Write a 2-5 page essay, describing what you learned in this course, what it means to you, and what action can be taken in response to Human Trafficking issues. I will attach some of the powerpoint fro

Introduction to human trafficking: Definitions and measuring the scope of the problem 1 What is Human Trafficking?  Human trafficking is a term used to identify the criminal act of using force, fraud or coercion when recruiting, transporting, harboring, providing, or obtaining another person for the purpose of labor or commercial sexual activity  Human trafficking is not voluntary  The victims of human trafficking are forced, threatened, coerced, or deceived , with the specific intent to exploit their labor or sex for commercial benefit 2 Elements  The three main elements of FORCE , FRAUD or COERCION exist in every human trafficking situation to where vulnerable people are exploited WHY DOES HUMAN TRAFFICKING EXIST? It’s a high profit , low -risk crime and a demand exists -Every year, human traffickers generate billions of dollars in profits by victimizing millions of people - Low criminal risk: When the community is unaware of this issue, when government and community institutions are not trained to respond, when there are ineffective or dormant laws to address the crime, when safety nets for victims do not exist, and when law enforcement does not investigate and prosecute the crime, human traffickers perceive little risk or deterrence to affect their criminal operations - It is fueled by a demand for cheap labor, services & commercial sex acts Human Trafficking vs. Smuggling  Do not confuse the term “ trafficking ” with the concept of illegally moving or transporting humans ( smuggling )  There is no requirement that a person be moved from one place to another to be trafficked  People who volunteer to be smuggled across international borders have usually paid a large fee to be smuggled  While smuggling people across an international border is a crime, the people who are being voluntarily smuggled are not victims of trafficking 5 Sex Trafficking as a Form of Human Trafficking  Sex trafficking is commercial sexual activity that was compelled through coercion, fraud, force, or threats of force when the victim is 18 years old or older  Sex trafficking of a minor is another form that has occurred when a person, who is younger than 18 years of age is enticed, harbored, recruited, obtained, transported, provided, solicited, patronized, or maintained for the purpose of commercial sexual activity  Sex trafficking of a child does not require the use of any threats, force, or coercion  Any form of commercial sexual activity using a person under the age of 18 years old is sex trafficking of a child and can be punished as human trafficking 6 Labor Trafficking as a Form of Human Trafficking  Labor trafficking is when a trafficker obtains, transports, provides, harbors, or recruits another, and threatens to use force, uses force, deceives, or uses any coercive techniques to compel the person to perform work without fair pay  Other forms of labor trafficking:

 Debt bondage can include debt that was acquired by a person as a condition of his employment.  Domestic servitude is a form of labor trafficking in which the worker is not paid, underpaid, is abused, or is not free to leave the residence of the employer. 7 Scope of the Problem • Quantifying the size of illicit economic activity is important because it helps policy makers assess the impact of the problem • This helps them allocate resources to fight the activity Top illegal markets world - wide 1. Global drug trade = $750 billion (2013 est. by UNODC) 2. Human trafficking = $150 billion (ILO, 2014) 3. Illegal arms trafficking = $6 billion (Schroeder & Lamb, 2006) 8 Scope of the Problem (Cont.)  The International Labor Organization (ILO, 2014) estimated that human trafficking globally generates $150 billion in illegal profits a year  $99 billion from sex trafficking  $51 billion from labor trafficking  Walk Free Foundation’s (2016) Gallup poll of 42,000 people in 53 languages worldwide estimated that 45.8 million people are trapped in some form of human trafficking  57,700 people enslaved in the U.S. Conclusion  Human trafficking is a term used to identify the criminal act of using force, fraud or coercion when recruiting, transporting, harboring, providing, or obtaining another person for the purpose of labor or commercial sexual activity  Human trafficking can be sex or labor trafficking  Sex trafficking is commercial sexual activity that was compelled through force, fraud, coercion, or threats of force when the victim is 18 years old or older  Sex trafficking of a child does not require the use of any threats, force, or coercion . Any form of commercial sexual activity using a person under the age of 18 years old can be punished as HT  Labor trafficking is when a trafficker obtains, transports, provides, harbors, or recruits another, and threatens to use force, uses force, deceives, or uses any coercive techniques to compel the person to perform work 10 Discussion  Victims of sex trafficking have often suffered severe trauma over a long period of time  That trauma leads to fear, behavioral issues, mental illnesses, drug addictions, & other psychological issues  The psychological trauma creates a unique bond between the victims (especially sex trafficking) and the traffickers  The bond between the victims and the traffickers often prevents the victims from assisting law enforcement  Solution is to develop a victim centered investigation where law enforcement first focuses on the stabilization of the victim  As a result of the psychological trauma and the need to stabilize the victim, law enforcement must collaborate with social service experts  The need for law enforcement to collaborate with social service experts has led to the creation of a collaborative model where law enforcement and social services work side - by -side in a task force style team 11