Chapter 2 Dissertation Paper Topic = Information technology Requirements and application for the E- commerce and M-Commerce Requirements Table of content Abstract Introduction Add subsections to the

Running head: Research

Literature review: Information technology requirements and applications for the E-commerce and M-commerce industry

In the contemporary world, there has been extensive developments and innovations under different fields. The e-commerce systems are identified to have posed a great value with most business systems migrating to the e-commerce systems. Technology development as well as the advancements in the field of Internet of Things have a had a role to play in the ecommerce systems. There has be various integrations between the e-commerce systems and other systems for instance cloud computing with an aim of delivering better and reliable benefits.

Leung et al., (2018) describes the approach of digitalization which forms a great opportunity for the e-commerce systems. In the article, Leung and the associates describes the approaches resulting to the rise in the e-commerce business around the global platforms. In this case, they describe e-commerce in the manner in which it has supported the retail industries and strengthened the purchasing approaches from different corners. The marketing logistics offer a great in leveraging the purpose of e-commerce activities.

From a combination of different other sources, e-commerce could be defined as a prioritized business model that offers an opportunity for the various firms and also individual entities to make purchases or rather make sales of various commodities through the internet systems. In this case, the prospective users are able to access commodities more easily and in the desire formats within a specified period of time. In the same case, the e-commerce systems provide for a wide variety of sales and purchases commodities.

There are various types or rather components that make up the e-commerce systems. In this case we have; the Business-to-Business systems where interactions are based just within the businesses only, the Business-to-consumer model where the interactions are between the business owners and individuals, the customer-to-customer for the marketing interactions amongst the customers. We also have the Business-to-Administration, the Facebook commerce and the Mobile commerce.

In this case, some of the kinds of e-commerce for instance the Business-to-Business, the Customer-to-Customer and the Business-to-Business are very popular. According to Li & Karahanna, (2015), the Business-to-Customer is developed as an online recommendation system for the current and future systems. They develop a clear survey and offer a further analysis of the B2C model under the marketing systems. The scholars assert the need for e-commerce systems in running variety of activities under the global space.

Currently, the e-commerce platform has improved under different dimensions. This has been achieved through a progressive journey of growth towards the currently enjoyed benefits under the platform. In this case, there are various realizations of the factors behind the rise in the e-commerce systems towards the current levels. The benefits of the growth of the e-commerce is that much more business and individuals have deployed the e-commerce under their day-to-day operations.

The customer and visitor acquisition has been one among the many factors for success. In this case, the easier management of the strategic engagements, tactical procedures and practices in driving traffic systems has of offered a great deal. Under e-commerce systems, there has been a wide range of actions that have been initiated with an aim of delivery better and quicker rise. This has been achieved through; established organic research systems, organic social media platforms, online referrals, online paid traffic, and the email marketing systems.

Through the online marketing platforms, the e-commerce platform has been able to experience much growth. The engagement in the online marketing systems by most business offered a great move due to increased traffic. We also have the usability of the e-commerce sites and the stickiness. The e-commerce managers ensured that in addition to the platform availability, there is progress in retaining and satisfying the users and visitors and thus leveraging explorations on the e-commerce.

The increased demand and popularity of the products also supported the rise and growth of e-commerce. In this it was notable that, despite the effectiveness of the e-commerce system, growth would not be realized without popularity of the given commodity. The conversions and sales of the e-commerce also supported its growth. The strategy is designed to ensure a continuous and constant selling and buying as well as the generating revenues to the respective owners.

The backend process efficiencies also support growth in the e-commerce systems. In this case, ensuring efficiencies in all backed sites for instance the shipping, payment processes and order fulfillment among others supports efficiency of the e-commerce.

Varela et al., (2017), developed an integrated framework based on the realized factors of success for the e-commerce. In this case, the authors addressed a security framework based on the exponential growth of the Internet shopping systems. The security systems in organization are addressed as a great security concern. In this case, the e-commerce systems an identified as worth considering in establishing the security systems of the organizational operations. The existing conceptual frameworks for the e-commerce are identified in relation to the success factors.

The framework and other approaches in improving popularity of the e-commerce has led to the identification of various benefits with the e-commerce systems. Rahayu & Day, (2017) developed a case study based on Indonesia describing the deployment of the e-commerce systems by the small and medium enterprises in the developing countries. In this case, the authors addressed guidelines that should be followed in delivering value from the e-commerce systems. In their work and based on the case study, they developed various benefits associated with the successful deployment of the e-commerce systems to the business sectors. In this case, they address various benefits.

