire and during the investigation, it was found that when the warehouse first opened, there was a fire brigade due to the distance to the close st fire station. The insurance company required staff to be trained to fight fire in order to receive a reduction in premiums. Two employees trained as a part of the original fire brigade that remained after th e new owners reorganized the warehouse. However, the new owners did feel the need for a fire brigade but also felt it increased liability after conducting a risk analysis. MOS 5301, Fire Protection Technology 3 UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title Was the private loop system effective? Did it provide enough water to the wareho use to supply the sprinkler system? In order to be effective, water supply systems should be fed from multiple distribution connections and directions using grids and loops. The least effective water supply system is one that is on a dead -end such as in th e Points to Ponder Scenario . One of the signs that the water system was on a dead -end was the sediment that accumulated in the water lines from being static and reports of the rusty colored water. After the sprinkler system activated, the discharge of larg e amounts of water caused the sediment to break free. In addition, dead -end mains typically have low pressure due to water being supplied from only one direction. Brakhage et al. (2016) suggest that loop systems are also referred to as circle systems. Typically, the loop system supplies water from two diff erent directions. However, as seen in the scenario, the water is supplied to the private loop from only one direction making it like a dead -end mai n. Dead -end mains only allow water to travel in one direction reducing the availability (Brakhage et al., 2016). Cross -connection control device . MOS 5301, Fire Protection Technology 4 UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title Fire Brigades Should fire brigades be utilized in fire suppression efforts? Should fire brigades be involved in emergencies when they occur? National Fire Protection Association (2018) or NFPA 1081: Standard for Facility Fire Brigade Member Professional Qualifications discusses the magnitude of fire brigades when dealing with fire emergencies. Fire brigade members should have the knowledge and skills to mitigate fire in an organized industrial setting providing specific services. Fire brigade members may preform suppress ion, rescue, or both, in fire related incidents (NFPA, 2018). The intent is that fire brigade members will be able to control the fire in the initial fire stage before it reaches the fully developed stages. Fire brigade members utilize fire hoses from Clas s I, Class II, and Class III standpipe fire suppression systems; although, Class II systems are less demanding with better control with lower pressure and volume requirements for individuals to handle (Brakhage et al., 2016). The standard stresses the impo rtance of individuals in the fire brigade to have proper training, equipment, and protective clothing. Conclusion Water is critical in the extinguishment of fire, and understanding the properties of water makes firefighting more effective when applied pr operly at the seat of the fire in order to convert to steam. Water distribution systems, both private and public, are important in the ability to deliver water to fire protection systems. As seen in the warehouse fire in the scenario, the effects of firefi ghting, from a fire brigade or a fire protection system, can be disastrous when water is not readily available. Not having adequate water for fire suppression can be life threatening. References Brakhage, C., Abrams, A., & Fortney, J. (Eds.). (2016). Fire protection, detection, and suppression systems (5th ed.). Stillwater, OK : Fire Protection Publications. HotSpot Energy. (n.d.). Ground water temperature map - Entering water temp eratures [Climatic map]. Retrieved from http://www.hotspotenergy.com/heat -recovery -performance/groundwater -temperature - map.php National Fire Protection Association. (2018). Standard for facility fire brigade member professional qualifications (NFPA Standard No. 1081). Retrieved from https://www.nfpa.org/codes -and - standards/all -codes -and -standards/list -of-codes -and -standards/detail?code=1081 Suggested Reading In order to access the following resource s, click the links below. You are encouraged to read the trends and technologies related to municipal water supply systems with a focus on interoperability, backup and redundant water supply systems, and critical infrastructure protection . Hickey, H. E. (2008). Water supply systems and evaluation methods: Volume I : Water supply system concepts. Retrieved from https://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/water_supply_systems_volume_i.pdf Hickey, H. E. (2008). Water supply systems and evaluation methods: Volume II : W ater supply evaluation methods . Retrieved https://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/water_supply_systems_volume_ii.pdf In order to view National Fire Protection Association ( NFPA) standards, each student must register for a free account with the NFPA. Please review the video tutorial on gaining access to the NFPA websit e and how to access the NFPA codes there . MOS 5301, Fire Protection Technology 5 UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title Locating and Using NFPA Stan dards Tutorial: http://libguides.columbiasouthern.edu/nfpastandards Click here to access the transcript for t he tutorial above. Once you access the codes and standards, review NFPA 1081: Standard for Facility Fire Brigade Member Professional Qualifications. National Fire Protection Association. (2018). Standard for facility fire brigade member professional qual ifications (NFPA Standard No. 1081). Retrieved from https://www.nfpa.org/codes -and - standards/all -codes -and -standards/list -of-codes -and -standards/detail?code=1081