Hello in this assignment, I was assigned to work only with the green highlight which should be done please check the document2 folder.

LAS432 Course Project Developed Outline UserA

20210328

The outline is offering a good guideline for your paper/presentation. I appreciate the effort you put into the work. Your thesis needs to specifically tie all of your technologies into a statement that can be defended related to pollution. For example, talk about the specific impact of the technology on an aspect of pollution. Your worksheet would be stronger with more detailed discussion of your timeline. I also don't see specifics around economics, culture, society perspectives. Keep in mind this needs to be an analysis of your chosen technology. Also, there was a template that asked about your audience and ethical perspective. If you would like to resubmit using the template, I will reevalute.

Preliminary Questions

Team Members: List your team members here.

Thesis: Record your preliminary team thesis here.

Style and Form: What do you want the style and tone of the paper to be? What formal elements are you concerned with? How will these individual sections go together?

Order: In what order will the subsection appear? Create an order that best supports the thesis and creates fluid transitions. Use this as a point of reference for your Team Developed Outline.

Section: Topic and Description

Main ideas: What is the main idea of you subsection? What areas of analysis will you engage with?
1. Technology: What technologies need to be described?
2. Ethics: How does the team’s ethical angle relate to your subtopic?
3. Which areas of analysis will you engage with: social, cultural, economic, or political?
Evidence:
1. What evidence have you gathered that supports your section and the Team Thesis?
2. What evidence still needs to be gathered? What are the next steps of your research process?
Connection to Thesis: How will your section support the Team Thesis?
Relation to other subsections: What other sections does your section have a strong relationship to? How might this help you develop order and transition areas of your team course project?

Introduction
1. Thesis/Ethical concerns to be addressed
  1. Air pollution is a global issue with many ethical concerns involved in its possible solutions.
  2. Who will foot the bill?
  3. How to reduce pollution without impeding on standards of life?
2. Air Pollution
  1. Air Pollution stats
    1. “In 2019, about 70 million tons of pollution were emitted into the atmosphere in the United States.” (Overview of the Clean Air Act and Air Pollution, 2020)
    2. “approximately 82 million people nationwide lived in counties with pollution levels above the primary NAAQS in 2019.” (Overview of the Clean Air Act and Air Pollution, 2020)
  2. What is Air Pollution?
    1. “Air pollution consists of gas and particle contaminants that are present in the atmosphere. Gaseous pollutants include sulfur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), certain toxic air pollutants and some gaseous forms of metals. Particle pollution (PM2.5 and PM10) includes a mixture of compounds that can be grouped into five major categories: sulfate, nitrate, elemental (black) carbon, organic carbon and crustal material.” (Overview of the Clean Air Act and Air Pollution, 2020)

1. 1. 1. 1. Carbon monoxide (CO)
      2. Leads to CO2 formation and ozone
      3. Lead (Pb)
      4. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
      5. Ozone (O3)
      6. Particulate matter (PM)
      7. PM10 – Particles smaller than or equal to 10 micrometers
      8. PM2.5 – Particles smaller than or equal to 2.5 micrometers
      9. Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
  2. Ethical Framework: What ethical frameworks will your team deploy to help develop analysis of the topic?

1. 1. Audience: Who is your primary audience? What is their call to action?
Sectional Outlines
1. Science/Technology behind the Smog Tower
  1. Air Ionization
    1. When enough energy is introduced, an electron jumps from one air molecule to another. (Jiang, Ma, & Ramachandran, 2018)
  2. Aufero air purifying system (ENS Clean Air, 2021)
    1. No filters
      1. Positively charged air and negatively charged plate
    2. Easy cleaning
      1. Particles/dust on plate can be collected by wiping them away or vacuumed into a collection container.
    3. Minimal energy consumption
      1. No filters reduces energy used
2. How can this technology be effective in countries such as China, India and the United States?