For instance, we have the improvement of the respective brands for companies and the overly performance systems for the organizations. In this case, efficiencies experienced in the sales and purchases have addressed this. There is also support rendered to the organization in the attempts to deliver better and effective customer services. The adoption of e-commerce systems also supports in developing support and much simplifications on the business processes such as procurement.

Consequently, the business is able to operate much faster, efficiently and effectively with the support from the e-commerce. This makes it possible to deliver value to the respective stakeholders in the desired formats and right time and conditions. The e-commerce facilitates a reduced approach of paper works and thus rendering better performances in security and information handling. The e-commerce provides for the improvement in the security systems of the different business fields. Consequently, e-commerce facilitates in establishing scalability and agility in the economic fields.

As the businesses adopted e-commerce and continues to adopt e-commerce, there are various challenges that have been identified in establishing running under the e-commerce platforms. In this case, Malhotra, (2014) developed their research based on the Indian perspective. Malhotra developed the various challenges that are being encountered by the consumers in relation to the e-commerce viz. There were various ethical issues and perceptions that count for these challenges.

The challenges addressed include; the development of quality leads is identified to be somehow challenging, bringing together the appropriate customers is at times challenging, the handling practices of prospects is difficult and the realization of the right products for sales also emerges some difficult. Additionally, there are various other challenges such as development of the paying customers from shoppers, customer handling and management systems, sustaining a high-term profitability and growth systems and the establishment of the right technology.

In ensuring the success of the e-commerce systems through efficient and efficient execution of the assigned operations, there are various tools, requirements and techniques that require to be utilized. Each of the tool is applicable under different system and offers a unique purpose to the respective owners and users. These tools and techniques are part of the many benefits enjoyed on the e-commerce systems and on the same case are associated with the various identified challenges under different organizations.

In delivering an exploration on these tools and techniques, Joseph, (2019), developed an Indian perspective analyzing these techniques. In his book, Joseph offers insights on the business models, e-commerce business models, some knowledge management systems and techniques among others as used in the e-commerce. Therefore, this and other research sites offer insights on the tools and techniques such as; the analytics tools, the team collaboration units, content management units, the cloud-based systems for the storage and back-up for all the e-commerce data and information, product pricing systems and the user interaction platforms.

This report outlines the various research undertaken to demystify the concept of e-commerce. The study aims at reviewing the multiple articles that have been written on e-commerce to provide its importance in the world today. The paper will also outline the pros and cons of e-commerce.

E-Commerce refers to the online transaction of goods and services (Khan, 2016). It involves the cashless transaction of goods and services. E-Commerce has many benefits ranging from customer convenience and ensures that companies remain competitive in their Business (Khan, 2016). Electronic Commerce plays a significant role in the cost and productivity of Business. The impact of E-Commerce on Business is quite immense (Shahjee, 2016). The ability to buy and sell via electronic media has been made possible through E-Commerce. Besides, online sharing of information has made it possible for customers to peruse through the information available on various web pages and develop an array of options for their consumption. E-Commerce, a wide range of goods and services are available online just by the click of a button (Shahjee, 2016). E-Commerce has transformed how companies do Business. Through E-Commerce, companies can reach as many clients as possible because of online information (Laudon & Traver, 2018).

According to Cowan (2000), there exist several types of e-commerce, but the most common ones are Busines to Consumer (B2C), Business to Business (B2B), Consumer to Business (C2B), and Consumer to Consumer (C2C). Business to Consumer Model involves the direct transaction of Business between a company and the consumers (Leung et al. 2018). Business to Consumer model is where a company or organization supplies services and goods t directly to the consumers via the internet. Business to Consumer transaction is possible because the organization or a company involved in producing a particular product avails the attributes related to a specific online store stored in a database. The Business to Consumer model application includes but is not limited to online banking services, tours and travel services, and online shopping. This model's disadvantage is that it is more susceptible to security threats because often the consumers share their credit card and personal data with an organization online. That is why this model type is not universally accepted (Laudon & Traver, 2018).

