Task is to answer the questions correctly. No word count. Simple answers. QUESTION AND ANSWER WORKSHEET.

T he A le xis c a se a naly ze s c iv il r ig hts c la im s b ase d u pon e ach o f 4 2U .S .C . § 1981, 4 2 U .S .C . § 1983 a nd 4 2 U .S .C . § 1985. W hat d oes e ach o f t h ese s ta tu te s p ro hib it ? 2 . W hy d id A le xis lo se th e § 1981 c la im a gain st D om in a a nd M cD onald ’s b utw in o n t h e s a m e c la im a gain st S gt. L eoparti ? 3. U nder G ra h am v . C onnor, th e “ to ta lit y o f c ir c u m sta nce s” d ete rm in es w heth e r fo rc e u se d b y a n o ff ic e r is “ e xce ssiv e ” a nd th us i n v io la tio n o f § 1 98 3 . W hat a re c ir c u m sta nce s th at th e C ourt b elie ve s s h ould b e c o nsid ere d ? A re th ese c ir c u m sta nce s fix e d fo r a ll c a se s, o r d o th ey v a ry ?

4 . T he d is se ntin g o pin io n in A le xis d is cu sse s “ s u b stit u te d j u dgm ent” in th e c o nte xt o f l ia bilit y u nder § 1983. W hat d oes th is c o nce pt m ea n?