1. 1. Every winter, Delhi- NCR is covered in a thick blanket of smog and the Environmental Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority’ has to declare a public health emergency. After AQI levels escalated following the annual episode of stubbleburning last year, the Supreme Court instructed the Delhi government and the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) to erect smog towers.
  2. The Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay (IIT-B) got onboard, by submitting a proposal to the CPCB. By April, smog towers under testing mode were to be installed at Anand Vihar and Connaught Place. But due to the subsequent lockdowns, the deadline was flouted. On July 29, IIT-B backed out of the project, but came back onboard after the court threatened contempt action.
  3. An experimental tower over 100 metres (328 feet) high in northern China – dubbed the world’s biggest air purifier by its operators – has brought a noticeable improvement in air quality, according to the scientist leading the project, as authorities seek ways to tackle the nation’s chronic smog problem.
  4. The tower has been built in Xian in Shaanxi province and is undergoing testing by researchers at the Institute of Earth Environment at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
2. Possible solutions for correcting air pollution
  1. “Most carbon capture focuses on cleaning emissions at the source: scrubbers and filters on smokestacks that prevent harmful gases reaching the atmosphere. But this is impractical for small, numerous point sources like the planet's billion or so automobiles. Nor can it address the CO2 that is already in the air.” (Swain, 2021)
  2. Preventative solutions
    1. Reducing pollution creating energy creation/usage
      1. driving strict policies to curb construction dust
      2. there should be more emphasis on adoption of EV buses that can reduce transport dust by a significant margin
  3. After pollution solutions
    1. Not all pollution can be stopped before it occurs. IE Airplanes
    2. Smog Tower/Air Ionization
      1. Reduces approximately 90% of airborne particulate
      2. Air particles removed become dust and are no longer air borne
      3. Leads to less pollution in water
    3. Direct Air Capture
      1. Large scale pollution removal
        Estimates of 1 million tons annually
      2. Closed reaction system, No waste materials
      3. CO2 pulled from air can be sold to Oil industry
        Used to pressurize underground drilling caverns
3. Impacts of the Smog Tower
  1. Financial Burden
    1. In China & India, Government foot bill
    2. Is that something the American people would be willing to do?
      1. Taxpayers are willing to pay for something that can be found to be cost efficient and efficient
    3. Individuals an purchase “Smog Diamond” ring made of the residue pulled from Smog Tower plates to help pay for new installations
  2. Location burden
    1. In China and India, located in community parks and other public areas
    2. Such small radius of cleaning requires mass quantities of towers to support substantial change.
    3. Land can no longer be used for production
  3. Health implications
    1. Effective radius is ~10 m
    2. People would need to spend a lot of time near the tower to see any effects
Conclusion
1. “Since 1990 there has been approximately a 50% decline emissions of key air pollutants.” (Overview of the Clean Air Act and Air Pollution, 2020)
  1. Declining National Air Pollutant Concentration Averages – Chart from EPA.gov
  2. What we are doing is working, but is it fast enough?
2. Ethical conclusions
  1. Air pollution is a significant issue that requires drastic changes
    1. We need a variety of short and long term solutions
  2. Government and businesses will most likely need to fund these installations
    1. Costs to be sent down to customers and taxpayers.
    2. Significant downstream costs will not be excepted
  3. The Smog Tower adds a safe place for clean air to breathe

What are you proposing to achieve with your project?

What will be the call to action for your audience?

References

(n.d.). Retrieved from Smog Free Tower: https://www.studioroosegaarde.net/project/smog-free-tower

(2020, November 30). Retrieved from Overview of the Clean Air Act and Air Pollution: https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview

(2021). Retrieved from ENS Clean Air: https://www.ens-cleanair.com/en/

Air pollution and its effects on the immune system. (2020, May 1). Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 151, 56-68. doi:j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.179

Babadjouni, R. M., Hodisa, D. M., Radwanskia, R., Durazo, R., Patel, A., Liu, Q., & Mack, W. J. (2017, September). Clinical effects of air pollution on the central nervous system; a review. JOurnal of CLinical Neuroscience, 43, 16-24. doi:j.jocn.2017.04.028

Cardiovascular effects of air pollution. (2017, November). Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases, 110(11), 634-642. doi:j.acvd.2017.05.003

Chandramouli, K., Pannirselvam, N., Kumar, D., Avuthu, S., & Anitha, V. (2019). A Study on Smog Filtering Tower. Journal of Advanced Cement & Concrete, 2.

Hamanaka, R. B., & Mutlu, G. M. (2018). Particulate Matter Air Pollution: Effects on the Cardiovascular System. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 680. doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00680

Jenniskens, D. G. (2017). Case study: Smog Free Tower (measurements in an urban environment). Cuijk: Environmental Nano Solutions. Retrieved from https://cdn.archilovers.com/projects/06505a46-61e1-4d28-a371-aa1ce924d3a4.pdf

Jiang, S.-Y., Ma, A., & Ramachandran, S. (2018, September 28). Negative Air Ions and Their Effects on Human Health and Air Quality Improvement. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(10), 2966. doi:10.3390/ijms19102966

Mackenzie, J. (2016, November 1). Air Pollution: Everything You Need to Know. Retrieved from Natural Resources Defense Council: https://www.nrdc.org/stories/air-pollution-everything-you-need-know#sec1

Mannucci, P. M., & Franchini, M. (2017, September 12). Health Effects of Ambient Air Pollution in Developing Countries. International Journal of ENvironmental Research and Public Health, 1048. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/14/9/1048

Swain, F. (2021, March 11). The device that reverses CO2 emissions. Retrieved 03 21, 2021, from www.BBC.com: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210310-the-trillion-dollar-plan-to-capture-co2

“World's First Smog Filtering Tower Goes on Tour.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 19 Sept. 2015, www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/sep/19/worlds-first-smog-filtering-tower-on-tour-daan-roosegaarde-air-pollution.

Ians. 10 Oct. 2020, “Delhi to Get Rs 20 Crore Smog Tower in Connaught Place to Curb Pollution.” Business Standard, Business-Standard, www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/delhi-to-get-rs-20-crore-smog-tower-in-connaught-place-to-curb-pollution-