On the other hand, Business to Business e-commerce involves the transaction of Business between two or more companies over the web (Cowan, 2000). Business to Business model involves trading business subscriptions, professional services, and dealings in manufacture and wholesale (Shahjee, 2016). Business to Business model has two advantages (Shahjee, 2016). The first advantage is that it facilitates the efficient production, marketing, and supply of products between companies. Secondly, the model also allows for the delivery of products and services quickly and at a cheaper cost. The third type of e-commerce is the Consumer to Consumer model, which involves the online transaction directly between consumers (Shahjee, 2016). Various online web auction sites have made it possible for Consumer to consumer transactions. The online web auction sites provide a platform where consumers can directly market their products, reach clients, and sell to another consumer online. The disadvantage of the online auction sites is that both consumers must register with the site, and the seller needs to pay a fixed amount to the owners of the auction sites. The buyer also can bid without paying a single cent, therefore creating unfairness.

The other model is the Consumer to Business model (C2B), where the transaction is always between a consumer and an organization. It has the same characteristic as the Business to Consumer model, with some little disparities. The only difference is that the Consumer is the one selling product, and the organization is the buyer in the Consumer to Business model. The Consumer has the mandate to dictate the price of products and services they are willing to sell to the organization. According to Shahjee, other e-commerce models are being worked on between governments and other companies. These transactions are government-oriented, and therefore they have been termed as e-government

E-Commerce has done away with geographical impediments and created an avenue for transaction regardless of the location. Through E-commerce, new jobs have been created all over the world. E-Commerce has enabled the current and future generations to have a platform form transacting Business online, therefore saving them time and promoting convenience (Rayport & Jaworski, 2003).

The impact of E-Commerce on organizations and consumers is tremendous. E-commerce has enabled (Rayport & Jaworski, 2003). Through E-Commerce, companies have now able to manage their information securely. Through E-Commerce, the companies have also been able to conduct staff's online recruitment, limiting much paperwork that was previously the case (Shahjee, 2016). E-Commerce has also made it possible for online banking. Through online banking, the issues of providing collaterals as security are no more. E-Commerce has also enabled online marketing of products to reach a bigger audience than the traditional marketing techniques that involved door tom door marketing and mails (Pogorelova, Yakhneeva, Agafonova & Prokubovskaya 2016). There are various disadvantages of relying on e-commerce for the business transaction. The first challenge is related to the location (Cowan, 2002). The application of E-Commerce is eminent in urban areas compared to rural areas (Shahjee, 2016). This is because most rural dwellers do not have internet access and possess little knowledge of computer usage. Besides, not all urban dwellers have credit facilities, therefore limiting the application of e-commerce.

Theoretical Framework

The Technology Acceptance Model

The implementation of the technology is thus improving research to recognise the effect of m-commerce adoption on the banking industry. Various kinds of studies have increased the purpose of the mobile subscriber not to include a certain service or the type of the services segment in the m-commerce itself. The mechanisms of this model proposed by Davis(1988) included the perceived utility and type of easy deployment which influences the behavioural motivation to use the technology in question and ultimately the actual use of that technology. The perceived value of this technology is the extent to which a individual thinks it will improve efficiency and the overall output of his job.

It has been shown that the perceived utility of the internet retail and the perceived benefit of the internet application using mobile devices have a positive influence (Johnson and Christensen, 2008). The presumed ease of use means that an individual assumes that the use of a certain device is free from effort. It represents the degree of learning commitment and the use of technology. The perceived ease of usage and the perceived utility both have a beneficial impact on behavioural intent and the degree of conformity impacts real utilisation (Johnson & Christensen, 2008). Under the Technology Adoption Paradigm.

In this review, we take a theoretical view of technical, psychological and societological factors for analysis in terms of the extent of acceptance of mobile banking service by the consumer. TAM is considered the only better hypothesis since it is known as parsimonious and organisational (Johnson & Christensen, 2008). With this emphasis, TAM is extended by introducing modern, completely scientifically proven elements , for example, of the philosophy of the propagation of creativity, and of motive motives for the use and pleasure paradigm of all moving users.

Methodology

This section mainly focusses on the approach to analysis, collection of sources, data formats and styles, interview formats and the interviews as a whole. This section would also address the collection of samples, durability, validity, generalisation and the theoretical context.

Research Philosophy

There are four separate ideologies of research: realism and pragmatism, constructive and interpretative. It believes in the gathering of data on science. Therefore, the primary objective of science is to turn ideas that are understood into ideas believed in (Thakurta, 2015). The positivistic philosophy of research involves the researcher's objective view of social reality, as the researcher uses the results obtained to draw general conclusions. The use of systematic methods and a methodological approach to predictive analyses is a strongly objective approach for analytics (Mark et al. 2007). Interpretive analysis takes a very nuanced and special interpretation of each market situation. The rational investigator claims that such social forces and influences affect the purchasing decision that occurs in the unconscious (Mobile Trends That Will Reshape the UK in 2017).

