Congratulations! You made it to the last week of the course. Your hard work will pay off as you synthesize the work you have done throughout the course into the Signature Assignment. This final assign

School of Education, Northcentral University

ID 5000: Fundamentals of Instructional Design

Cognitive objectives are statements of students' outcomes in a lesson or unit about the acquisition of knowledge and the ability to interpret that knowledge. Well written cognitive explain what cognitive accomplishment student will demonstrate as the result of the lesson. The cognitive objective may include rules, skills, strategies, and concepts. They also imply assessment the teacher needs to write objective so that the student outcomes are started is observable or measurable by the teachers and students.

Alignment is the connection between learning objectives, learning activities, and assessment. An alignment course means that your learning objectives, activities, and assessment match up so students learn what you intend and you accurately assess what students are learning. Alignment in learning activities; Without the alignment between learning objectives and activities, students will spend time on activities, assignments that do not lead to intended goals.

Alignment in learning materials; The learning materials can be a variety of formats and contribute to the achievement of student learning goals. When you prepare the materials you need to consider both course and module objectives and look for a clear and direct way in which the materials are aligned with both levels objective. A well-defined articulated learning objective is important because they; provide students with a clear purpose to focus their learning efforts, then they also direct their choice of instructional activities by guiding their assessment strategies, hence leading to the improvement and also enhancement of the student integrity and thinking capacity as they adhere to the teaching and learning objective clearly and strictly.

Definition of scaffolding; In education, scaffolding refers to a variety of instructional techniques used to move students' progress toward stronger understanding and ultimately greater independence in the learning process.

When it comes to students' education it's a teacher's job to teach core concepts and important skills, more importantly, however, teachers help students learn how to learn. Scaffolding is a very effective way to guide students in learning a new concept without simply presenting them for memorization. It encourages the development of critical thinking and other skills students will need throughout their education. Scaffolding has much importance to the learning of the student and also to the educators as It improves engagement between teachers and students and also their motivation: Scaffolding directly involves students in the learning process and can be adjusted to each student's needs. It keeps the children more focused and engaged during the lesson, enhancing their understanding of the concept as a whole on top of the specific problem. Secondly, it reduces anxiety and uncertainty during learning by asking students to complete a difficult task induces anxiety that can hinder the learning process, thus scaffolding allows the teacher to adjust the lesson in response to students' feedback by resolving uncertainty and eliminating potential anxieties. Thirdly, scaffolding helps educators to identify zones of proximal development, the zones of proximal development is the range of knowledge a student can do with assistance but can not yet do independently through actively engaging with students and teachers more easily by identifying the student's zone of proximal development and uses it to inform their teaching activity to be so successful throughout the semester. Firstly,it builds momentum within the lesson so as the lesson to be effective scaffolding involves asking questions so as the students can be engaged and at the same time understanding the and eliminating the wrong answers through meeting with immediate assistance when it is needed most through building momentum and guiding the learning experience throughout the semester so as the can have a successful performance.

Before the student engages in any task or activity they should do the following, they should show and tell by Trying a fishbowl activity where a small group in the center is circled by the rest of the class, the group in the middle engage in an activity, modeling how it's done for the large group. Also always show students the outcome before they do it. Use thinking aloud which will allow the students to model their thought process as they read or goes through the task on the material by solving problems or designing projects of their choices as the educator's instructions.

Ask students to their own experience, hunches, and ideas about the content or concept of study and have them relate and connect it to their own lives. Sometimes you may have to offer hints and suggestions leading them to the connections a bit but once they get there they will grasp the content as their own. Launching the learning in your classroom from the prior knowledge of your students and using this as a framework for future lessons is not only scaffold techniques many agree its just plain good teaching.

All learners need time to process new ideas and information, also they need time to verbally make sense of and articulate their learning with the community of learners who are engaged in the same experience and journey, as we all new know structured discussion work best with students regardless of their level of maturation. If you aren't weaving in thinking pair share turn and talk, triad teams or some other structured talking time throughout the lesson to be included in every lesson this crucial strategy regularly so has the performance of the student will improve.

Sometimes too as frontloading vocabulary, this is a strategy that teachers don't use enough, many of us are guilty of sending students all alone down the bumpy, muddy path known as challenging text a road booby-trapped with difficult vocabulary, where, we send ill-prepared and then are often shocked when they lose interest, create a ruckus or fall sleep.

Pre-teaching vocabulary doesn't mean pulling a dozen words from the chapter and having kids look up the definition and write them out we all know how that will go, instead of introducing the words. With the dozen words, front-loaded students are ready with you as their guide to tackling that challenging text which helps the student to enhance there learning process, does their performance upgraded because of dwelling on scaffolding.

Graphic organizations and charts can all serve as scaffolding tools, are very specific in that they help students visually represent their ideas, organize information, and grasp concepts such as sequencing and cause and effect. Its a scaffolding tool that helps guide and shapes students thinking, some students can dive right into discussion writing an essay several different hypotheses without using but many students benefit from using one with difficult reading or challenging new information which increases the capability of the student before they engage to the real activity the material day.

This is a wonderful way to check for understanding while students read a chunk of difficulty text or learn new concepts or content. A student needs to design the questions ahead of time, making sure they are specific, guiding a d open-ended by keeping students engaged as active listeners by calling on someone to give the gist of what was just discussed, discovered if the class seems stuck on the question provide an opportunity for students to discuss in pairs, scaffolding a lesson may mean that it takes longer to teach but the end product is of greater, quality and the experience much more rewarding for all involved.

During the material day of the activity, the student should have support from there teachers or instructors as follows, they should depend on teachers for more direction on the task being conducted by the students so as they can avoid a lot of mistakes during the activity, the instructors should also provide the students with enough material the students do not have to enhance the activity in progress.

During many activities as scaffolding, the students are well introduced to many factors like political factors by which when the time the students leave the school many may be a talented politician which will help them to drive very well outside there. Also during the activity, the instructors equip the students to service in all sorts of diversity and how to stay with all sorts of tribes from many ethical grounds and provide local facilities hence avoiding does that are illegal.

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