cell biology lab report on LAB 1A: DNA Isolation from Wheat Germ LAB 1B: Spectrophotometric Quantification of DNA and Protein

General Guidelines for BIOL3221L Lab Report s Submission :Your lab report sare due by 11:59 PM on the published date to the lab Nexus site in the Assignments folder Reports should be submitted as a pdf documents. A late penalty of 5%/day will apply to reports received after the deadline. NO reports will be accepted after one week past the due date . Guidelines : You rformal lab reports are expected to demonstrate your understanding of the technical aspects of these experiments, as well as the theory associated with the processes studied. You will need to provide afull report, including abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion ,and references. Itis strongly advised that you start working on your reports as early as possible .The introduction and methods can largely be written in advance of obtaining your results. Excerpts from Writing Papers in the Biological Sciences by V. E. McMillan is provided on Nexus for you, and contains useful suggestions for how to approach writing your report. Ifyou have any questions about the expectations for your reports ,please contact your instructor. REMEMBER that ALL parts of a lab report should be written in aformal style using the third person. Your report should be left aligned and include indentations. Text should be double- or one- and-a-half- spaced, except for figure and table captions, which should be single-spaced. When aword range is indicated, marks will be deducted based upon the amount of words over that maximum. Please see the specific report requirements for the allowable word limits for each section. Inappropriate or insufficient referencing will result in the deduction of marks and/or referral for Departmental Review in the case of serious infractions .The specific items to be included in your report sare as follows: Title Page Your title should be on a separate page at the front of your report. Please include the title, your name, lab section, and the due date of the report. The title of your report needs to be complete and provide agood summary of what was investigated. “Spectrophotometry ”or “Aerobic respiration and photosynthesis ”are NOT adequate title s. Abstract This is asummary of your work and includes a brief summation of your ENTIRE report. Include an introductory sentence that highlights the purpose/importance of your work. Briefly describe the methods employed, besure to include specific, key results and provide your overall conclusions. You do not need to provide references within your abstract, as the same information will be provided in further detail within the report. Introduction You should summarize the relevant background information that relates to the investigation being undertaken. Include an introductory paragraph which highlights why your report is of interest. You must state your general hypothesis/purpose in the introductory paragraph. Explain, with references, the general theory of your topic ,focusing on the specific processes you are investigating. Explain why you are using the techniques you are using. Provide sufficient information in this section for your reader to understand why you performed the experiments you did and how they work. Remember to include appropriate references to relevant literature. DO NOT summarize your findings within the introduction. Itshould only include the required background information. Conclude your introduction with abrief summary of the methods you will employ and how they relate to addressing your specific hypotheses to be tested. Do not forget to state what your specific hypotheses are. Methods Summarize the methods used in your experiment sand reference them to the lab manual. They should be written in proper paragraphs, with each procedure clearly identified. Never use point-form notation, bullet-point lists, or numbered lists of instructions. The use of headings within your methods section is optional ,but unnecessary .Here (and throughout your report) do not refer to your experiments by the numbers used in the lab manual, but by the method used/experimental questions. Methods should include all key details, such as volumes and concentrations used, centrifugation times and speeds, etc. You do not need to include basic procedures, such as how to balance centrifuge tubes or centrifuge operation ,as you can assume that your reader has a basic understanding of laboratory procedures. The use of specific equipment (such as the spectrophotometer )can simply be referenced to the lab manual and does not need to be explained ,but you should explain how/why you utilized the equipment. Results Your results section must be organized in alogical manner and provide context for your results through the inclusion of written text. The text within the results section is supported by your tables/figures, not the other way around. All of the information that you include in your tables/figures must be presented within the text and referred to by number. You should not list all of the values you obtain within your text, but you need to clearly indicate what was measured, how you did any calculations, and the general trends /minima/maxima observed. DO NOT discuss the accuracy or validity of your results or interpret their meaning in this section. Tables and figures should be inserted in your report immediately following the paragraph in which they were first mentioned. Tables and figures must be numbered and have TITLES. The title and captions must be informative, providing your reader with information as to the general procedures used and what is depicted in that table or figure. Appropriate units must be included ,and formatting should ensure easy interpretation by your reader. Any average d values should always include standard deviations in tables and error bars on graphs. Key observations should be stat ed. This additional information is provided following your title. The titles/captions for tables go ABOVE the table, and for figures go BELOW. There is no strict rules as to which data should be presented first. Keep in mind that you must present itin a way which makes logical sense, and allows you to provide somewhat of anarrative as you progress through this section. Specific requirements for data inclusion can be found in the Lab 1Report Guidelines and the Lab 4Report Guidelines found in the appropriate lab folders on Nexus. Discussion This section should be a comprehensive analysis and discussion of the implications of the experiments performed. The discussion should put your results within the context of established scientific knowledge. This should include referenced information from the lab manual and other published sources. Do not simply repeat your results, but discuss them along with new information or considerations. Interpret the validity of your results, and draw conclusions as to whether they agree or disagree with previous research. Do not forget to discuss potential sources of error or limitations of the procedures employed. Also, make suggestions for means of improving your work and potential future inquiries to be made. Your final 1-2 paragraphs must specifically address your hypotheses and state the overall conclusions to be drawn from your report. Conclude with a final statement which stresses the importance of your conclusions/work. References References will be needed throughout the report whenever you present information from an outside source (journal article, textbook, lab manual, websites, etc.). You must include references other than just the lab manual. Some references are viewed as being more reputable than others. Peer-reviewed literature from scientific journals are viewed as the most reputable, followed by edited books, etc. However, itis better to use a less robust source (ie. website) than to fail to reference information entirely. Isuggest the use of the CSE Citation-Sequence system described on pages 130- 131 of Writing Papers in the Biological Sciences. We use the Number Systems Style, which requires superscript numbers in order of appearance following your cited statement or at the end of the sentence, with reference slisted by number at the end of your report. Ifyou cite the same source more than once, reuse the previously assigned number. However, when citing from books and the lab manual, you must include apage number or range, with each having its own number. For examples of proper citation using this system, please refer to: https://guides.highpoint.edu/cse/citation-sequence MAKE SURE YOU UNDERSTAND THE FOLLOWING: Failure to include or to properly cite external references will be penalized .Ongoing failure to reference material will be treated as academic misconduct and will be subject to departmental review. Familiarize yourself with what constitutes plagiarism and referencing expectations as set out by University guidelines. Please ensure that you read “Avoiding plagiarism: take notes in your own words ”on pages 23-24 in Writing Papers in the Biological Sciences (excerpts posted on Nexus). Itis plagiarism to use phrases that are the same or very sim ilar to another work, even ifyou cite the source. Do not use direct quotation s. The use of work prepared by any other student or outside service is deemed academic misconduct: you cannot submit any work that is not your own.