Pragmatism incorporates all other approaches because it can not establish a special viewpoint on the subject under dispute (A., B. & Bell 2015). The path to pragmatism Since the purpose of this study is to understand how technology has become an important part of m-commerce and, more so, of monzo, the philosophy of interpretation has been chosen. The introduction of digital technologies and the link with the targeted public was observed such that the usability of m-commerce was overcome.

Research Approach

In order to learn how businesses reach out to their consumers, a qualitative approach is deemed acceptable in this report. Since m-commerce models are to be explored, especially in mobile banking, the qualitative approach would help to understand and examine the opinions and views of the public on these services. Are these services as successful as the companies claim? The first interview and observations will start with the research (A. & Bell, 2015, p 27).

Therefore the qualitative research starts as a means of gathering data through interviews. Instead of testing and verification, we as researchers wanted and observed in a natural sense the point of view of the respondent and the interpellation and closeness with "information" (Dudovskiy, 2017). The research has carried out a deductive method since it began to study literature. From there, a model was developed to explain how m-commerce and m-banking transformed the account holder model. Interviews and data collection obtained to complete the transition in the field of business.

Types of Data

Data, secondary and primary, are separate. Secondary data are those obtained and used by other scientists in their experiments, although primary data for the analysis and findings made are not previously collected by the researcher, and the data is raw and provides the freedom of interpretation as needed (Chesbrough 2010). The findings derived from the data gathered to observe the questions presented directly to the research are collected in this dissertation. The key data collection took time, but the desired results were obtained.

Choice of interviews as data sources

This is a deeper understanding of why an interview is done (Johnson & Christensen, 2008). Interviews to reflect and identify research issues, and to improve their abstraction of the goal and goal, as respondents responded freely, without any preconditions that were in line with the research mission. Setting up a contact with the students allowed them to exchange knowledge they would not have under other circumstances. Telephone interviews will have lowered the opportunity to determine the relationship and reduced the overall productivity of studies.

Both personal and impersonal questions were of an appreciation how deeply m-commerce embedded the topics under examination in their everyday life. Timing: as an interview, organising and handling is more effective and simpler than a test when obtaining responses. Timing did not influence the nature of the survey.

Form of Interview

Interview process

As one of the goals of this study was to examine m-commerce practises and policies, our questions from the interview consisted only of those questions. The interview phases continue with the thematization and the general conceptualization of research problems. Planning indicates that we must plan study organisation taking into account all the steps before the interviews are done. Preparation of the questionnaire, acceptance by the administrator and distribution to the interviewed parties. The interview was conducted in compliance with the criteria for this dissertation on one encounter with the chosen samples. The interview content was then printed for review. Data review obtained on the key observational points of the issue. Finally, the reliability, generalisation and validity findings were reviewed.

Time Horizon

Interviews are administered as one on a given date and period, per communications bank manager. This method was selected as the duration of the dissertation was restricted and data collection by this method was more accessible (Chesbrough, 2010).

Sample Selections

This research specifically aims to shape the observer sample for the younger generation. As they are the people who love to do something with the least possible human relation, a knowledge of e-commerce and its presence in everyday life provided a wider vision of the potential reach of the area of research and development. It also refers to people who have bank accounts, since it is the community that knows a lot about the monzo.

Reliability

How authentic it is is the questions emerging with each results. The knowledge gathered is only limited for a short period, as e-commerce and M-commerce are continually changing and the findings and analyses of this study will not be applicable in a few years ' time. But since all the information was obtained specifically for the purpose of this report, the data collection would be be important to the findings and conclusions drawn ( Zhao, 2006).

Validity

This thesis assumes that most of what was shared in interviews is precise and describes what companies do in general. This dissertation acts as an analysis of the latest approaches to business , which means that we have high importance and we have both the buyers' spoken word and true practises ( Zhao, 2006) )( Zhao, 2006).

Generalisability

This observational analysis makes it possible to generalise from knowledge obtained by multiple interviews of persons interested directly or indirectly in company operations. In order to conform with their mission declaration, most organisations use the same old approaches with minor tweaks. Although the crowd they plan to draw is varied, both want the same outcome to boost market quality to make it easy to reach..

