Course: Database Systems Discussion 1 (Chapter 6): How can the key and foreign key constraints be enforced by the DBMS? Is the enforcement technique you suggest difficult to implement? Can the cons
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Post 1:
1 day ago
Praneeth
Week 3 Discussion 2
COLLAPSE
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Function operation refers to typologies of different information systems used by various organizations. Typologies usually consist of the significant two systems, namely Management Process System (MPS) and the well-known Transaction Processing System (TPS). In a single organization, various operating systems assist in the running of daily activities. These systems include TPS, MPS, Management Information System (MIS), Group Support System (GSS), Decision Support System (DSS), Communication Systems, and Knowledge Work System (KWS). The process of grouping the above systems into more specific groups to highlight their differences and similarities is called function operation. The systems are either grouped as organizational function, time orientation functions, or user group functions.
Function operation's major role is mapping the above operating and information systems in different typologies to ensure a single information system can be used in different departments within an organization. The organizational function usually deals with the business domains such as the accounting information system (AIS), sales system, human resources information system (HRIS), and the marketing system. The time-focused function ensures that every system can use the past, present, and expected future data to ensure decision-makers make effective decisions. It combines TPS and MPS to ensure that DSS works efficiently. The user group function groups the information systems according to how they apply at each management level. The primary management levels are Corporate management, middle-level management, and supervisory management (Akio et al., 2017).
We can have a practical example of an information technology organization introducing a new application to the market. At organization function, the sales and marketing systems help the marketing and sales team make the right market decisions. The time orientation function uses all past sales, user feedback, and other information collected to guide the marketing team in making effective decisions using the DSS. At the user group functions, middle-level management is tasked with using MPS and MIS to make decisions that will ensure that the product brings maximum profit to the organization (Majidi et al., 2019).
References
Akio, G., Takahisa, I., and Taro, S., (2017). A technique to generate reasonable counter-operation procedures for an emergency based on a model expressing functions of components, Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 54:5, 578-588.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2017.1292966
Majidi M., Nojavan S., and Zare K. (2019). Optimization Framework Based on Information Gap Decision Theory for Optimal Operation of Multi-Energy Systems, pages 379- 456.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04296-7_3
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Post 2:
Brittany
COLLAPSE
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Function Operation
The FUNCTION operation, also known as the aggregate function, is known to perform calculations on a set of values and return the single value as the final output (Roth, et al., 2018). Although the FUNCTION operation is commonly use to perform calculations and return numerical outputs, it can be used to request collections of values from the database and/or request a group of tuples in a relation by the value or some of their attributes. Users typically request information such as the sum of the numerical values from the specified database or even the average can be retrieved (Elmarsi & Navathe, 2017).
A practical example of using the FUNCTION operation would be using the AVERAGE operation to find the average of class grades from an exam from a database that provides information about students in high school. The title of the database would be "High School" and the database would numerically output the average from a column named "Grades". The following example code is as follows:
SELECT AVG(Grades)
FROM High School;
The output would be a numerical value from the calculated average from the high school classes exam.
References
Elmarsi, Ramez & Navathe, Shamkant. (2017). "Fundamentals of Database Systems". (7th Edition). Pearson Educated Unlimited.
Roth, Jason, et al. (2018). "Aggregate Functions (Transact-SQL)". Microsoft. Retrieved from https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/aggregate-functions-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver15
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