E-business

e-company (e-commerce) is the administration of marketable Internet practises. These processes include acquisition and retail of goods, necessities and facilities; service of contractor; execution of payments; management of production; operation with corporate partners; knowledge sharing; electronic operations; recruitment; and more (Rouse, 2012). E-business can cover a number of functions and services ranging from intranet and extranet expansion to e-service, service and job operation using Internet through appropriate providers of facilities.

These days, as vital organisations continually rethink their internet market methods, their explicit usability, broad scope, and constantly developing abilities, they direct e-business to procurements and resources from other businesses, to collaborate together on promotion and to coordinate joint analysis. Thanks to encryption generated in today's browsers and the digital certificates currently accessible to Verisign businesses, a certificate issuer has removed most of the original concern regarding protection of the web's commercial activity, and the e-business is accelerating with any label (Zhao, 2006).

Goals And Aims

The idea of e-business should be based , in part, on objectives like "to be a major auto marketing company, a bank or a profit initiative" and "to be an opponent in some of these companies," aims that are more accurate and can be quantified.

Price

Pricing is part and parcel of the idea of e-business and the analysis industry formulates it. Prices are often temporarily volatile and are focused solely on demand and availability, with clear market share impacts (Hinterhuber, 2008). Online bidding also involves mediation or sales ranking types of agreements in which sellers and buyers can engage with each other. The general awareness of different opponent prices is available online and drives the overall price downward pressures (Dierickx & Cool, 2011).

If a business has very strongly fixed variable costs, make cautious improvements in costs. If the buyer is "locked in," and the products or services are less priced, prices may be adjusted to a less costly amount. In advance, however, the financial report and market study will track all volatility.

For specific products, a potential problem is that the market can change more quickly than the supplier can modify the product or service. One means of doing this is to trade at the lowest rate and keep a profit free from market volatility and improve the commodity constantly. For purchases, computer software and computer hardware are often used. Around the same time, the retailer can identify solutions to reduce the evolution cycle and establish a business exploration programme that identifies patterns and evolves rapidly.

The strong growth of the products has other advantages. It is not only the "boom or bust" loop of a single commodity, but the sales stream changes. It also demonstrates that the organisation produces and markets goods for the consumers steadily. In addition , consumers, analysts and stockholders trust that the establishment would be long-standing (Dierickx & Cool, 2011).

The tariff still needs to offer the buyer a genuine benefit, which is that the seller should be pleased with the purchase of the goods or service. The customer can also engage in the way the product can support his company. Price and ROI comparisons will be used to prove that the bid boosts demand higher than a rival. The charge may also form a base for long-term relationships between clients and lead to multiple sales.

Requirements

In order to execute the business tasks, there are specific services required, including workers who have the requisite expertise and skills to carry out the task effectively.

Activities

Detailed marketing activities or process sets like the creation , distribution and creation of the company concept. The business model categorises the costs and returns of each operation. The needs for services are driven by incidents. The current practises should be closely evaluated for resource conservation and cost savings. Activities that have been carried out but currently not needed by prior initiatives should be minimised. Even, before an undertaking is made that the planned efforts should be closely reviewed. In addition to being concerned with the organisation's goals and being part of the market 's demands, but taking into account the desired services and capacities. Any corporations have patented and exclusively patented their business models. However, most of them are relatively free for all industry participants.

Scope

The overall resources which the company can use as it likes. These includes all kinds of tangible and non-tangible properties, including services, cash supplies, IP devices, trademarks, brands, customer profiles and advice focused on client profiles, which include all the operations in association with companies. Using them to the fullest possible extent, they can serve the employers more efficiently and to meet their needs and needs. In particular, however, situations that exceed the overall load handling may be the ability to support the buyer. For example , Amazon provides early access to sales deals for the prime members, so that their servers can not overload immediately and the website can not be crushed..

In comparison to occasional rises, the business needs to differentiate between actual demand growth. The increase of the faculty would be justified by concrete growth. However, this must not be accomplished until the market, the infrastructure and the capabilities and financial commitments of the current and the future are studied. In addition, execution on the basis of an action schedule.

Competitive advantage and Proficiencies

The characteristics which exclusively belong to a company which allow it to easily separate itself from its competitors give it an unfavourable competitive edge. The businesses patent these features so that they do not risk their advantage over their rivals (Dierickx & Nice, 1989). Competences often allow an enterprise to lead the market to give customers value. They too are distinguished by the recruitment of candidates with a unique range of competencies, which allow them to develop as a business and provide services that are not predicted by any other firm. Understanding the market and anticipating future trends long before anticipation also gives them an edge that enables them to continue to be market leaders and dominants.

E-Business Environment and Strategies

The constantly evolving e-business world is a threat that entrepreneurs need to devise tactics that hold them ahead of their competition and do not deceive the consumers. Holding all satisfied and holding a stable sales and benefit generating stream. The organisation will monitor many variables, also known as internal factors including recruiting workers who have the right abilities. Financial management and strategy are also aligned with both short and long term priorities. Update the technology constantly to keep the customer updated for the future. Not only do they, but an organisation controls promotion, distribution and pricing strategy.

There are, however, several components which can no longer be regulated by the group. What are the nation's political and economic conditions. In addition, regulations and laws applying the decision on trade (Craig & Campbell, 2005). An external strategy is to deal with the adversaries, economies and technological development elements of the global business world that are over the responsibility of the organisation. This strategy is unlike a trade approach that deals with internal considerations. For example, the value plan and income derivatives can also form part of the strategies of other corporate model components.

Findings

The analytical results are presented by the entities and separated. The facts concerning the usefulness of the m-commerce application, e-commerce and the impacts of the development were presented during the meeting with the interviewees from different organisations (Johnson & Christensen, 2008).

In conclusion, e-commerce has made it possible for the organization to utilize its potential fully. Companies have been able to reach the global market through E-Commerce. Therefore, ensuring that company sell products and services without physically bargaining with one another. Companies such as Amazon and Alibaba are good examples of what E-Commerce can do. Amazon and Alibaba are among the top-selling companies globally, and grapevine has it that they are just getting started.

Technology advancements have led to competitions as businesses strive to provide goods and services to the customers. With the recent improvements in technology, there are so many affordable mobile devices that have been produced, prompting organizations to change their strategy of doing business. Several applications have been developed that form e-commerce, enabling computers to make orders online for some goods and services. This trend has improved so much that the customers no longer need to visit physical shops but the goods they require. Anyone who has a computer connected to the internet will access a variety of goods and services from the comfort of their homes or offices. With so many smartphones now being readily available, businesses have also devised a way to ensure that their services are more accessible even to the people who do not have access to computers and laptops. This has led to the development of applications that can be accessed via smartphones and other mobile devices. This is what is called M-commerce, meaning the use of mobile phones and tablets to sell goods and services. M-commerce will enable users to access all the online shopping platforms using their mobile devices if they have a network connection.

Currently, almost all services that a user needs can be accessed using their handheld mobile device. A few years ago, if one wanted to access government services or access the internet, one had to visit a cyber, since these are the places that one could find computers with internet connections. As the days moved on, things became more accessible and faster after introducing smartphones and improving internet connections like the introduction of 4G networks. With these devices, it is now possible to use your mobile device to perform several activities, including bill payments and account reviews. Using the M-commerce, consumers can access and pay for goods using their mobile phones, without the need to visit physical shops or even visit the banks to make a money transfer (Marinkovic & Kalinic, 2017).

There is considerable growth in the range of devices that are capable of supporting mobile commerce. Several digital wallets have been introduced to make the payment of goods and services to be more accessible. These include the Apple pay and Android pay that enable customers to make payments from instore without having to exit the applications. With so many social media platforms being introduced for communication and entertainment, these platforms' developers have gone a step further and added the buy button on the mobile platforms. This helps users to make purchases from retailers who are using these platforms to advertise for their goods. There are three categories under which M-commerce can be grouped.

Mobile shopping

These are applications that are like e-commerce, with the main difference being that Mobile shopping applications are accessible using mobile devices. These include social media platforms and some mobile applications that have been designed to be accessed via mobile devices.

Mobile banking

This is the use of mobile devices to access banking services, which saves the users the time they could have used to visit banks and make queues to access their accounts to make payments for goods and services. Mobile banking will mostly involve some applications developed by banks to make it possible for users to access their accounts using mobile devices.

Mobile payments

These platforms make it possible for users to purchase goods without the necessity of leaving a given site. Businesses have found ways to integrate payment options to their websites to make it easier for customers to make payments for goods and services.

Advantages of Mobile commerce

The introduction of Mobile commerce came with several advantages to the persons using the services. Below are some of the benefits of using M-Commerce.

Better overall experience for customers

When e-commerce was introduced, it made shopping more convenient by giving consumers access to a wide variety of products from which they could choose from. The consumers could view different prices for a given work and make comparisons before deciding which supply or seller to purchase that product from. The above was possible without the need to move to different shops. All that one needed was a computer that was connected to the internet. With M-Commerce, it is possible to get the benefits mentioned above, but now without being limited to the use of computers. With a mobile phone with access to the internet, it is possible to enjoy all the benefits of e-commerce. It is now possible for businesses to interact with their customers using chatbots. The use of these bots makes sure that even when no human is available at the customer care desk, some simple queries from the customers can be answered by these bots (Blaise et al., 2018).

Variety of payment options

With the emergence of so many mobile payment solutions, customers have been offered various options to make their payments. The use of cash or card to make payments is not yet outdated, but the introduction of mobile commerce has given the customers power to make checkouts and make payments in-app. When shopping at an online store for the first time, there is no need to enter shipment details since these can be obtained from the platform while making payments using mobile payments.

Customer retention

One of the things that will make customers move from one business to another is when a business offers services that are hard to access. With the introduction of M-commerce, online shops are readily accessible if one has a mobile device that can access the internet. Due to the ease of access, businesses can retain their customers for more extended periods.

Multi-channel experience

The introduction of M-Commerce has enabled businesses to sell their goods and services online, offline, and sell them through multiple channels. This helps the sellers increase their market audience and allow consumers to have a variety of goods and services to choose from.

Disadvantages of M-Commerce

As much as M-Commerce has its benefits to both the sellers and consumers, some disadvantages come with this M-Commerce. These will include the following as discussed below:

Variety of payment options

While we can look at the variety of payment options as an advantage, it is also a disadvantage when it comes to M-Commerce. Even though several mobile wallets are available from which consumers can make payments for their goods and services, some of these wallets are not available in some places. Secondly, different consumers will prefer different payment methods, and a customer's preferred payment method may not be available for some M-Commerce platforms. This will make payment for goods and services more difficult, meaning that a consumer may not be able to purchase goods and services (Jelassi & Martínez, 2020).

Ease of comparing prices by customers

While the ease at which customers can compare prices before deciding to purchase a product or service is advantageous to them, the same is a disadvantage to the sellers. If one seller is having higher prices for their goods and services, it will lead to a fall in customer purchases. Sellers have to keep on checking on the costs for the competitor goods and services and choose to adjust prices accordingly, ensuring that they do not make sales at a loss, but at the same time making sure the costs are realistic compared to the competitor goods and services.

A constant need for optimization

It may sound wrong to state the need to optimize applications that are used for M-Commerce. With the introduction of 4G networks, it means that internet speeds have increased to a considerable level. The fact that consumers are already used to fast speeds implies that if an application is not well optimized, it will lead to slow loading, making the customers grow impatient and moving to other businesses with faster loading web applications. This will lead to a business losing its clients, not because of high prices but because of the developer (Chopdar & Balakrishnan, 2020).

Other drawbacks include having poorly developed applications that will not allow customers to make payments and purchases online. The fact that M-Commerce relies on a mobile device with an internet connection means that if there is no internet connection or connectivity is low in some geographical areas, then consumers in those areas will have difficulties making purchases online.

Emergence of M-Commerce

Because of the advancement of wireless technologies, the companies in commerce have undergone a steady rise. Following the disruptive advent of e-commerce and its effect on the market setting in, M-commerce is another level of the wireless network revolution. With the intense and far-reaching technologies it has been possible to establish good ties between businesses and their target audiences, where a range of industries and companies use this potential. In the world today, M-commerce has been an important part of everyday life in wireless technology (Alfahl et al , 2012). The M-commerce means the process to link and run the organisation via the smartphone app and is widely seen as the most successful approach.

M-Commerce Features

Numerous characteristics of M-commerce can be seen only in the mobile world, which also offers the opportunity for new ways of application and technology use (Alfahl et al, 2012). These characteristics include diffusion, usability, and user-friendliness. The Ubiquity is the type of characteristics which require the usage of trade from all over the world. For eg, stock prices can often be tested absolutely from any region. As personalised, customers or users review the data and c afterwards; they send the short messages to the other customers aware. The type of special services can be defined by customising M-commerce characteristics, which will enable users to create the necessary solutions. The personalization auction and advertising are the appropriate example of the personalization. The users of this application can nevertheless always operate the company at any point. The electronic devices are electronic, precisely because purchases can conveniently be carried out, even though you are travelling on the internet. The purchase of products from mobile phones through the website illustrates M-commerce. Data transmission can be conveniently achieved through the wireless form of the technology across different regions.

Expansion of M-Commerce

Research carried out in 2010, shows that several people use mobile telephones and are up approximately 6 billion, with an estimated increase of 7 billion users (Siau et al, 2009). However, it was found that the mobile applications are lucrative, and there are numerous services operated by the mobile shopping and mobile banking technologies. As a result, the growth of trade (Mobile Trends that Re-forms the United Kingdom in 2017) is graduating. In 2010. The overall purchases for m-commerce through mobile retail and ticketing were $8 per ion, and in 2014, the figure was expected to increase five fold (Rouse et al, 2016).

The step-by - step implementation of the M-commerce absorption would transform the way that consumers purchase the products and services. Even if businesses see it as an expansion of e-commerce, a different variety of consumers demand alternative market models for business and services. Nohria's and Leestma 's study (2001), m-commerce is an evolving marketing platform that provides companies with insights into how these platforms integrate, allowing customer value maximisation. In addition, (Varshney et al . , 2004) states: "The corporation must have the potential to provide a portal to access some kind of information on the present market place where more and more companies are decentralising and employees increasingly mobile.”

The implementation of the mode of M-commerce in developing states has experienced a rapid rise in the advancement of such technologies. M-commerce in developed countries For example , customers who purchase goods and services on mobile telephones in the United States rose to $14 billion in 2009, compared to $396.4 million in 2008 (Rouse, 2012). Just 31 percent of the total number of citizens in France use m-commerce for shopping, and the e-commerce transactions in the French nation use m-commerce application. The UK Registered has given, according to Harris (2009), over one million in the M-commerce relief project via SMS(Rouse, 2012). Some researchers investigated the real impacts in the most developed countries such as South Koa and Finland of mobile banking and developed the relationship between the financial and the type of cellular carriers.

ANALYSIS

The study reveals that m-commerce is of considerable concern to consumers. Many enterprises and banks used the m-commerce market. Several corporations and the banks have built a network from the results obtained, under which consumers can without any difficulty buy their services online. The banks have presented consumers with new possibilities over the use of cell phones for examples of money transfer, purchases, business, reading and delivery of fast or instant communications and a different mode of operation. The access and payment of the goods and services online has been improved (Beynon-Davies,2004).

M-commerce has made e-commerce simpler, as consumers can now conveniently buy goods and services. As the connexion of the clients' account to their cell phones and the availability of cards contributed to the improvement of e-commerce, the Monzo banking system facilitated transactions. The banks and businesses should consider the needs of their customers to develop the M-commerce application. As e-commerce evolves, it has gained more attention, such that businesses or organisations can take the move in order to respond to this development. This makes it easier for consumers to shop the products online. Compared to internet businesses, companies that work internet in e-commerce have a comparative edge. This is due to the broader demand than the physical firms.

The easiest way to do shopping is to banking Monzo. Since the consumers are linked with the cell phones, the transfers need not be carried out by the banks to withdraw the money. This technology must be encouraged to make it easier for customers to shop the products online. Both banks should be urged to follow this mechanism so that consumers have no issue in e-commerce..

The company m-commerce refers to customers, such as retail, advertisement, auctioning, shopping and tickets. It also relates really well to commercial practises of the firm. Mobile commerce increases the efficacy of banking operations in its ways by supplying the banks with a secure platform for communicating with customers quickly. It also states that banks in a position to trap the power of mobile technology for the rationalisation and automation of the banking procedure could achieve the advantages of improving efficiency and pleasing customers (Zeeshan et al,2007). It also contributes to better decision-making and operational costs reduction. The m-commerce sector has opened the doors for emerging types of software and new facilities. It has also increased consumers and owners' easier connectivity wherever they are. M- gave firms economic advantages and profits in contrast to the physically active company.

In conclusion, the emergent of M-Commerce has made a life for consumers to be smoother. With so many smartphones now being readily available, businesses have also devised a way to ensure that their services are more accessible even to the people who do not have access to computers and laptops. This has led to the development of applications that can be accessed via smartphones and other mobile devices. The use of cash or card to make payments is not yet outdated, but the introduction of mobile commerce has given the customers power to make checkouts and make payments in-app. While the ease at which customers can compare prices before deciding to purchase a product or service is advantageous to them, the same is a disadvantage to the sellers. If one seller is having higher prices for their goods and services, it will lead to a fall in customer purchases.

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